碳在超级贝氏体钢中的作用
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摘要
超级贝氏体由极细条状贝氏体铁素体与膜状残留奥氏体组成,具有优异的强度和韧性等。本文综合论述了高强度高韧性超级贝氏体钢近十年来的化学成分调整、显微组织及力学性能变化等方面的重要研究成果,重点阐述了碳含量与超级贝氏体钢的组织及性能的重要关系,分析了以调整碳含量为基础的成分改良以及相应的新工艺措施,为解决超级贝氏体钢性能的不足,提高其工业的实用性,提供有意义的理论和工艺支持。
A new generation of super bainite with nanosized bainite plates separated by retained austenite films has awakened a great interest in recent years due to its excellent mechanical properties of both ultrahigh strength and toughness. The important research results of the super bainite on chemical composition optimization, microstructure and mechanical properties improvement in the past decade have been summarized and analyzed in this paper. The relationship between carbon content,microstructure and properties has been highlighted. The various processes are also considered to solve the problems of the super bainite. This paper provides the theoretical and technical support for future commercial application of the super bainite steel.
A new generation of super bainite with nanosized bainite plates separated by retained austenite films has awakened a great interest in recent years due to its excellent mechanical properties of both ultrahigh strength and toughness. The important research results of the super bainite on chemical composition optimization, microstructure and mechanical properties improvement in the past decade have been summarized and analyzed in this paper. The relationship between carbon content,microstructure and properties has been highlighted. The various processes are also considered to solve the problems of the super bainite. This paper provides the theoretical and technical support for future commercial application of the super bainite steel.
引文
[1]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Babu S S,et al.Atomic scale observations of bainite transformation in a high carbon high silicon steel[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(1):381-390.
[2]徐光,操龙飞,补邹华,等.超级贝氏体钢的现状与进展[J].特殊钢,2012,33(1):18-21.Xu Guang,Cao Longfei,Bu Zonghua,et al.Status and progress of super-bainitic steels[J].Special Steel,2012,33(1):18-21.
[3]刘忠侠,顾海澄.控冷处理对中高碳Si-Mn无碳化物贝氏体钢的组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2005,30(5):52-57.Liu Zhongxia,Gu Haicheng.Effect of controlled cooling treatment on the microstructure and properties of medium-high carbon Si-Mn steels[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2005,30(5):52-57.
[4]Avishan B,Garcia-Mateo C,Morales-Rivas L,et al.Strengthening and mechanical stability mechanisms in nanostructured bainite[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(18):6121-6132.
[5]王天生,杨雪梅,李喜月,等.60Si2CrVA钢的低温贝氏体组织[J].金属热处理,2005,30(3):49-51.Wang Tiansheng,Yang Xuemei,Li Xiyue,et al.Low temperature bainitic microstructure in 60Si2Cr VA steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2005,30(3):49-51.
[6]Caballero F G,Bhadeshia H K D H.Very strong bainite[J].Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science,2004,8(3/4):251-257.
[7]刘澄,赵毅红,陈荣发,等.钢中超级贝氏体组织形态与力学性能[J].金属热处理,2013,38(11):7-10.Liu Cheng,Zhao Yihong,Chen Rongfa,et al.Microstructural morphology and mechanical properties of super bainite in steels[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(11):7-10.
[8]Avishan B,Garcia-Mateo C,Yazdani S,et al.Retained austenite thermal stability in a nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Materials Characterization,2013,81:105-110.
[9]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G,Sourmail T,et al.Tensile behaviour of a nanocrystalline steel containing 3wt%silicon[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,549:185-192.
[10]Yang J,Wang T S,Zhang B,et al.High-cycle bending fatigue behaviour of nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,66(6):363-366.
[11]Caballero F G,Chao J,Cornide J,et al.Toughness deterioration inadvanced high strength bainitic steels[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,525(1/2):87-95.
[12]补丛华,徐光,刘峰,等.低温变形对Fe-C-Mn-Si超级贝氏体钢组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2011,36(12):23-26.Bu Conghua,Xu Guang,Liu Feng,et al.Effect of low temperature deformation on microstructure of Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainite steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2011,36(12):23-26.
[13]Caballero F G,Garcia-Mateo C,Chao J,et al.Effects of morphology and stability of retained austenite on the ductility of TRIP-aided bainitic steels[J].ISIJ International,2008,48(9):1256-1262.
