潜流式人工湿地消纳城市污水厂尾水微生物特性及机制
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摘要
为揭示潜流式人工湿地消纳城市污水厂尾水微生物特性及机制,以位于常州市城北污水处理厂内的潜流式人工湿地消纳城市污水厂尾水旁路试验系统中的植物根系、湿地填料及湿地土壤中微生物为研究对象,通过镜检、脲酶、磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)等分析手段对其进行相关研究。结果表明,植物根系、填料中含有团藻等菌胶团和轮虫、变形虫等原生动物,团藻等菌胶团通过自身新陈代谢及光合作用,利用尾水中N、P进行生物代谢,去除低碳源条件下尾水中的N、P等。湿地脲酶平均含量(N)约为22.43mg/g,其活性与TN的去除呈线性相关,活性越高,TN去除率越高。消纳城市污水厂尾水湿地填料中饱和脂肪酸(PLFA)含量为99.30%,不饱和脂肪酸含量仅为0.70%,这与潜流式人工湿地处理城市污水中的PLFA含量有很大差别(分别为76.97%、23.03%)。以脂肪酸生物标记量为指标,显示湿地填料中形成了以好养细菌为优势种群的微生物生态结构。团藻、好氧微生物是低碳源尾水中TN等污染物去除的主要载体微生物。
The micro-organisms of plant roots,wetland filler and wetland soil of subsurface flow wetland consumptive municipal sewage treatment plant effluents bypass test systems,in Changzhou City,north of the city sewage treatment plant,were studied through microscopic examination,urease,phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)and other analytical tools for related seudies to reveal the characteristics and mechanism ofmicro-organisms with Subsurface Flow Wetland consumptive municipal sewage treatment plant effluents.The results showed that plant roots,filler contained rotifers,amoeba and other protozoa and Volvox,Volvox used the N,P and other pollutant of tail waters through photosynthesis biological metabolism,removal of N、P,etc,under conditions of low-carbon.The average content of wetland urease(N)was about22.43mg/g,the activity of urease was linearly related to the removal of TN,the higher the activity,the higher the removal rate of TN.Saturated fatty acid(PLFA)content was 99.30%,unsaturated fatty acid content was only 0.70%in Wetland fillers,which with subsurface flow wetland treatment PLFA contents of municipal sewage is very different(76.97% and 23.03%,respectively).The amount of fatty acid biomarker as an indicator,reveal wetlands matrix formed with aerobic bacteria was dominant structure of microbial ecology.Volvox,aerobic microorganisms was the main carriers of microbial removal of TN and other pollutants in low carbon source tail water.
The micro-organisms of plant roots,wetland filler and wetland soil of subsurface flow wetland consumptive municipal sewage treatment plant effluents bypass test systems,in Changzhou City,north of the city sewage treatment plant,were studied through microscopic examination,urease,phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)and other analytical tools for related seudies to reveal the characteristics and mechanism ofmicro-organisms with Subsurface Flow Wetland consumptive municipal sewage treatment plant effluents.The results showed that plant roots,filler contained rotifers,amoeba and other protozoa and Volvox,Volvox used the N,P and other pollutant of tail waters through photosynthesis biological metabolism,removal of N、P,etc,under conditions of low-carbon.The average content of wetland urease(N)was about22.43mg/g,the activity of urease was linearly related to the removal of TN,the higher the activity,the higher the removal rate of TN.Saturated fatty acid(PLFA)content was 99.30%,unsaturated fatty acid content was only 0.70%in Wetland fillers,which with subsurface flow wetland treatment PLFA contents of municipal sewage is very different(76.97% and 23.03%,respectively).The amount of fatty acid biomarker as an indicator,reveal wetlands matrix formed with aerobic bacteria was dominant structure of microbial ecology.Volvox,aerobic microorganisms was the main carriers of microbial removal of TN and other pollutants in low carbon source tail water.
引文
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[13]KOURTEV P S,EHRENFELD J G,HGGBLOM M.Exotic plant species alter the microbial community structure and function in the soil[J].Ecology,2002,83(11):3152-3166.
[14]JOHANSEN A,OLSSON S.Using phospholipid fatty acid technique to study short-term effects of the biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54on the microbial microbiota in barley rhizosphere[J].Microbial Ecology,2005,49(2):272-281.
