爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(Ⅱ):冲击扰动诱发岩块滑移的物理模拟试验
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摘要
深部岩体为具有块状层次结构的含能地质体,在冲击扰动通过块系岩体向前传播的振动过程中,极易诱发原先处于平衡状态的岩体的内应力释放,产生不可逆变形、岩爆、工程地震等工程灾害。利用自行研制的块系岩体动态力学性能测试试验系统,进行不同初应力条件下冲击扰动诱发岩块滑移的物理模拟试验,获得冲击扰动诱发岩块不可逆位移、动力滑移失稳的关键力学机制、规律及充分必要条件。通过深入研究冲击扰动下初应力岩体运动的能量转化机制,推导得到了支配岩块运动规律的特征能量因子,给出了与不同规模的岩体破坏(不可逆位移、动力滑移失稳)相适应的特征能量因子阈值和判别准则。研究表明,基于特征能量因子的判别准则能较好的表征冲击扰动诱发岩块间不可逆位移和动力失稳的特征科学现象。
Rock masses can be regarded as the hierarchical structure of masses composed of blocks with structural planes and have the capability of storing energy at micro-level.Propagation of stress waves in rock masses generated by the external disturbances may trigger the release of internal energy and result in geologic hazards such as very large irreversible deformation,rockburst,engineering earthquake and so on.With the dynamic testing system of rock blocks developed in-house,the physical experiments to simulate the slipping of rock blocks induced by the impact disturbances were carried out to study the mechanism of irreversible displacements and slip failure,the influence factors and the conditions of threshold energy.Experimental results show that when the initial shear force is close to zero,the irreversible displacement may be induced by the external disturbances.The threshold energy of the irreversible displacement decreases with the increase of the initial shear force.When the initial shear force is close to the dynamic shear strength,the external disturbances may trigger slip failure.A dimensionless characteristic energy factor was used to characterize the threshold energy conditions of the irreversible displacement and slip failures induced by external disturbances.The physical relationship between the characteristic energy factor and the dimensionless energy conditions for pendulum-type waves was discussed.The comparison with experimental results shows that the energy factor can characterize the threshold energy conditions of irreversible displacements and slip failures induced by the external disturbances very well.
Rock masses can be regarded as the hierarchical structure of masses composed of blocks with structural planes and have the capability of storing energy at micro-level.Propagation of stress waves in rock masses generated by the external disturbances may trigger the release of internal energy and result in geologic hazards such as very large irreversible deformation,rockburst,engineering earthquake and so on.With the dynamic testing system of rock blocks developed in-house,the physical experiments to simulate the slipping of rock blocks induced by the impact disturbances were carried out to study the mechanism of irreversible displacements and slip failure,the influence factors and the conditions of threshold energy.Experimental results show that when the initial shear force is close to zero,the irreversible displacement may be induced by the external disturbances.The threshold energy of the irreversible displacement decreases with the increase of the initial shear force.When the initial shear force is close to the dynamic shear strength,the external disturbances may trigger slip failure.A dimensionless characteristic energy factor was used to characterize the threshold energy conditions of the irreversible displacement and slip failures induced by external disturbances.The physical relationship between the characteristic energy factor and the dimensionless energy conditions for pendulum-type waves was discussed.The comparison with experimental results shows that the energy factor can characterize the threshold energy conditions of irreversible displacements and slip failures induced by the external disturbances very well.
引文
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[8]李利萍,潘一山,章梦涛.基于简支梁模型的岩体超低摩擦效应理论分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):2 715–2 720.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao.Theoretical analysis of effect of anomalously low friction on rock mass based on simply supported beam model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2 715–2 720.(in Chinese))
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[14]钱七虎.战略防护工程面临的核钻地弹威胁及连续介质力学模的不适用性[C]//第五届全国工程结构安全防护学术会议论文集.南京:[s.n.],2005:1–8.(QIAN Qihu.Study on threat of strategic protective engineering from nuclear weapons and inapplicability of continuative mechanic model[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Nationwide Structure Engineering Security.Nanjing:[s.n.],2005:1–8.(in Chinese))
[15]李杰,周益春,蒋海明,等.非线性摆型波问题的提出及科研仪器研制[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2017,39(4):15–27.(LI Jie,ZHOU Yichun,JIANG Haiming,et al.State of the nonlinear pendulum-type waves problems and development of the test equipment[J].Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University,2017,39(4):15–27.(in Chinese))
[16]朗道,栗弗席兹.理论物理学教程第一卷:力学[M].5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:65–66.(LANDAU L D,LIFSHITZ E M.Volume 1 of course of theoretical physics:mechanics[M].5th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:65–66.(in Chinese))
[17]PALMER A C,RICE J R.The growth of slip surfaces in the progressive failure of over-consolidated clay[C]//Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences.London:The Royal Society,1973,332(1591):527–548.
[18]RABINOWICZ E.The nature of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1951,22:1 373–1 379.
[19]WANG M Y,LI J,MA L J,et al.Study on the characteristic energy factor of the deep rock mass under weak disturbance[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(8):3 165–3 173.
