枯草芽孢杆菌、蒙脱石及其互作对产蛋鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率和肠黏膜养分转运载体基因表达的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)、蒙脱石(MMT)及其互作对产蛋鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率和肠黏膜养分转运载体基因表达的影响。采用2×2双因子随机试验设计,主效应分别为BS(0、0.5 g/kg)、MMT(0、0.5 g/kg)及二者互作。选择360只29周龄健康的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复15只),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg BS(BS组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg M M T(M M T组)、基础饲粮+0.5 g/kg M M T+0.5 g/kg BS(M M T+BS组)。预试期7 d,正试期70 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,各添加组产蛋鸡产蛋率均显著提高(P<0.05);MMT组和MMT+BS组日产蛋量显著提高(P<0.05);MMT+BS组料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加BS显著提高了干物质、粗脂肪、能量和粗蛋白质的表观利用率(P<0.05);BS组和MMT+BS组能量表观利用率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各添加组产蛋鸡空肠黏膜碱性氨基酸转运载体1 m RNA表达量均显著提高(P<0.05);BS和M M T互作对产蛋鸡空肠黏膜易化葡萄糖转运载体2和碱性氨基酸转运载体1m RNA表达量有显著影响(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中单独添加BS和M M T及二者联用均能够提高产蛋鸡的产蛋率和日产蛋量;饲粮中添加BS能够提高产蛋鸡对饲粮中干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和能量的表观利用率;饲粮中单独添加BS和MMT及二者联用均能够上调产蛋鸡肠黏膜碱性氨基酸转运载体1基因的表达。
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis( BS), montmorillonite( MMT) and their interaction on performance,the apparent utilization of nutrients,and the gene expression of nutrient transporters in intestinal mucosa of laying hens. The trial used a 2 × 2 factorial random design,the main effects were BS( 0 and 0.5 g/kg),MMT( 0 and 0.5 g/kg),and the interaction between them,respectively.A total of 360 healthy 29-week-old Lohmann pink hens were randomly arranged into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens in each replicate,and the hens in those 4 groups were fed a basal diet( control group),the basal diet+ 0.5 g/kg BS( group BS),the basal diet+ 0.5 g/kg MMT( group MMT),and the basal diet+0.5 g/kg MMT + 0.5 g/kg BS( group MMT +BS),respectively. The adjustment period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,the laying rate of hens in addition groups was significantly increased( P< 0.05),and daily egg production of hens in groups MMT and MMT +BS was significantly increased( P< 0.05),and feed to egg rate of the group MMT +BS was significantly decreased( P< 0.05). 2) Diet supplemented with BS significantly increased the apparent utilization of dry mater,ether extract,crude protein and energy( P< 0.05). The apparent utilization of energy in groups BS and MMT +BS was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). 3)Compared with the control group,the m RNA expression level of cationic amino acid transporter 1( CAT1) in jejunal mucosa of laying hens in addition groups was significantly up-regulated( P< 0.05). There was a significant interaction between BS and MMT on the m RNA expression levels of facilitative glucose transporter 2( GLUT2) and CAT1( P<0.05). In conclusion,single or combined addition of BS and MMT all can improve the laying rate and daily egg production of laying hens; addition of BS can improve the apparent utilization of dry mater,ether extract,crude protein and energy of laying hens; single or combined addition of BS and MMT all can up-regulate the expression of CAT1 in intestinal mucosa of laying hens.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis( BS), montmorillonite( MMT) and their interaction on performance,the apparent utilization of nutrients,and the gene expression of nutrient transporters in intestinal mucosa of laying hens. The trial used a 2 × 2 factorial random design,the main effects were BS( 0 and 0.5 g/kg),MMT( 0 and 0.5 g/kg),and the interaction between them,respectively.A total of 360 healthy 29-week-old Lohmann pink hens were randomly arranged into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens in each replicate,and the hens in those 4 groups were fed a basal diet( control group),the basal diet+ 0.5 g/kg BS( group BS),the basal diet+ 0.5 g/kg MMT( group MMT),and the basal diet+0.5 g/kg MMT + 0.5 g/kg BS( group MMT +BS),respectively. The adjustment period lasted for 7 days,and the experimental period lasted for 70 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,the laying rate of hens in addition groups was significantly increased( P< 0.05),and daily egg production of hens in groups MMT and MMT +BS was significantly increased( P< 0.05),and feed to egg rate of the group MMT +BS was significantly decreased( P< 0.05). 