不同模式低地板车辆动力学及车轮磨耗分析
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摘要
为降低70%低地板有轨电车的车轮磨耗,分析了刚性轮对与独立旋转车轮的导向机理,建立了拖车采用传统刚性轮对与拖车采用独立旋转车轮的两种车辆模型,计算了两种车辆模型在不同工况下的动力学性能,并根据Archard磨耗模型对比分析了两种模式下的车轮磨耗情况.计算结果表明:车辆直线运行时,拖车采用刚性轮对的车辆稳定性及横向平稳性较好,车轮磨耗位置居中且磨耗量小于独立旋转车轮;车辆运行于大半径曲线时采用刚性轮对的车辆曲线通过评价指标较好,磨耗量较独立旋转车轮小;随着曲线半径的减小,采用刚性轮对的车辆曲线通过性能迅速恶化而采用独立旋转车轮的车辆各指标变化幅度较小,在半径为100 m及以下的曲线时,采用独立旋转车轮的车辆曲线性能更优且车轮磨耗小于刚性轮对,特别在曲线半径为25 m时,独立旋转车轮磨耗量仅为刚性轮对的60%左右,拖车采用刚性轮对的车辆在直线及大半径曲线时性能较优,拖车采用独立旋转车轮的车辆更适用于小半径曲线.
In order to reduce wheel wear of 70% low-floor trams,the steering mechanisms of the rigid wheelset and independently rotating wheels were analyzed. Two vehicle models were considered,i.e. those with traditional rigid wheelsets and with independently rotating wheels in the trailer bogies. In addition, the dynamic performances of these models under different conditions were calculated and compared with wheel wear conditions based on the Archard wear model. The results show that when running on a straight line,the vehicle with rigid wheelsets has better stability and lateral comfort,the wear is located in the middle of the tread and the wear is less. On the other hand,when running on a curve with a large radius,the vehicle with the rigid wheelset shows relatively good stability,lateral comfort,and wear condition. However,with decreased curve radius,the curve performance of the vehicle with rigid wheelset deteriorates rapidly,while the vehicle with independently rotating wheels has smaller variations in all indicators. When radius is 100 m or less, the vehicle with independently rotating wheels has better curve performance and less wear. Especially when radius is 25 m,the wear of independently rotating wheels is approximately 60% of the wear of the rigid wheelset. Vehicles with trailers that adopted rigid wheelsets perform well on a straight line and large radius curve,whereas trailers with independently rotating wheels are more suitable for curves with smaller radius.
In order to reduce wheel wear of 70% low-floor trams,the steering mechanisms of the rigid wheelset and independently rotating wheels were analyzed. Two vehicle models were considered,i.e. those with traditional rigid wheelsets and with independently rotating wheels in the trailer bogies. In addition, the dynamic performances of these models under different conditions were calculated and compared with wheel wear conditions based on the Archard wear model. The results show that when running on a straight line,the vehicle with rigid wheelsets has better stability and lateral comfort,the wear is located in the middle of the tread and the wear is less. On the other hand,when running on a curve with a large radius,the vehicle with the rigid wheelset shows relatively good stability,lateral comfort,and wear condition. However,with decreased curve radius,the curve performance of the vehicle with rigid wheelset deteriorates rapidly,while the vehicle with independently rotating wheels has smaller variations in all indicators. When radius is 100 m or less, the vehicle with independently rotating wheels has better curve performance and less wear. Especially when radius is 25 m,the wear of independently rotating wheels is approximately 60% of the wear of the rigid wheelset. Vehicles with trailers that adopted rigid wheelsets perform well on a straight line and large radius curve,whereas trailers with independently rotating wheels are more suitable for curves with smaller radius.
引文
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[14]张济民,寇杰,周和超,等.差速器耦合轮对车辆曲线通过性能[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(10):94-99.ZHANG Jimin,KOU Jie,ZHOU Hechao,et al.Curving performance of the differential-coupled wheelset vehicle[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(10):94-99.
[15]黄运华,李芾,傅茂海.独立旋转车轮转向架横向动力学研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(3):254-259.HUANG Yunhua,LI Fu,FU Maohai.Lateral dynamics of bogies with independent wheels[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2002,37(3):254-259.
[16]王欢.100%低地板轻轨车辆结构型式与导向机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.
[2]SUDA Y,NISHIMURA R,KATO N,et al.Selfsteering trucks using unsymmetric suspension with independently rotating wheels-comparison between stand test and calculations[J].Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement,1999,33(1):180-190.
[3]黄运华,李芾,傅茂海.独立旋转车轮变轨距转向架[J].交通运输工程学报,2003,3(3):59-63.HUANG Yunhua,LI Fu,FU Maohai.Gauge-changeable bogie with independently rotating wheel[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2003,3(3):59-63.
[4]黄运华,李芾,傅茂海.独立旋转车轮转向架曲线通过性能研究[J].中国铁道科学,2001,22(6):7-12.HUANG Yunhua,LI Fu,FU Maohai.Research on curving performance of a bogie with independently rotating wheels[J].China Railway Science,2001,22(6):7-12.
[5]任利惠.独立车轮导向技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[6]沈刚,王浩川,韩明盛.具有独立轮轻轨列车的脱轨问题及轮缘侧面磨耗研究[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4):50-53.SHEN Gang,WANG Haochuan,HAN Mingsheng.Study on derailment and flange side-wear of tramway vehicles with independently-rotating wheels[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2006,28(4):50-53.
[7]刘启宾.基于Archard磨耗模型的合金钢心轨组合辙叉道岔钢轨磨耗研究[J].铁道建筑,2015(2):107-111.LIU Qibin.Research on turnout rail wearing of assembled frog with alloy steel point rail based on Archard wear model[J].Railway Engineering,2015(2):107-111.
[8]林凤涛.高速列车车轮磨耗及型面优化研究[D].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2014.
[9]International Union of Railways.UIC518 Testing and approval of railway vehicle from the point of view of their dynamic behavior-safety-track fatigue-ride quality[S].Paris:International Union of Railways,2009.
[10]国家标准局.铁道车辆动力学性能评定和实验鉴定规范:GB/T5599-85[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1985.
[11]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通技术规范:GB50490-2009[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[12]池茂儒,王开文,傅茂海.后轮对独立回转新型转向架轮轨横向力的分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2002,2(2):32-35.CHI Maoru,WANG Kaiwen,FU Maohai.Analysis on wheel-rail lateral force of the bogie with independently rotating wheels for rear wheelsets[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2002,2(2):32-35.
[13]任毅,李芾,黄运华.独立旋转车轮动力学性能研究[J].铁道机车车辆,2008,28(6):15-19.REN Yi,LI Fu,HUANG Yunhua.Dynamic characteristics of independently rotating wheels[J].Railway Locomotive and Car,2008,28(6):15-19.
[14]张济民,寇杰,周和超,等.差速器耦合轮对车辆曲线通过性能[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(10):94-99.ZHANG Jimin,KOU Jie,ZHOU Hechao,et al.Curving performance of the differential-coupled wheelset vehicle[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(10):94-99.
[15]黄运华,李芾,傅茂海.独立旋转车轮转向架横向动力学研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2002,37(3):254-259.HUANG Yunhua,LI Fu,FU Maohai.Lateral dynamics of bogies with independent wheels[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2002,37(3):254-259.
[16]王欢.100%低地板轻轨车辆结构型式与导向机理研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.
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