昆虫复眼结构及视觉导航研究进展
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摘要
复眼是昆虫主要的视觉器官,具有感受物体的大小、形状和颜色等功能。研究复眼结构是了解昆虫感光机制的基础,进而明确视觉信号在昆虫行为中的作用。昆虫的复眼包括了重叠像眼和并列像眼两种类型,重叠像眼具有聚光作用,可以感受到低强度的光,但是分辨率较低;并列像眼没有聚光作用,分辨率较高。大多数白天活动的昆虫具有并列像眼,夜晚活动的昆虫具有重叠像眼。分子生物学、视网膜电位和行为学研究结果均表明昆虫对紫外、蓝和绿光最敏感。昆虫利用天体和地面目标物信号定向和导航,依靠天体发出的偏振光和地面目标物与背景颜色的对比度进行视觉判断,对于任何一种昆虫,这两种信号都可能同时应用。视觉信号在昆虫定位植物寄主、寻找配偶和产卵过程中起着至关重要的作用,不能低估昆虫视觉能力的作用。利用昆虫对不同波长光波的趋性,研制专一性强的诱捕装置,可为害虫的无公害防治提供理论基础。
The compound eye is the main visual organ of insects and has the function of sensing size, shape and color.Research on the compound eye's structure is the basis for understanding insect vision and the role of the visual cues in insect behavior. Compound eyes are usually categorized into two major types; apposition, and superposition, eyes. Superposition eyes perform well in low intensity light but have low resolution, whereas apposition eyes do not perform as well in low intensity light but have higher resolution. Most diurnal insects have apposition eyes whereas superposition eyes are mainly found in nocturnal species. Molecular biology, electroantennogram experiments and behavioral analyses reveal that insects are most sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and green light. Insects use celestial cues and ground targets for orientation and navigation,including the polarization of light from celestial bodies and the contrast between landmarks and background color. Different kinds of cues may be used simultaneously. Vision plays a crucial role in the process of finding hosts, mates and oviposition sites, and should not be underestimated in entomological research. Knowledge of phototaxis can provide a theoretical basis for the environmentally-friendly control of pests, such as developing species-specific traps.
The compound eye is the main visual organ of insects and has the function of sensing size, shape and color.Research on the compound eye's structure is the basis for understanding insect vision and the role of the visual cues in insect behavior. Compound eyes are usually categorized into two major types; apposition, and superposition, eyes. Superposition eyes perform well in low intensity light but have low resolution, whereas apposition eyes do not perform as well in low intensity light but have higher resolution. Most diurnal insects have apposition eyes whereas superposition eyes are mainly found in nocturnal species. Molecular biology, electroantennogram experiments and behavioral analyses reveal that insects are most sensitive to ultraviolet, blue and green light. Insects use celestial cues and ground targets for orientation and navigation,including the polarization of light from celestial bodies and the contrast between landmarks and background color. Different kinds of cues may be used simultaneously. Vision plays a crucial role in the process of finding hosts, mates and oviposition sites, and should not be underestimated in entomological research. Knowledge of phototaxis can provide a theoretical basis for the environmentally-friendly control of pests, such as developing species-specific traps.
引文
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