超光谱比值辐射仪光机系统设计与外场实验分析
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摘要
针对我国光学遥感卫星高频次和高精度定标的技术需求,以及目前人工定标的不足,研制了超光谱比值辐射仪系统.该仪器具备长期自动观测功能,光谱范围为400～2 500nm.光机系统主要由前置光学系统和光谱模块组成.根据场地定标中的参数需求与自动化定标的目标,设计积分球测量总辐照度,并通过遮挡的方式实现漫射辐照度的测量,获得卫星定标中的漫总比数据;设计光学镜头测量地面辐亮度,从而实现大气-地表辐射特性的自动观测.同时仪器集成了定标数据实时预处理和远程传送等功能.为验证仪器的野外环境适应性和自动化测量数据的可靠性,与传统人工测量地表反射率与漫总比的方式进行了外场对比实验.实验结果表明,两种方式所测的总辐照度、漫射辐照度和直射辐照度的相对偏差均小于5%,漫总比的绝对偏差均小于0.025%;所测反射率整体趋势相同,且二者的偏差普遍在±1%以内,最大偏差小于±2.5%.超光谱比值辐射仪具有较高的自动化测量精度,能够替代人工测量大气辐射特性参数和地表反射率,实现较高的测量频次,在遥感卫星自动化定标领域具有广阔的应用前景.
Aiming at the technical requirements of high-frequency and high-precision calibration of optical remote sensing satellites in China,and the current shortage of manual calibration,a hyperspectral ratio radiometer system was developed.The instrument has long-term automatic observation function with a spectral range of 400～2 500 nm.The optomechanical system consists mainly of a front optical system and a spectral module.According to the parameter requirements in the site calibration and the target of automatic calibration,the instrument designs the integrating sphere to measure the total irradiance,and realizes the measurement of the diffuse irradiance by occlusion,and obtains the diffuse ratio data in the satellite calibration.Designing optical lenses to achieve ground radiance measurements for automatic observation of atmospheric-surface radiation characteristics.At the same time,the instrument integrates real-time pre-processing and remote transmission of calibration data.In order to verify the field environment adaptability of the instrument and the reliability of the automated measurement data,an external field comparison experiment was conducted with the traditional method of manually measuring the surface reflectance and the diffuse ratio.The experimental results show that the relative deviations of the total irradiance,diffuse irradiance and direct irradiance measured by the two methods are less than5%,and the absolute deviation of the diffuse total ratio is less than 0.025%;the overall trend of the measured reflectivity the same,and the deviation of the two is generally within ±1%,the maximum deviation is less than ±2.5%.The hyperspectral ratio radiometer has high automatic measurement accuracy,can replace the artificial measurement of atmospheric radiation characteristic parameters and surface reflectance,and achieve higher measurement frequency.It has broad prospects in the field of remote sensing satellite automatic calibration.
Aiming at the technical requirements of high-frequency and high-precision calibration of optical remote sensing satellites in China,and the current shortage of manual calibration,a hyperspectral ratio radiometer system was developed.The instrument has long-term automatic observation function with a spectral range of 400～2 500 nm.The optomechanical system consists mainly of a front optical system and a spectral module.According to the parameter requirements in the site calibration and the target of automatic calibration,the instrument designs the integrating sphere to measure the total irradiance,and realizes the measurement of the diffuse irradiance by occlusion,and obtains the diffuse ratio data in the satellite calibration.Designing optical lenses to achieve ground radiance measurements for automatic observation of atmospheric-surface radiation characteristics.At the same time,the instrument integrates real-time pre-processing and remote transmission of calibration data.In order to verify the field environment adaptability of the instrument and the reliability of the automated measurement data,an external field comparison experiment was conducted with the traditional method of manually measuring the surface reflectance and the diffuse ratio.The experimental results show that the relative deviations of the total irradiance,diffuse irradiance and direct irradiance measured by the two methods are less than5%,and the absolute deviation of the diffuse total ratio is less than 0.025%;the overall trend of the measured reflectivity the same,and the deviation of the two is generally within ±1%,the maximum deviation is less than ±2.5%.The hyperspectral ratio radiometer has high automatic measurement accuracy,can replace the artificial measurement of atmospheric radiation characteristic parameters and surface reflectance,and achieve higher measurement frequency.It has broad prospects in the field of remote sensing satellite automatic calibration.
引文
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[17]LI Xin,ZHENG Xiao-bing,HONG Jin,et al.Optical and mechanical design of SWIR hyperspectral field spectroradiometer[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2007,15(11):1656-1661.李新,郑小兵,洪津,等.高光谱短波红外地物光谱仪光机设计[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(11):1656-1661.