[14]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G,Capdevila C,et al.Estimation of dislocation density in bainitic microstructures using high-resolution dilatometry[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,61(9):855-858.
[15]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G,Chao J,et al.Mechanical stability of retained austenite during plastic deformation of super high strength carbide free bainitic steels[J].Journal of Materials Science,2009,44(7):4617-4624.
[16]Liu C,Zhao Z B,Bhole S D.Lathlike upper bainite in a silicon steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2006,434(1/2):289-293.
[17]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G.Ultra-high-strength bainitic steels[J].ISIJ International,2005,45(11):1736-1740.
[18]Hu F,Wu K M.Nanostructured high-carbon dual-phase steels[J].Scripta Materialia,2011,65(4):351-354.
[19]Wu H,Liu C,Zhao Z B.Design of air-cooled bainitic microalloyed steel for a heavy truck front axle beam[J].Materials and Design,2006,27(8):651-656.
[20]Fang K,Yang J G,Liu X S,et al.Regeneration technique for welding nanostructured bainite[J].Materials and Design,2013,50:38-43.
[21]Liu C,Bhole S D.Challenges and developments in pipeline weldability and mechanical properties[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2013,18(5):169-181.
[22]Amel-Farzad H,Faridi H R,Rajabpour F,et al.Developing very hard nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2013,559:68-73.
[23]Yoozbashi M N,Yazdani S.Mechanical properties of nanostructured low temperature bainitic steel designed using a thermodynamic model[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2010,527(13/14):3200-3205.
[24]Caballero F G,Santofimia M J,Garcia-Mateo C,et al.Theoretical design and advanced microstructure in super high strength steels[J].Materials and Design,2009,30(6):2077-2083.
[25]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Clarke A J,et al.Examination of carbon partitioning into austenite during tempering of bainite[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63(4):442-445.
[26]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Garcia-Mateo C,et al.New experimental evidence of the diffusionless transformation nature of bainite[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,577(S1):626-630.
[27]Zhao Z B,Guan X,Wan C J.A re-examination of the B0and BS temperatures of steel[J].Materials and Design,2000,21(3):207-209.
[28]Gong W,Tomota Y,Koo M S,et al.Effect of ausforming on nanobainite steel[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63(8):819-822.
[29]Hulme-Smith C N,Lonardelli I,Peet M J,et al.Enhanced thermal stability in nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Scripta Materialia,2013,69(2):191-194.
[30]熊自柳,蔡庆伍,江海涛,等.超高强TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2009,34(9):83-87.Xiong Ziliu,Cai Qingwu,Jiang Haitao,et al.Influence of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of super strength TRIP steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2009,34(9):83-87.
[31]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Garcia-Mateo C,et al.Temperature dependence of carbon supersaturation of ferrite in bainitic steels[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,67(10):846-849.
[32]李壮,吴迪.TRIP钢热变形等温淬火[J].金属热处理,2008,33(2):72-75.Li Zhuang,Wu Di.Hot deformation and subsequent austempering of TRIP steels[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(2):72-75.
[33]Caballero F G,Santofimia M J,Capdevila C,et al.Design of advanced bainitic steels by optimization of TTT diagrams and T0curves[J].ISIJ International,2006,46(10):1479-1488.
[34]Wu Hua,Zhao Bin,Hua Gao,et al.Microstructure and fatigue fracture of spot welded TRIP800 steel[C]//The 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering,Materials and Energy,Singapore,2014.
[35]邹宏辉,符仁钰,李麟,等.低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2008,33(3):59-62.Zou Honghui,Fu Renyu,Li Lin,et al.Effect of heat treatment technology on microstructure of low carbon Si-Mn TRIP steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(3):59-62.
[36]Caballero F G,Allain S,Puerta-Velasquez J D,et al.Exploring carbide-free bainitic structures for hot dip galvanizing products[J].ISIJ International,2013,53(7):1253-1259.
[37]王凤琪,徐光,陈静,等.C-Mn-Si系超级贝氏体钢连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线[J].特殊钢,2012,33(2):68-70.Wang Fengqi,Xu Guang,Chen Jing,et al.Continuous cooling transformation curves of C-Mn-Si series super-bainite steel[J].Special Steel,2012,33(2):68-70.
[38]王六定,朱明,陈景东,等.低碳超高强度钢的组织细化[J].材料热处理学报,2007,28(5):42-45.Wang Liuding,Zhu Ming,Chen Jingdong,et al.Refinement of structure for low-carbon ultra-high strength bainite steels[J].Transactions of Matreials and Heat Treatmeant,2007,28(5):42-45.