2) Diet supplemented with BS significantly increased the apparent utilization of dry mater,ether extract,crude protein and energy( P< 0.05). The apparent utilization of energy in groups BS and MMT +BS was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). 3)Compared with the control group,the m RNA expression level of cationic amino acid transporter 1( CAT1) in jejunal mucosa of laying hens in addition groups was significantly up-regulated( P< 0.05). There was a significant interaction between BS and MMT on the m RNA expression levels of facilitative glucose transporter 2( GLUT2) and CAT1( P<0.05). In conclusion,single or combined addition of BS and MMT all can improve the laying rate and daily egg production of laying hens; addition of BS can improve the apparent utilization of dry mater,ether extract,crude protein and energy of laying hens; single or combined addition of BS and MMT all can up-regulate the expression of CAT1 in intestinal mucosa of laying hens.
引文
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[15]QU X Y,CHEN J F,HE C Q,et al.Effects of modified m ontm orillonite adsorbent on perform ance,egg quality,serum biochem istry,oxidation status,and imm une response of laying hens in late production[J].Livestock Science,2018,210:15-20.
[16]陈继发.钙质蒙脱石对蛋鸡产蛋末期生产性能、脂多糖含量、肠道形态及经济效益的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016:363.
[17]ZHANG J L,XIE Q M,JI J,et al.Different combinations of probiotics im prove the production performance,egg quality,and im m une response of layer hens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(11):2755-2760.
[18]LI S L,JIANG C X,CHEN X M,et al.Lactobacillus casei im m obilized onto m ontm orillonite:survivability in sim ulated gastrointestinal conditions,refrigeration and yogurt[J].Food Research International,2014,64:822-830.
[19]ALBENGRES E,URIEN S,TILLEMENT J P,et al.Interactions between sm ectite,a m ucus stabilizer,and acidic and basic drugs:in vitro and in vivo studies[J].European Journal of Clinical Pharm acology,1985,28(5):601-605.
[20]KEROVUO J,LAURAEUS M,NURMINEN P,et al.Isolation,characterization,m olecular gene cloning,and sequencing of a novel phytase from Bacillus subtilis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(6):2079-2085.
[21]ZCAN B D,ZCAN N.Expression of thermostableα-amylase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus in various Bacillus subtilis strains[J].Annals of Microbiology,2008,58(2):265-268.
[22]谢鹏,付胜勇,戴鑫,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对乳鸽消化道酶活性和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(24):7-11.
[23]GAO Z H,WU H H,SHI L,et al.Study of Bacillus subtilis on growth perform ance,nutrition m etabolism and intestinal m icroflora of 1 to 42 d broiler chickens[J].Animal Nutrition,2017,3(2):109-113.
[24]张泽楠,王宝维,葛文华,等.枯草芽孢杆菌与铜协同作用对5~16周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质利用率及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2830-2838.
[25]熊霞,阳成波,印遇龙.肠道氨基酸及氨基酸转运载体研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2012,43(3):202-206.
[26]周玲,王晓清,刘臻,等.营养素转运载体的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2013(4):18-23.
[2]GUO J R,DONG X F,LIU S,et al.Effects of longterm Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.921 supplem entation on perform ance,egg quality,and fecal and cecal m icrobiota of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(5):1280-1289.
[3]RIBEIRO V L,ALBINO L F T,ROSTAGNO H S,et al.Effects of the dietary supplem entation of Bacillus subtilis levels on perform ance,egg quality and excreta m oisture of layers[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2014,195:142-146.
