论油气本源共同体——老油区发现新储量的探索思路
|
摘要
以克拉玛依油区为实例,提出了油气本源共同体新概念。指出深埋于新疆克拉玛依加依尔山下八大地质现象(巨大推覆体的加依尔山及其犁式断裂系统、玛湖新凹陷、山下古凹陷、中下地壳巨厚的低速高导层及其两侧的壳幔断裂、新疆隆起最高的莫霍面、深部上地幔软流圈形成隆起幅度达65 km的地幔柱),实际上就是生油—运移—散失—聚集—成藏—成带的隐工程。剖析这些深部构造后发现,裸露于加依尔山边百公里长多种类型丰富而罕见的油气苗和隐伏于地下沿克乌断裂带、玛湖断裂带聚集的油气富集带之油源,并非仅仅来自玛湖新凹陷,而更主要是来自深部三大烃灶(古凹陷内沉积物转化成烃、壳内低速高导层内由一氧化碳和氢合成幔源油气、地幔柱内由深部地幔流体聚合成烃碱流体),靠深、浅二套断裂系统上下沟通,形成既各自独立又相互联系、相互作用的不可分离的统一整体,即油气本源共同体。在我国华北、渤海湾、四川等油区都发育油气本源共同体,虽形态各异,但大同小异,提出应改变过去从上往下找油,顾上不顾下的传统做法,改为从下往上找油,上下兼顾的新思路。
Taking Karamay oilfield as an example,a new concept of oil and gas source community is proposed. Eight geological phenomena beneath the Gayer Mountain in Karamay( the huge nappe of Gayer Mountain,the plow-type fault system,the young sag of Mahu,the old sag of Shanxia,the thick low-velocity and high-conductivity layer in middle and lower crust,the crust-mantle fault besides the layer,the highest Moho surface in Xinjiang,up to 65 km high mantle plume from asthenosphere) constitute an integral hidden process of hydrocarbon generation-migration-loss-accumulation-entrapment. After analyzing these deep structures,the author realizes that the oil source which leads to hundreds kilometers long oil and gas seepage zones at the foot of Gayer mountain,oil and gas enrichment zones along Kewu fault zone and Mahu fault zone are not only from Mahu sag,but also mainly from three deep hydrocarbon kitchens: the hydrocarbons converted from sediments in the ancient sag,the mantle-derived hydrocarbons synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in low-velocity and high-conductivity layer in crusts,and the hydrocarbon-alkali fluids synthesized from deep mantle fluids in mantle plume. Three major source kitchens communicate with each other by two sets of fault systems of shallow fault system and deep fault system. These source kitchens are not only relatively independent,but also interact with each other. This inseparable unity is called oil and gas source community( OGSC). OGSC exists in many oil fields among China such as north China,Bohai bay and Sichuan oilfields. Different OGSCs have different shapes but generally similar. Traditional exploration method prospects from shallow strata to deep strata,focused on shallow strata. The exist of OGSC claims geologist to prospects from deep strata to shallow strata,a principle of " shallow-deep combination" should be complied.
Taking Karamay oilfield as an example,a new concept of oil and gas source community is proposed. Eight geological phenomena beneath the Gayer Mountain in Karamay( the huge nappe of Gayer Mountain,the plow-type fault system,the young sag of Mahu,the old sag of Shanxia,the thick low-velocity and high-conductivity layer in middle and lower crust,the crust-mantle fault besides the layer,the highest Moho surface in Xinjiang,up to 65 km high mantle plume from asthenosphere) constitute an integral hidden process of hydrocarbon generation-migration-loss-accumulation-entrapment. After analyzing these deep structures,the author realizes that the oil source which leads to hundreds kilometers long oil and gas seepage zones at the foot of Gayer mountain,oil and gas enrichment zones along Kewu fault zone and Mahu fault zone are not only from Mahu sag,but also mainly from three deep hydrocarbon kitchens: the hydrocarbons converted from sediments in the ancient sag,the mantle-derived hydrocarbons synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in low-velocity and high-conductivity layer in crusts,and the hydrocarbon-alkali fluids synthesized from deep mantle fluids in mantle plume. Three major source kitchens communicate with each other by two sets of fault systems of shallow fault system and deep fault system. These source kitchens are not only relatively independent,but also interact with each other. This inseparable unity is called oil and gas source community( OGSC). OGSC exists in many oil fields among China such as north China,Bohai bay and Sichuan oilfields. Different OGSCs have different shapes but generally similar. Traditional exploration method prospects from shallow strata to deep strata,focused on shallow strata. The exist of OGSC claims geologist to prospects from deep strata to shallow strata,a principle of " shallow-deep combination" should be complied.
