基于簧下设备弹性振动特性的轨道车辆动力学对比研究
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摘要
以某地铁探伤车搭载的探伤设备为研究对象,采用模态叠加法将柔性搭载架的物理坐标转换为模态坐标,建立车辆刚柔耦合动力学模型。在得到簧下设备线性响应的基础上,分别研究车轮不圆顺和轨道不平顺引起的簧下设备弹性振动,并对比分析簧下设备对原参数车辆、无簧下设备车辆和簧下设备增加弹性橡胶关节车辆3种车辆动力学模型稳定性、平稳性和曲线通过性的影响。结果表明:当车轮不圆顺激扰频率与簧下设备垂向振动固有频率一致时,簧下设备的振幅响应最大;当车速高于某特定值时,轨道不平顺的随机激扰能够激发出簧下设备的弹性振动,其振动能量集中于簧下设备垂向和横向的固有频率,且能量集中频率不随车速的变化而变化;簧下设备导致车辆稳定性和曲线通过性降低,但不影响车辆的运行平稳性;通过对簧下设备增加弹性橡胶关节悬挂,能使车辆的稳定性和曲线通过性得到有效改善。
The detection equipment on a metro flaw detection car was taken as the research object.The physical coordinates of the flexible carrier frame were transformed into modal coordinates by modal superposition method,and the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of vehicle was built.After obtaining the linear response of unsprung device,the elastic vibration of the unsprung device caused by wheel out-ofroundness and track irregularity was studied respectively.The influence of unsprung device on the stability,smoothness and curve negotiation of three kinds of vehicle dynamics models,namely,vehicle with original parameters,vehicle with no unsprung device and vehicle installing rubber joint on unsprung device,was also comparatively analysed.Results indicate that,when the excitation frequency of the wheel out-ofroundness is in accordance with the natural frequency of the vertical vibration of the unsprung device,the amplitude response of the unsprung device reaches its maximum value.When the speed is higher than a specific value,the elastic vibration of the unsprung device can be stimulated by the stochastic excitation of track irregularity.The vibration energy is concentrated on the vertical and horizontal natural frequencies of unsprung device.What's more,the frequency of the concentrated energy does not vary with the change of vehicle speed.The unsprung device reduces the stability and curve negotiation of vehicle,but it has little influence on the vehicle running smoothness.By installing the rubber joint suspension on the unsprung device,the stability and curve negotiation of vehicle can be effectively improved.
The detection equipment on a metro flaw detection car was taken as the research object.The physical coordinates of the flexible carrier frame were transformed into modal coordinates by modal superposition method,and the rigid-flexible coupling dynamics model of vehicle was built.After obtaining the linear response of unsprung device,the elastic vibration of the unsprung device caused by wheel out-ofroundness and track irregularity was studied respectively.The influence of unsprung device on the stability,smoothness and curve negotiation of three kinds of vehicle dynamics models,namely,vehicle with original parameters,vehicle with no unsprung device and vehicle installing rubber joint on unsprung device,was also comparatively analysed.Results indicate that,when the excitation frequency of the wheel out-ofroundness is in accordance with the natural frequency of the vertical vibration of the unsprung device,the amplitude response of the unsprung device reaches its maximum value.When the speed is higher than a specific value,the elastic vibration of the unsprung device can be stimulated by the stochastic excitation of track irregularity.The vibration energy is concentrated on the vertical and horizontal natural frequencies of unsprung device.What's more,the frequency of the concentrated energy does not vary with the change of vehicle speed.The unsprung device reduces the stability and curve negotiation of vehicle,but it has little influence on the vehicle running smoothness.By installing the rubber joint suspension on the unsprung device,the stability and curve negotiation of vehicle can be effectively improved.
引文
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[14]任尊松.车轮踏面三维扁疤轮轨系统冲击振动研究[J].机械工程学报,2018,54(15):78-85.(REN Zunsong.Study on Wheel/Rail Impact Dynamics with Three Dimensional Wheel Flat Model[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(15):78-85.in Chinese)
[2]曾京,罗仁.考虑车体弹性效应的铁道客车系统振动分析[J].铁道学报,2007,29(6):19-25.(ZENG Jing,LUO Ren.Vibration Analysis of Railway Passenger Car Systems by Considering Flexible Carbody Effect[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2007,29(6):19-25.in Chinese)
[3]宫岛,周劲松,孙文静,等.高速列车弹性车体与转向架耦合振动分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(4):41-47.(GONG Dao,ZHOU Jingsong,SUN Wenjing,et al.Coupled Vibration Analysis of Flexible Car Body and Bogie for High-Speed Train[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(4):41-47.in Chinese)
[4]朴明伟,任晋峰,李娜,等.基于空簧悬挂特性的高铁车辆垂向振动舒适性对比研究[J].中国铁道科学,2012,33(1):71-77.(PIAO Mingwei,REN Jinfeng,LI Na,et al.Comparative Study on Vertical Vibration Comfort of High-Speed Railway Vehicle Based on the Suspension Characteristics of Air Spring[J].China Railway Science,2012,33(1):71-77.in Chinese)
[5]阳光武,肖守讷,金鼎昌.基于弹性构架的地铁车辆动力学分析[J].中国铁道科学,2004,25(4):42-45.(YANG Guangwu,XIAO Shoune,JIN Dingchang.Dynamics Analysis of Subway Vehicle Based on Elastic Bogie[J].China Railway Science,2004,25(4):42-45.in Chinese)
[6]安琪,李芾,傅茂海.牵引电机振动对构架疲劳强度的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2010,45(2):209-212.(AN Qi,LI Fu,FU Maohai.Influence of Traction Motor Vibration on Bogie Frame Fatigue Strength[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2010,45(2):209-212.in Chinese)
[7]KUTI I.Simulation of Vehicle Motion on the Basis of the Finite Element Method[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2001,36(6):445-469.
[8]杨光,任尊松,孙守光.考虑弹性的高速旋转轮对振动特性研究[J].振动工程学报,2016,29(4):714-719.(YANG Guang,REN Zunsong,SUN Shouguang.Research on the Vibration Characteristics of High-Speed Rotation Elastic Wheelset[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2016,29(4):714-719.in Chinese)
[9]刘韦,马卫华,罗世辉,等.考虑轮对弹性的车轮振动及车轮多边形化对轮轨力影响研究[J].铁道学报,2013,35(6):28-34.(LIU Wei,MA Weihua,LUO Shihui,et al.Research on Influence of Wheel Vibration and Wheel Polygonization on Wheel-Rail Force in Consideration of Wheelset Elasticity[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(6):28-34.in Chinese)
[10]BAEZA L,FAYOS J,RODA A,et al.High Frequency Railway Vehicle-Track Dynamics through Flexible Rotating Wheelsets[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2008,46(7):647-662.
[11]YANG Shaopu,CHEN Liqun,LI Shaohua.Dynamics of Vehicle-Road Coupled System[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.
[12]MATHIAS G,MAHIR S.Simulation of the Riding Comfort of Railway Coaches[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2016,37(Supplement):630-640.
[13]UIC.UIC 518-2009Testing and Approval of Railway Vehicles from the Point of View of Their Dynamic BehaviourSafety-Track Fatigue-Running Behaviour[S].Paris,France:International Union of Railways,2009.
[14]任尊松.车轮踏面三维扁疤轮轨系统冲击振动研究[J].机械工程学报,2018,54(15):78-85.(REN Zunsong.Study on Wheel/Rail Impact Dynamics with Three Dimensional Wheel Flat Model[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(15):78-85.in Chinese)