[4]戴世震.饲粮阶段性添加枯草芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能及养分代谢率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017:16-22.
[5]ZHAO H Y,MAO X B,YU B,et al.Excess of dietary m ontm orillonite im pairs growth perform ance,liver function,and antioxidant capacity in starter pigs[J].Journal of Anim al Sciences,2017,95(7):2943-2951.
[6]胡秀荣,吕光烈,陈林深,等.天然蒙脱石与细菌相互作用机理的研究[J].药学学报,2002,37(9):718-720.
[7]HU C H,QIAN Z,SONG J,et al.Effects of zinc oxide-m ontm orillonite hybrid on growth perform ance,intestinal structure,and function of broiler chicken[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(1):143-150.
[8]董淑慧.蒙脱石对泌乳奶牛生产性能、血液代谢及营养物质表观消化率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012:22-23.
[9]李静,孙相俞,万建美.载铜蒙脱石对肉鸡生长性能和养分表观利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(22):21-24.
[10]CAO S T,WANG L,JIAO L F,et al.Effects of diosm ectite-Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance,intestine m icrobiota,m ucosal architecture of weaned pigs[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2016,220:180-186.
[11]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:52-78.
[12]李俊营,詹凯,陈旭伍,等.日粮添加霉菌毒素吸附剂对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(10):7-11.
[13]陈继发,罗玲,曲湘勇,等.霉菌毒素吸附剂对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋黄中微量元素含量、血清抗氧化和生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3183-3191.
[14]陈继发,彭灿阳,曲湘勇,等.蒙脱石对产蛋鸡生产性能和盲肠菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):4026-4035.
[15]QU X Y,CHEN J F,HE C Q,et al.Effects of modified m ontm orillonite adsorbent on perform ance,egg quality,serum biochem istry,oxidation status,and imm une response of laying hens in late production[J].Livestock Science,2018,210:15-20.
[16]陈继发.钙质蒙脱石对蛋鸡产蛋末期生产性能、脂多糖含量、肠道形态及经济效益的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016:363.
[17]ZHANG J L,XIE Q M,JI J,et al.Different combinations of probiotics im prove the production performance,egg quality,and im m une response of layer hens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(11):2755-2760.
[18]LI S L,JIANG C X,CHEN X M,et al.Lactobacillus casei im m obilized onto m ontm orillonite:survivability in sim ulated gastrointestinal conditions,refrigeration and yogurt[J].Food Research International,2014,64:822-830.
[19]ALBENGRES E,URIEN S,TILLEMENT J P,et al.Interactions between sm ectite,a m ucus stabilizer,and acidic and basic drugs:in vitro and in vivo studies[J].European Journal of Clinical Pharm acology,1985,28(5):601-605.
[20]KEROVUO J,LAURAEUS M,NURMINEN P,et al.Isolation,characterization,m olecular gene cloning,and sequencing of a novel phytase from Bacillus subtilis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(6):2079-2085.
[21]ZCAN B D,ZCAN N.Expression of thermostableα-amylase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus in various Bacillus subtilis strains[J].Annals of Microbiology,2008,58(2):265-268.
[22]谢鹏,付胜勇,戴鑫,等.饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对乳鸽消化道酶活性和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(24):7-11.
[23]GAO Z H,WU H H,SHI L,et al.Study of Bacillus subtilis on growth perform ance,nutrition m etabolism and intestinal m icroflora of 1 to 42 d broiler chickens[J].Animal Nutrition,2017,3(2):109-113.
[24]张泽楠,王宝维,葛文华,等.枯草芽孢杆菌与铜协同作用对5~16周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质利用率及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2830-2838.
[25]熊霞,阳成波,印遇龙.肠道氨基酸及氨基酸转运载体研究进展[J].生理科学进展,2012,43(3):202-206.
[26]周玲,王晓清,刘臻,等.营养素转运载体的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2013(4):18-23.