沉积条件和埋藏过程对深层地层超压的影响
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摘要
针对沉积条件和埋藏过程对深层地层超压影响缺乏定量化的认识问题,通过构建反映不同沉积条件和不同埋藏过程的地质模型,运用盆地模拟软件数值模拟了不同岩性组合、不同上覆盖层厚度、不同埋藏方式和不同沉积速率条件下深层不同岩性地层超压的分布,并定量分析总结了沉积条件和埋藏过程对深层地层超压的影响。结果表明,随着沉积速率和上覆盖层厚度的各自增大,深层地层中形成的超压强度都会随之增大,并且这种增大作用在深层泥岩中比在深层砂岩中稍大;随着地层中泥岩含量的增大,深层地层中形成的超压强度也会随之增大,相比沉积速率和上覆盖层厚度,地层中泥岩含量的增大引起的深层地层中超压强度的增大作用更为明显;地层埋藏方式的改变可不同程度地引起深层地层中超压强度的改变,这种超压强度的大小改变规律在深层砂岩和泥岩之间、深层不同埋深泥岩之间不一定具有一致性,这与不同埋藏方式下地层中超压的形成同时受到多种演变规律不同因素的叠加效应有关。该研究可为深化认识深层地层超压的形成机制提供重要依据。
In order to deal with the problem of lacking quantitative analysis about the effect of sedimentary conditions and burial process on layers overpressure in deep zones,the geology models of different sedimentary conditions and different burial progress has been established in this paper.And then,the numerical simulation about the overpressure distribution of different lithology layers on the conditions of different lithological associations,different thicknesses of overlying cap rock,different burial ways and different sedimentary velocities have been used to quantitatively analyze and summary the effect of sedimentary conditions and burial process on layers overpressure in deep zones.The results show that the overpressure magnitude in the layers become bigger with the increase of sedimentary velocity and overlying cap rock depth,and this increase effect in the mudstones are higher than that in the sandstones.The overpressure magnitude in the layers also become bigger as the mudstone content in the layer becomes bigger,and the increase effect of overpressure in the layers due to the increase of mudstone content in the layer are more obvious than that caused by the increase of sedimentary velocity and overlying cap rock depth.The changes of burial way can cause the change of overpressure in the deep layers,and this changing rule is not necessarily consistent between sandstone and mudstone or between the mudstones of different depths,which relates with the superimposed effect of multi-factors,having different effect rules on the overpressure in the layer under the conditions of different burial ways.This study may supply the important evidence for deepening the understanding of genetic mechanism of overpressure in the deep zones.
In order to deal with the problem of lacking quantitative analysis about the effect of sedimentary conditions and burial process on layers overpressure in deep zones,the geology models of different sedimentary conditions and different burial progress has been established in this paper.And then,the numerical simulation about the overpressure distribution of different lithology layers on the conditions of different lithological associations,different thicknesses of overlying cap rock,different burial ways and different sedimentary velocities have been used to quantitatively analyze and summary the effect of sedimentary conditions and burial process on layers overpressure in deep zones.The results show that the overpressure magnitude in the layers become bigger with the increase of sedimentary velocity and overlying cap rock depth,and this increase effect in the mudstones are higher than that in the sandstones.The overpressure magnitude in the layers also become bigger as the mudstone content in the layer becomes bigger,and the increase effect of overpressure in the layers due to the increase of mudstone content in the layer are more obvious than that caused by the increase of sedimentary velocity and overlying cap rock depth.The changes of burial way can cause the change of overpressure in the deep layers,and this changing rule is not necessarily consistent between sandstone and mudstone or between the mudstones of different depths,which relates with the superimposed effect of multi-factors,having different effect rules on the overpressure in the layer under the conditions of different burial ways.This study may supply the important evidence for deepening the understanding of genetic mechanism of overpressure in the deep zones.
引文
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何小胡,刘震,梁全胜,等.沉积地层埋藏过程对泥岩压实作用的影响[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学),2010,17(4):167-173.HE Xiaohu,LIU Zhen,LIANG Quansheng,et al.The influence of burial history on mudstone compaction[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(4):167-173.
张凤奇,王震亮,钟红利,等.沉积盆地主要超压成因机制识别模式及贡献[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1151-1158.ZHANG F Q,WANG Z L,ZHONG H L,et al.Recognition model and contribution evaluation of main overpressure formation mechanisms in sedimentary Basins[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6),1151-1158.
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GUO X W,HE S,LI,K Y,et al.Oil generation as the dominant overpressure mechanism in the Cenozoic Dongying depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].AAPG Bull,2010,94,1859-1881.
GOULTY N R,SARGENT C,ANDRAS P,et al.Compaction of diagenetically altered mudstones-Part 1:Mechanical and chemical contributions[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,77,703-713.
TINGAY M R P,HILLS R R,SWARBRICK R E,et al.Origin of overpressure and pore-pressure prediction in the Baram province,Brunei[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(1):51-74.
TINGAY M R P,MORLEY C K,LAIRD A,et al.Evidence for overpressure generation by kerogen-to-gas maturation in the northern Malay Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(4):639-672.
GUO X W,LIU K Y,JIA C Z,et al.Constraining tectonic compression processes by reservoir pressure evolution:Overpressure generation and evolution in the Kelasu Thrust Belt of Kuqa Foreland Basin,NW China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,72,30-44.
OSBORNE M J,SWARBRICK R E.Mechanisms for generating overpressure in sedimentary basins:A Reevaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:1023-1041.