[20]李杰,王明洋,蒋海明,等.爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(I):一维块系岩体波动特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):38–50.(LI Jie,WANG Mingyang,JIANG Haiming,et al.Nonlinear mechanics problems in rock explosion and shock.Part I:Experimental research on the propagation properties of onedimensional block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):38–50.(in Chinese))
[2]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I.Pendulum-type waves.Part II:Experimental methods and main results of physical modeling[J].Journal of Mining Science,1996,32(4):245–273.
[3]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I,et al.Pendulum waves.Part III:Data of on-site observations[J].Journal of Mining Sciences,1996,32(5):341–361.
[4]王明洋,李杰,李凯锐.深部岩体非线性力学能量作用原理与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):659–667.(WANG Mingyang,LI Jie,LI Kairui.A nonlinear mechanical energy theory in deep rock mass engineering and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):659–667.(in Chinese))
[5]王明洋,戚承志,钱七虎.深部岩体块系介质变形与运动特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 825–2 830.(WANG Mingyang,QI Chengzhi,QIAN Qihu.Study on deformation and motion characteristics of blocks in deep rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 825–2 830.(in Chinese))
[6]王明洋,周泽平,钱七虎.深部岩体的构造和变形与破坏问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):448–455.(WANG Mingyang,ZHOU Zeping,QIAN Qihu.Tectonic,deformation and failure problems of deep rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):448–455.(in Chinese))
[7]潘一山,王凯兴.岩体间超低摩擦发生机制的摆型波理论[J].地震地质,2014,36(3):833–844.(PAN Yishan,WANG Kaixing.Pendulum type waves theory on the mechanism of anomalously low friction between rock masses[J].Seismology and Geology,2014,36(3):833–844.(in Chinese))
[8]李利萍,潘一山,章梦涛.基于简支梁模型的岩体超低摩擦效应理论分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):2 715–2 720.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,ZHANG Mengtao.Theoretical analysis of effect of anomalously low friction on rock mass based on simply supported beam model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2 715–2 720.(in Chinese))
[9]李利萍,潘一山,王晓纯,等.考虑上覆岩层压力的深部岩体块系介质超低摩擦效应理论分析[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(1):149–154.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,WANG Xiaochun,et al.Theoretical analysis of ultra-low friction effect in deep block rock mass considering overlying rock pressure[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2014,23(1):149–154.(in Chinese))
[10]KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,VOSTRIKOV V I.Effect of anomalously low friction in block media[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics,1999,40(6):1 116–1 120.
[11]王洪亮,葛涛,王德荣,等.块系岩体动力特性理论与实验对比分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):951–958.(WANG Hongliang,GE Tao,WANG Derong,et al.Comparison of theoretical and experimental analyses of dynamic characteristics of block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):951–958.(in Chinese))
[12]许琼萍,陆渝生,王德荣.深部岩体块系摩擦减弱效应试验[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,10(3):285–289.(XU Qiongping,LU Yusheng,WANG Derong.Experimental study on friction weakened effect of deep block rock mass[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2009,10(3):285–289.(in Chinese))
[13]李利萍,潘一山,马胜利,等.深部开采岩体超低摩擦效应实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):164–167.(LI Liping,PAN Yishan,MA Shengli,et al.Experimental research into effect of ultra-low friction of rock mass in deep mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2008,25(2):164–167.(in Chinese))
[14]钱七虎.战略防护工程面临的核钻地弹威胁及连续介质力学模的不适用性[C]//第五届全国工程结构安全防护学术会议论文集.南京:[s.n.],2005:1–8.(QIAN Qihu.Study on threat of strategic protective engineering from nuclear weapons and inapplicability of continuative mechanic model[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Nationwide Structure Engineering Security.Nanjing:[s.n.],2005:1–8.(in Chinese))
[15]李杰,周益春,蒋海明,等.非线性摆型波问题的提出及科研仪器研制[J].湘潭大学自然科学学报,2017,39(4):15–27.(LI Jie,ZHOU Yichun,JIANG Haiming,et al.State of the nonlinear pendulum-type waves problems and development of the test equipment[J].Natural Science Journal of Xiangtan University,2017,39(4):15–27.(in Chinese))
[16]朗道,栗弗席兹.理论物理学教程第一卷:力学[M].5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2007:65–66.(LANDAU L D,LIFSHITZ E M.Volume 1 of course of theoretical physics:mechanics[M].5th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007:65–66.(in Chinese))
[17]PALMER A C,RICE J R.The growth of slip surfaces in the progressive failure of over-consolidated clay[C]//Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences.London:The Royal Society,1973,332(1591):527–548.
[18]RABINOWICZ E.The nature of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1951,22:1 373–1 379.
[19]WANG M Y,LI J,MA L J,et al.Study on the characteristic energy factor of the deep rock mass under weak disturbance[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(8):3 165–3 173.
[20]李杰,王明洋,蒋海明,等.爆炸与冲击中的非线性岩石力学问题(I):一维块系岩体波动特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):38–50.(LI Jie,WANG Mingyang,JIANG Haiming,et al.Nonlinear mechanics problems in rock explosion and shock.Part I:Experimental research on the propagation properties of onedimensional block rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):38–50.(in Chinese))