引文
[1]查全衡.大庆创建“百年油区”之我见[N].中国能源报,2017-02-06(2).
[2]中国石油新闻中心.《2017年国内外油气行业发展报告》发布世界石油市场将进一步走向再平衡[EB/OL].(2018-01-17).http://news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2018/01/17/001675468.shtml.
[3]侯瑞宁.中石油数据揭示今年“气荒”成因[EB/OL].(2017-01-17).https://www.jiemian.com/article/1888220.html.
[4][美]威廉·恩道尔.石油大棋局下一个目标中国[M].戴健,李峰,顾秀林,译.北京:中国民主法治出版社,2011:28-38,189-206.
[5]柳广弟.石油地质学[M].4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2009:115-165.
[6]赵靖舟,张金川,高岗.天然气地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013:37-47.
[7]朱伟林,侯贵廷,房殿勇.北美洲含油气盆地[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:82-83.
[8]刘飏.低油价下美国二叠盆地油气产量增长强劲[EB/OL].(2016-11-29).http://news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2016/11/29/001623005.shtml.
[9]李玉琪,惠荣,赵梓蓉.从石油天然气勘探的历史经验重新认识四川盆地[J].西安石油大学学报(社会科学版),2014,23(5):55-61.LI Yuqi,HUI Rong,ZHAO Zirong.Recognizing Sichuan Basin based on the historical experiences of oil-gas exploration[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Social Science Edition),2014,23(5):55-61.
[10][乌克兰]克克约斯基(崔永强,译).油气无机成因现代理论在第聂伯-顿涅茨克油气田钻井开发中的最新应用[J].休闲读品,2013(4):316-317.
[11]谢文彦,孟卫工,李晓光,等.辽河坳陷基岩油气藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:2-111.
[12]谢文彦,孟卫工,张占文,等.辽河坳陷潜山内幕多期裂缝油藏成藏模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6):649-652.XIE Wenyan,MENG Weigong,ZHANG Zhanwen,et al.Formation model of multi-stage fracture reservoirs inside the buried hill in Liaohe depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(6):649-652.
[13]张景廉.油气“倒灌”论质疑[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):122-128.ZHANG Jinglian.Query about petroleum downward migration[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(3):122-128.
[14]郭占谦.多期成藏理论与油田开发[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):95-100.GUO Zhanqian.Continuable development of oil-gas field exploitation needs support of theories about multi-stage accumulation and EOR/IOR[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(1):95-100.
[15]林隆栋.20世纪50年代准噶尔盆地油气勘探方向大争论的启示[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(2):234-237.LIN Longdong.Enlightenment from the debate about directions for oil and gas exploration in Junggar Basin in 1950s[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(2):234-237.
[16]林隆栋.断裂掩覆油藏的发现与克拉玛依油田勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,1984,5(1):1-10.LIN Longdong.The discovery of nappe-screende oil pool and the prospects of Karmay Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1984,5(1):1-10.
[17]林隆栋.关于准噶尔盆地油气勘探新模式的思考[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):557-563.LIN Longdong.Thinking on new mode for petroleum exploration in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):557-563.
[18]马宗晋,曲国胜,陈新发.准噶尔盆地深浅构造分析及油气展布规律[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(4):411-414.MA Zongjin,QU Guosheng,CHEN Xinfa.The deep-shallow structures and oil-gas distribution in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(4):411-414.
[19]袁学诚,林隆栋,许乐红.再论无机生油假说及中国找油前景[J].中国地质,2017,44(3):473-484.YUAN Xuecheng,LIN Longdong,XU Lehong.A further discussion on the abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and the prospect of oil prospecting in China[J].Geology in China,2017,44(3):473-484.
[20]杜乐天.新地球科学原理导论[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2017:22-293.