[39]苏钰,张梅,符仁钰,等.低碳低硅600 MPaTRIP-SH钢的疲劳性能研究[J].金属热处理,2008,33(8):25-29.Su Yu,Zhang Mei,Fu Renyu,et al.Fatigue properties of low-carbon low-silicon TRIP-SH steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(8):25-29.
[40]艾地,刘耀东,刘晓东,等.ZG75Si2Mn1CrB钢的等温淬火工艺[J].金属热处理,2013,38(4):57-59.Ai Di,Liu Yaodong,Liu Xiaodong,et al.Austempering process of ZG75Si2Mn1Cr B steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(4):57-59.
[2]徐光,操龙飞,补邹华,等.超级贝氏体钢的现状与进展[J].特殊钢,2012,33(1):18-21.Xu Guang,Cao Longfei,Bu Zonghua,et al.Status and progress of super-bainitic steels[J].Special Steel,2012,33(1):18-21.
[3]刘忠侠,顾海澄.控冷处理对中高碳Si-Mn无碳化物贝氏体钢的组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2005,30(5):52-57.Liu Zhongxia,Gu Haicheng.Effect of controlled cooling treatment on the microstructure and properties of medium-high carbon Si-Mn steels[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2005,30(5):52-57.
[4]Avishan B,Garcia-Mateo C,Morales-Rivas L,et al.Strengthening and mechanical stability mechanisms in nanostructured bainite[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(18):6121-6132.
[5]王天生,杨雪梅,李喜月,等.60Si2CrVA钢的低温贝氏体组织[J].金属热处理,2005,30(3):49-51.Wang Tiansheng,Yang Xuemei,Li Xiyue,et al.Low temperature bainitic microstructure in 60Si2Cr VA steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2005,30(3):49-51.
[6]Caballero F G,Bhadeshia H K D H.Very strong bainite[J].Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science,2004,8(3/4):251-257.
[7]刘澄,赵毅红,陈荣发,等.钢中超级贝氏体组织形态与力学性能[J].金属热处理,2013,38(11):7-10.Liu Cheng,Zhao Yihong,Chen Rongfa,et al.Microstructural morphology and mechanical properties of super bainite in steels[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(11):7-10.
[8]Avishan B,Garcia-Mateo C,Yazdani S,et al.Retained austenite thermal stability in a nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Materials Characterization,2013,81:105-110.
[9]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G,Sourmail T,et al.Tensile behaviour of a nanocrystalline steel containing 3wt%silicon[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,549:185-192.
[10]Yang J,Wang T S,Zhang B,et al.High-cycle bending fatigue behaviour of nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,66(6):363-366.
[11]Caballero F G,Chao J,Cornide J,et al.Toughness deterioration inadvanced high strength bainitic steels[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,525(1/2):87-95.
[12]补丛华,徐光,刘峰,等.低温变形对Fe-C-Mn-Si超级贝氏体钢组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2011,36(12):23-26.Bu Conghua,Xu Guang,Liu Feng,et al.Effect of low temperature deformation on microstructure of Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainite steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2011,36(12):23-26.
[13]Caballero F G,Garcia-Mateo C,Chao J,et al.Effects of morphology and stability of retained austenite on the ductility of TRIP-aided bainitic steels[J].ISIJ International,2008,48(9):1256-1262.
[14]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G,Capdevila C,et al.Estimation of dislocation density in bainitic microstructures using high-resolution dilatometry[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,61(9):855-858.
[15]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G,Chao J,et al.Mechanical stability of retained austenite during plastic deformation of super high strength carbide free bainitic steels[J].Journal of Materials Science,2009,44(7):4617-4624.
[16]Liu C,Zhao Z B,Bhole S D.Lathlike upper bainite in a silicon steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2006,434(1/2):289-293.
[17]Garcia-Mateo C,Caballero F G.Ultra-high-strength bainitic steels[J].ISIJ International,2005,45(11):1736-1740.
[18]Hu F,Wu K M.Nanostructured high-carbon dual-phase steels[J].Scripta Materialia,2011,65(4):351-354.
[19]Wu H,Liu C,Zhao Z B.Design of air-cooled bainitic microalloyed steel for a heavy truck front axle beam[J].Materials and Design,2006,27(8):651-656.
[20]Fang K,Yang J G,Liu X S,et al.Regeneration technique for welding nanostructured bainite[J].Materials and Design,2013,50:38-43.