[18]LIU En-chao,LI Xin,WEI Wei,et al.Automatic field calibration and analysis of satellite based on hyper-spectral ratio radiometer[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(12):4076-4081.刘恩超,李新,韦玮,等.基于超光谱比值辐射仪的卫星自动化场地定标与分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2016,36(12):4076-4081.
[2]YIN Ya-peng,LI Xin,ZHENG Xiao-bing,et al.Design and implement of automated site observing radiometer[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2016,11(1):44-50.尹亚鹏,李新,郑小兵等.场地自动化观测辐射计的设计与实现[J].大气与环境光学学报,2016,11(1):44-50.
[3]SLATER P N,BIGGAR S F,HOLM R G,et al.Reflectance-and radiance-based methods for the in-flight absolute calibration of multispectral sensors[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,22(1):11-37.
[4]BIGGAR S F.In-flight methods for satellite sensor absolute radiometric calibration[D].Tucson:University of Arizona,1990:16-22.
[5]GU Xing-fa,TIAN Guo-liang,YU Tao,et al.The radiometric calibration principle and method of space remote sensor[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013,201-203.顾行发,田国良,余涛,等.航天光学遥感器辐射定标原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2013,199-203.
[6]WANG Min,ZHOU Shu-dao,HE Ming-yuan,et al.Characterizationand calibration method of satellite sensor radiometric calibration site[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2015,38(7):24-27.王敏,周树道,何明元,等.国内外卫星遥感器辐射定标场地特性比较分析[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2015,38(7):24-27.
[7]LI Xin,ZHENG Xiao-bing,YIN Ya-peng.Progress in automated site vicarious calibration technologies[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2014,9(1):17-21.李新,郑小兵,尹亚鹏.场地自动化定标技术进展[J].大气与环境光学学报,2014,9(1):17-21.
[8]LI Xin,XUN Li-na,LIU En-chao,et al.Development of automated self-calibration spectra-radiometer[C].SPIE,2016,10155:101553W.
[9]CZAPLA-MYERS J S,THOME K J,LESSO N P.Radiometric calibration of earth-observing sensors using an automated test site at Railroad Valley,Nevada[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,36(5):474-487.
[10]CZAPLA-MYERS J S.Automated ground-based methodology in support of vicarious calibration[D].Tucson:The University of Arizona,2006:41-43,54-57.
[11]SCHMECHTIG C,SANTER R P,ROGER J C,et al.Automatic ground-based station for vicarious calibration[C].SPIE,1997,3221:309-303.
[12]KEROLA D X,BRUEGGE C J,GROSS H N,et al..On-orbit calibration of the EO-1 Hyperion and advanced land imager(ALI)sensors using the LED spectrometer(LSpec)automated facility[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2009,47(4):1244-1255.
[13]QIU Gang-gang,LI Xin,WEI Wei,et al.Experiment and analysis of on-orbit radiometric calibration for remote sensors based on in-site automated observation technology[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2016,36(7):0701001.邱刚刚,李新,韦玮等.基于场地自动化观测技术的遥感器在轨辐射定标实验与分析[J].光学学报,2016,36(7):0701001.
[14]DAI Cai-hong,YU Jia-lin,YU Jing,et al.Calculation of the equivalent radiation plane for the spherical entrance optics[J].Acta Metrologrica Sinica,2006,27(3):236-240.代彩红,于家琳,于靖,等.球冠型入射光学系统中等效辐射平面位置的计算[J].计量学报,2006,27(3):236-240.
[15]SHI Shun-xiang,WANG Xue-en,LIU Jin-song.Physical optics and applied optics[M].Xi′an:Xidian University Press,2008,332-336.石顺祥,王学恩,刘劲松.物理光学与应用光学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008,332-336.
[16]JIN Wei-qi,HU Wei-jie.Radiometry,luminance and chromaticity[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2003,34.金伟其,胡威捷.辐射度光度与色度及其测量[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003,34.
[17]LI Xin,ZHENG Xiao-bing,HONG Jin,et al.Optical and mechanical design of SWIR hyperspectral field spectroradiometer[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2007,15(11):1656-1661.李新,郑小兵,洪津,等.高光谱短波红外地物光谱仪光机设计[J].光学精密工程,2007,15(11):1656-1661.
[18]LIU En-chao,LI Xin,WEI Wei,et al.Automatic field calibration and analysis of satellite based on hyper-spectral ratio radiometer[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2016,36(12):4076-4081.刘恩超,李新,韦玮,等.基于超光谱比值辐射仪的卫星自动化场地定标与分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2016,36(12):4076-4081.
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