[21]肖万生.地球内部成烃新机制探索:含碳物质与水反应的实验研究[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2001.XIAO Wansheng.Hydrocarbon Formation Mechanism in the Earth's Interior:Experimental Study on Reactions of Carbon-Containing Materials with Water[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.2001.
[22]TAO Renbiao,ZHANG Lifei,TIAN Meng,et al.Formation of abiotic hydrocarbon from reduction of carbonate in subduction zones:constraints from petrological observation and experimental simulation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2018,239:390-408.
[23]SCOTT H P,HEMLEY R J,MAO H K,et al.Generation of methane in the earth's mantle:in situ high pressure-temperature measurements of carbonate reduction[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(39):14023-14026.
[24]KUTCHEROV Vladimir G.Theory of abyssal abiotic petroleum origin:challenge for petroleum Industry[J].AAPG:ER Newsletter,2008(6):2-4.
[25]张景廉,张宁,朱炳泉,等.克拉玛依乌尔禾沥青脉PbSr-Nd同位素地球化学[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1997,27(4):325-330.ZHANG Jinglian,ZHANG Ning,ZHU Bingquan,et al.Pb,Sr,Nd isotopic geochemistry of solid bitumen in Karamay Oilfield[J].Science in China:Series D,1997,27(4):325-330.
[26]杜乐天,张景廉,欧光习.石油天然气藏幔汁加氢和碱交代成因的再认识[J].地质论评,2015,61(5):1007-1020.DU Letian,ZHANG Jinglian,OU Guangxi.Reconsideration on hydrogenation and alkali-metasomatic mechanism in oil-gas genesis by mantle ichor[J].Geological Review,2015,61(5):1007-1020.
[27]李廷栋,袁学诚,肖庆辉,等.中国岩石圈三维结构[M].北京:地质出版社,2013:138-201;990-1037.
[28]李国玉,吕鸣岗.中国含油气盆地图集[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[29]梁狄刚.文风·学风·辩证思维:石油地质科研的三个问题[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2017.
[30]赵俊猛.天山造山带岩石圈结构与动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[31]袁学诚,李善芳.无机生油假说及其在中国的应用前景[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):843-854.YUAN Xuecheng,LI Shanfang.The abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and its application in China[J].Geology in China,2012,39(4):843-854.
[32]王昕,周心怀,徐国胜,等.渤海海域蓬莱9-1花岗岩潜山大型油气田储层发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):262-270.WANG Xin,ZHOU Xinhuai,XU Guosheng,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of reservoirs in Penglai 9-1large-scaleoilfield in buried granite hills,Bohai Sea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):262-270.
[33]复兴网.中国发现400吨超大金矿[EB/OL].(2016-12-18).http://m.fxingw.com/n/201612/192253_4.html.
[34]王延斌.这一次,科技创造的财富是“史上最大金矿”[N].科技日报,2017-03-31(1).
[35]魏东.我国发现东部最高温度干热岩资源[N].科技日报,2016-12-06(1).
[36]杜乐天.地球排气作用:重大自然灾害孕因和地下巨大天然气来源[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(s):594-599.DU Letian.Earth degassing:major natural disorders pregnancy and underground large natural gas sources[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2008,18(s):594-599.
[37]杜乐天.氢的地球化学:幔汁氢化迁移律[J].铀矿地质,2014,30(2):65-67.DU Letian.Hydrogen geochemistry:hydride migration law of HACONS[J].Uranium Geology,2014,30(2):65-67.
[38]袁学诚,耶哥洛夫.全球地学断面第21号:北冰洋-欧亚大陆-太平洋地学断面图(1∶100万)和简要说明[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[39]杨华.长庆油田油气勘探开发历程述略[J].西安石油大学学报(社会科学版),2012,21(1):55-61.YANG Hua.A comprehensive survey on the history of oil and gas exploration and development in Changqing Oilfield[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Social Science E-dition),2012,21(1):55-61.
[40]冯雪梅.四川盆地:古老层系新曙光,西南油气田锲而不舍求索不息:深层气藏勘探记实[N].中国石油报,2017-05-03(2).