HAO F,ZOU H Y,GONG Z S,et al.Hierarchies of overpressure retardation of organic matter maturation:Case studies from petroleum basin in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(10):1467-1498.
张光亚,马锋,梁英波,等.全球深层油气勘探领域及理论技术进展[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1156-1166.ZHANG Guangya,MA Feng,LIANG Yingbo,et al.Domain and theory-technology process of global deep oil&gas exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1156-1166.
边光辉,操应长,贾珍臻,等.含油气盆地中深层碎屑岩储层异常高孔带研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(1):28-42.BIAN Guanghui,CAO Yingchang,JIA Zhenzhen,et al.Research progress on anomalously high porosity zones in deeply buried clastic reservoirs in petroliferous basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(1):28-42.
冯佳睿,高志勇,崔京钢,等.深层、超深层碎屑岩储层勘探现状与研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2016,31(7):718-736.FENG Jiarui,GAO Zhiyong,CUI Jinggang,et al.The exploration status and research advances of deep and ultradeep clastic reservoirs[J].Advances in Earth Science,2016,31(7):718-736.
贾承造,庞雄奇.深层油气地质理论研究进展与主要发展方向[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1457-1469.JIA Chengzao,PANG Xiongqi.Research processes and main development directions of deep hydrocarbon geological theories[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1457-1469.
罗晓容,张立宽,付晓飞,等.深层油气成藏动力学研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(5):876-889.LUO Xiaorong,ZHANG Likuan,FU Xiaofei,et al.Advances in dynamics of petroleum migration and accumulation in deep basins[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2016,35(5):876-889.
汪文洋,庞雄奇,武鲁亚,等.全球含油气盆地深层与中浅层油气藏压力分布特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(增刊2):194-202.WANG Wenyang,PANG Xiongqi,WU Luya,et al.Pressure distribution features of deep and middle-shallow hydrocarbon reservoir in global oil and gas-bearing basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S2):194-202.
张凤奇,王震亮,赵雪娇,等.库车坳陷迪那2气田异常高压成因机制及其与油气成藏的关系[J].石油学报,2012,33(5):739-747.ZHANG F Q,WANG Z L,ZHAO X J,et al.Genetic mechanism of overpressure and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in Dina-2gasfield,Kuqa depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33,739-747.
高胜利,姚文宏,朱广社.四川盆地中西部地区上三叠统压力特征与油气运聚[J].西北地质,2004,37(1):75-79.GAO Shengli,YAO Wenhong,ZHU Guangshe.Pressure features of Upper Triassic series of middle-west Sichuan basin and the assemble of oiland nature gas[J].Northwestern Geology,2004,37(1):75-79.
何小胡,刘震,梁全胜,等.沉积地层埋藏过程对泥岩压实作用的影响[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学),2010,17(4):167-173.HE Xiaohu,LIU Zhen,LIANG Quansheng,et al.The influence of burial history on mudstone compaction[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(4):167-173.
张凤奇,王震亮,钟红利,等.沉积盆地主要超压成因机制识别模式及贡献[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1151-1158.ZHANG F Q,WANG Z L,ZHONG H L,et al.Recognition model and contribution evaluation of main overpressure formation mechanisms in sedimentary Basins[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6),1151-1158.
VEJBAEK O V.Disequilibrium compaction as the cause for Cretaceous-Paleogene overpressures in the Danish North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(2):165-180.
LUO X R,WANG Z M,ZHANG L Q,et al.Overpressure generation and evolution in a compressional tectonic setting,the southern margin of Junggar Basin,northwestern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91,1123-1139.
ALLWARDT J R,MICHAEL G E,SHEARER C R,et al.2Dmodeling of overpressure in a salt withdrawal basin,Gulf of Mexico,USA[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26:464-473.
TERZAGHI K.Theoretical soil mechanics[M].John Wiley and Sons,New York,1943,510.
UNGERER P,BURRUS J,DOLIGEZ B,et al.Basin evaluation by integrated two-dimensional modeling of heat transfer,fluid Flow,hydrocarbon generation,and migration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(3):309-335.
AZIZ K,SETTARI A.Petroleum Reservoir Simulation[M].Elsevier Applied Science Publishers,London,1979,476.
FREEZE R A,CHERRY J A.Groundwater[M].Prentice Hall,New Jersey,1979,604.
GUO X W,HE S,LI,K Y,et al.Oil generation as the dominant overpressure mechanism in the Cenozoic Dongying depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China[J].AAPG Bull,2010,94,1859-1881.
GOULTY N R,SARGENT C,ANDRAS P,et al.Compaction of diagenetically altered mudstones-Part 1:Mechanical and chemical contributions[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,77,703-713.
TINGAY M R P,HILLS R R,SWARBRICK R E,et al.Origin of overpressure and pore-pressure prediction in the Baram province,Brunei[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(1):51-74.
TINGAY M R P,MORLEY C K,LAIRD A,et al.Evidence for overpressure generation by kerogen-to-gas maturation in the northern Malay Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(4):639-672.
GUO X W,LIU K Y,JIA C Z,et al.Constraining tectonic compression processes by reservoir pressure evolution:Overpressure generation and evolution in the Kelasu Thrust Belt of Kuqa Foreland Basin,NW China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,72,30-44.
OSBORNE M J,SWARBRICK R E.Mechanisms for generating overpressure in sedimentary basins:A Reevaluation[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81:1023-1041.
HAO F,ZOU H Y,GONG Z S,et al.Hierarchies of overpressure retardation of organic matter maturation:Case studies from petroleum basin in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(10):1467-1498.