[21]Liu C,Bhole S D.Challenges and developments in pipeline weldability and mechanical properties[J].Science and Technology of Welding and Joining,2013,18(5):169-181.
[22]Amel-Farzad H,Faridi H R,Rajabpour F,et al.Developing very hard nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2013,559:68-73.
[23]Yoozbashi M N,Yazdani S.Mechanical properties of nanostructured low temperature bainitic steel designed using a thermodynamic model[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2010,527(13/14):3200-3205.
[24]Caballero F G,Santofimia M J,Garcia-Mateo C,et al.Theoretical design and advanced microstructure in super high strength steels[J].Materials and Design,2009,30(6):2077-2083.
[25]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Clarke A J,et al.Examination of carbon partitioning into austenite during tempering of bainite[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63(4):442-445.
[26]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Garcia-Mateo C,et al.New experimental evidence of the diffusionless transformation nature of bainite[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,577(S1):626-630.
[27]Zhao Z B,Guan X,Wan C J.A re-examination of the B0and BS temperatures of steel[J].Materials and Design,2000,21(3):207-209.
[28]Gong W,Tomota Y,Koo M S,et al.Effect of ausforming on nanobainite steel[J].Scripta Materialia,2010,63(8):819-822.
[29]Hulme-Smith C N,Lonardelli I,Peet M J,et al.Enhanced thermal stability in nanostructured bainitic steel[J].Scripta Materialia,2013,69(2):191-194.
[30]熊自柳,蔡庆伍,江海涛,等.超高强TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织与力学性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2009,34(9):83-87.Xiong Ziliu,Cai Qingwu,Jiang Haitao,et al.Influence of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of super strength TRIP steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2009,34(9):83-87.
[31]Caballero F G,Miller M K,Garcia-Mateo C,et al.Temperature dependence of carbon supersaturation of ferrite in bainitic steels[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,67(10):846-849.
[32]李壮,吴迪.TRIP钢热变形等温淬火[J].金属热处理,2008,33(2):72-75.Li Zhuang,Wu Di.Hot deformation and subsequent austempering of TRIP steels[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(2):72-75.
[33]Caballero F G,Santofimia M J,Capdevila C,et al.Design of advanced bainitic steels by optimization of TTT diagrams and T0curves[J].ISIJ International,2006,46(10):1479-1488.
[34]Wu Hua,Zhao Bin,Hua Gao,et al.Microstructure and fatigue fracture of spot welded TRIP800 steel[C]//The 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering,Materials and Energy,Singapore,2014.
[35]邹宏辉,符仁钰,李麟,等.低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢的热处理工艺对组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2008,33(3):59-62.Zou Honghui,Fu Renyu,Li Lin,et al.Effect of heat treatment technology on microstructure of low carbon Si-Mn TRIP steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(3):59-62.
[36]Caballero F G,Allain S,Puerta-Velasquez J D,et al.Exploring carbide-free bainitic structures for hot dip galvanizing products[J].ISIJ International,2013,53(7):1253-1259.
[37]王凤琪,徐光,陈静,等.C-Mn-Si系超级贝氏体钢连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线[J].特殊钢,2012,33(2):68-70.Wang Fengqi,Xu Guang,Chen Jing,et al.Continuous cooling transformation curves of C-Mn-Si series super-bainite steel[J].Special Steel,2012,33(2):68-70.
[38]王六定,朱明,陈景东,等.低碳超高强度钢的组织细化[J].材料热处理学报,2007,28(5):42-45.Wang Liuding,Zhu Ming,Chen Jingdong,et al.Refinement of structure for low-carbon ultra-high strength bainite steels[J].Transactions of Matreials and Heat Treatmeant,2007,28(5):42-45.
[39]苏钰,张梅,符仁钰,等.低碳低硅600 MPaTRIP-SH钢的疲劳性能研究[J].金属热处理,2008,33(8):25-29.Su Yu,Zhang Mei,Fu Renyu,et al.Fatigue properties of low-carbon low-silicon TRIP-SH steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2008,33(8):25-29.
[40]艾地,刘耀东,刘晓东,等.ZG75Si2Mn1CrB钢的等温淬火工艺[J].金属热处理,2013,38(4):57-59.Ai Di,Liu Yaodong,Liu Xiaodong,et al.Austempering process of ZG75Si2Mn1Cr B steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(4):57-59.