(1)[俄罗斯]特罗菲莫夫.气区地壳构造特征与油气再充填通道. 2015. 7. 6,莫斯科。
(1)张景廉.向集团公司领导汇报材料. 2012. 11. 20.
(1)杜乐天.深钻放气治霾工程(概念设计),2016. 4,北京.
[2]中国石油新闻中心.《2017年国内外油气行业发展报告》发布世界石油市场将进一步走向再平衡[EB/OL].(2018-01-17).http://news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2018/01/17/001675468.shtml.
[3]侯瑞宁.中石油数据揭示今年“气荒”成因[EB/OL].(2017-01-17).https://www.jiemian.com/article/1888220.html.
[4][美]威廉·恩道尔.石油大棋局下一个目标中国[M].戴健,李峰,顾秀林,译.北京:中国民主法治出版社,2011:28-38,189-206.
[5]柳广弟.石油地质学[M].4版.北京:石油工业出版社,2009:115-165.
[6]赵靖舟,张金川,高岗.天然气地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2013:37-47.
[7]朱伟林,侯贵廷,房殿勇.北美洲含油气盆地[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:82-83.
[8]刘飏.低油价下美国二叠盆地油气产量增长强劲[EB/OL].(2016-11-29).http://news.cnpc.com.cn/system/2016/11/29/001623005.shtml.
[9]李玉琪,惠荣,赵梓蓉.从石油天然气勘探的历史经验重新认识四川盆地[J].西安石油大学学报(社会科学版),2014,23(5):55-61.LI Yuqi,HUI Rong,ZHAO Zirong.Recognizing Sichuan Basin based on the historical experiences of oil-gas exploration[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Social Science Edition),2014,23(5):55-61.
[10][乌克兰]克克约斯基(崔永强,译).油气无机成因现代理论在第聂伯-顿涅茨克油气田钻井开发中的最新应用[J].休闲读品,2013(4):316-317.
[11]谢文彦,孟卫工,李晓光,等.辽河坳陷基岩油气藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:2-111.
[12]谢文彦,孟卫工,张占文,等.辽河坳陷潜山内幕多期裂缝油藏成藏模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6):649-652.XIE Wenyan,MENG Weigong,ZHANG Zhanwen,et al.Formation model of multi-stage fracture reservoirs inside the buried hill in Liaohe depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(6):649-652.
[13]张景廉.油气“倒灌”论质疑[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(3):122-128.ZHANG Jinglian.Query about petroleum downward migration[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(3):122-128.
[14]郭占谦.多期成藏理论与油田开发[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(1):95-100.GUO Zhanqian.Continuable development of oil-gas field exploitation needs support of theories about multi-stage accumulation and EOR/IOR[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(1):95-100.
[15]林隆栋.20世纪50年代准噶尔盆地油气勘探方向大争论的启示[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(2):234-237.LIN Longdong.Enlightenment from the debate about directions for oil and gas exploration in Junggar Basin in 1950s[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(2):234-237.
[16]林隆栋.断裂掩覆油藏的发现与克拉玛依油田勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,1984,5(1):1-10.LIN Longdong.The discovery of nappe-screende oil pool and the prospects of Karmay Oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1984,5(1):1-10.
[17]林隆栋.关于准噶尔盆地油气勘探新模式的思考[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):557-563.LIN Longdong.Thinking on new mode for petroleum exploration in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):557-563.
[18]马宗晋,曲国胜,陈新发.准噶尔盆地深浅构造分析及油气展布规律[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(4):411-414.MA Zongjin,QU Guosheng,CHEN Xinfa.The deep-shallow structures and oil-gas distribution in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(4):411-414.
[19]袁学诚,林隆栋,许乐红.再论无机生油假说及中国找油前景[J].中国地质,2017,44(3):473-484.YUAN Xuecheng,LIN Longdong,XU Lehong.A further discussion on the abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and the prospect of oil prospecting in China[J].Geology in China,2017,44(3):473-484.
[20]杜乐天.新地球科学原理导论[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2017:22-293.
[21]肖万生.地球内部成烃新机制探索:含碳物质与水反应的实验研究[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2001.XIAO Wansheng.Hydrocarbon Formation Mechanism in the Earth's Interior:Experimental Study on Reactions of Carbon-Containing Materials with Water[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.2001.
[22]TAO Renbiao,ZHANG Lifei,TIAN Meng,et al.Formation of abiotic hydrocarbon from reduction of carbonate in subduction zones:constraints from petrological observation and experimental simulation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2018,239:390-408.
[23]SCOTT H P,HEMLEY R J,MAO H K,et al.Generation of methane in the earth's mantle:in situ high pressure-temperature measurements of carbonate reduction[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(39):14023-14026.
[24]KUTCHEROV Vladimir G.Theory of abyssal abiotic petroleum origin:challenge for petroleum Industry[J].AAPG:ER Newsletter,2008(6):2-4.
[25]张景廉,张宁,朱炳泉,等.克拉玛依乌尔禾沥青脉PbSr-Nd同位素地球化学[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1997,27(4):325-330.ZHANG Jinglian,ZHANG Ning,ZHU Bingquan,et al.Pb,Sr,Nd isotopic geochemistry of solid bitumen in Karamay Oilfield[J].Science in China:Series D,1997,27(4):325-330.
[26]杜乐天,张景廉,欧光习.石油天然气藏幔汁加氢和碱交代成因的再认识[J].地质论评,2015,61(5):1007-1020.DU Letian,ZHANG Jinglian,OU Guangxi.Reconsideration on hydrogenation and alkali-metasomatic mechanism in oil-gas genesis by mantle ichor[J].Geological Review,2015,61(5):1007-1020.
[27]李廷栋,袁学诚,肖庆辉,等.中国岩石圈三维结构[M].北京:地质出版社,2013:138-201;990-1037.
[28]李国玉,吕鸣岗.中国含油气盆地图集[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[29]梁狄刚.文风·学风·辩证思维:石油地质科研的三个问题[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2017.
[30]赵俊猛.天山造山带岩石圈结构与动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[31]袁学诚,李善芳.无机生油假说及其在中国的应用前景[J].中国地质,2012,39(4):843-854.YUAN Xuecheng,LI Shanfang.The abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and its application in China[J].Geology in China,2012,39(4):843-854.
[32]王昕,周心怀,徐国胜,等.渤海海域蓬莱9-1花岗岩潜山大型油气田储层发育特征与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):262-270.WANG Xin,ZHOU Xinhuai,XU Guosheng,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of reservoirs in Penglai 9-1large-scaleoilfield in buried granite hills,Bohai Sea[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):262-270.
[33]复兴网.中国发现400吨超大金矿[EB/OL].(2016-12-18).http://m.fxingw.com/n/201612/192253_4.html.
[34]王延斌.这一次,科技创造的财富是“史上最大金矿”[N].科技日报,2017-03-31(1).
[35]魏东.我国发现东部最高温度干热岩资源[N].科技日报,2016-12-06(1).
[36]杜乐天.地球排气作用:重大自然灾害孕因和地下巨大天然气来源[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(s):594-599.DU Letian.Earth degassing:major natural disorders pregnancy and underground large natural gas sources[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2008,18(s):594-599.
[37]杜乐天.氢的地球化学:幔汁氢化迁移律[J].铀矿地质,2014,30(2):65-67.DU Letian.Hydrogen geochemistry:hydride migration law of HACONS[J].Uranium Geology,2014,30(2):65-67.
[38]袁学诚,耶哥洛夫.全球地学断面第21号:北冰洋-欧亚大陆-太平洋地学断面图(1∶100万)和简要说明[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[39]杨华.长庆油田油气勘探开发历程述略[J].西安石油大学学报(社会科学版),2012,21(1):55-61.YANG Hua.A comprehensive survey on the history of oil and gas exploration and development in Changqing Oilfield[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Social Science E-dition),2012,21(1):55-61.
[40]冯雪梅.四川盆地:古老层系新曙光,西南油气田锲而不舍求索不息:深层气藏勘探记实[N].中国石油报,2017-05-03(2).
(1)[俄罗斯]特罗菲莫夫.气区地壳构造特征与油气再充填通道. 2015. 7. 6,莫斯科。
(1)张景廉.向集团公司领导汇报材料. 2012. 11. 20.
(1)杜乐天.深钻放气治霾工程(概念设计),2016. 4,北京.