[15]尹勇,冯国勇,周静,等.生态强化法原位净化村镇污水微生物特性[J].环境化学,2015,34(4):792-797.YIN Y,FENG G Y,ZHOU J,et al.Microbial characteristics of in-situ strengthening bioremediation of rural domestic sewage[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(4):792-797.(in Chinese)
[16]王国芳,吴磊,徐雪玲,等.蚯蚓对垂直流人工湿地微生物量及脲酶活性的影响[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(5):1013-1018.WANG G F,WU L,XU X L,et al.Influence of Eisenia foetida on biomass and urease activity in vertical constructed wetland[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(5):1013-1018.(in Chinese)
[17]吴振斌,梁威,成水平,等.人工湿地植物根区土壤酶活性与污水净化效果及其相关分析[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(5):622-624.WU Z B,LIANG W,CHENG S P,et al.Studies on correlation between the enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere and purification of wastewater in the constructed wetland[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2001,21(5):622-624.(in Chinese)
[18]黄娟,王世和,鄢璐,等.潜流型人工湿地的脲酶活性分布特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(1):166-169.HUANG J,WANG S H,YAN L,et al.Distribution characteristic of urease activity in subsurface constructed wetlands[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2008,38(1):166-169.(in Chinese)
[19]邓风,童宁.潜流人工湿地经济植物根际微环境相关指标的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2014,40(12):8-11.DENG F,TONG N.Study on relative indicators of rhizosphere micro-environment of economic plants in the subsurface-flow constructed wetlands[J].Industrial Safety and Environment Protection,2014,40(12):8-11.(in Chinese)
[20]WHITE D C,FLEMMING C A,LEUNG K Y,et al.In situ microbial ecology for quantitative assessment,monitoring and risk assessment of pollution remediation in soils,the subsurface,the rhizosphere and in biofilms[J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,1998,32(2):93-105.
[21]张燕,周巧红,张丽萍,等.冬季湿地植物根际微生物群落结构多样性分析[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(11):108-111.ZHANG Y,ZHOU Q H,ZHANG L P,et al.Analysis on rhizo-sphere microbial diversity of wetland plants in winter[J].Environment Science&Technology,2013,36(11):108-111.(in Chinese)
[22]WHITTAKER P,DAY J B,CURTIS S K,et al.Evaluating the use of fatty acid profiles to identify Francisella tularensis[J].Journal of Microbiology Methods,2007,90(2):465-469.
[23]陶敏,贺锋,徐洪,等.氧调控下人工湿地微生物群落结构变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1195-1202.TAN M,HE F,XU H,et al.Changes in microbial community structure in constructed wetland under aeration condition[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(6):1195-1202.(in Chinese)
[24]SAKAMOTO K,LIJIAMA T,HIGUCHI R.Use of specific phospholipid fatty acids for identifying and quantifying the external hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(11):1827-1834.
[25]KIMURA M,ASAKAWA S.Comparison of community structures of microbiota at main habitats in rice field ecosystems based on phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Biology and Fertility Soils,2006,43(1):20-29.
[26]温强,王晓燕.北京城市湖泊沉积物中微生物磷脂的分布特征[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,33(3):80-85.WEN Q,WANG X Y.The Vertical distribution of sedimentary microbial biomass on urban lake in BeiJing[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,33(3):80-85.(in Chinese)
[2]张文艺,陈晶,邓文,等.反硝化聚磷菌菌剂种子液制备条件及除磷机理[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2014,36(6):99-105.ZHANG W Y,CHEN J,DENG W,et al.Preparation of denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacterial seed liquid and analysis of phosphorus removal mechanism[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environment Engineering,2014,36(6):99-105.(in Chinese)
[3]何强,万杰,翟俊,等.复合型人工湿地及其在小城镇污水处理中的应用[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(5):122-126.HE Q,WAN J,ZHAI J,et al.The compound artificial wetland and its application in treating wastewater in small cities and towns[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environment Engineering,2009,31(5):122-126.(in Chinese)
[4]唐世敏,秦庆东,钱元弟,等.水平潜流人工湿地处理住宅灰水技术研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(Sup2):146-150.TANG S M,QIN Q D,QIAN Y D,et al.A study of residential grey water treated by subsurface horizontal constructed wetland[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environment Engineering,2013,35(Sup2):146-150.(in Chinese)
[5]崔伟,张勇,黄民生.复合垂直流人工湿地脲酶和磷酸酶活性与黑臭河水净化效果[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(13):8016-8018.CUI W,ZHANG Y,HUANG M S.Activities of urease and phosphatase in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland and purification effect of black and odorous rive[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture,2011,39(13):8016-8018.(in Chinese)
[6]SANZ-COBENA A,MISSELBROOK T H,ARCE A,et al.An inhibitor of urease activity effectively reduces ammonia emissions from soil treated with urea under Mediterranean conditions[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems Environment,2008,126(4):243-249.
[7]王震宇,辛远征,李锋民,等.黄河三角洲退化湿地微生物特性的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(5):1005-1012.WANG Z Y,XIN Y Z,LI F M,et al.Microbial community characteristics in a degraded wetland of the yellow river delta[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition),2009,39(5):1005-1012.(in Chinese)
[8]BARDGETT R D,LOVELL R D,HOBBS P J,et al.Seasonal changes in soil microbial communities along a fertility gradient of temperate grasslands[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31:1021-1030.
[9]谷先坤,王国祥,刘波,等.复合垂直流人工湿地净化污水厂尾水的研究[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(3):8-11.GU X K,WANG G X,LIU B,et al.Advanced purification of effluent from sewage treatment plant by integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(3):8-11.(in Chinese)
[10]马放,杨基先,魏利.环境微生物图谱[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2010.
[11]黄娟,李稹,张健.改良靛酚蓝比色法测土壤脲酶活性[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2012,34(1):102-107.HUANG J,LI Z,ZHANG J.Improvement of indophenol blue colorimetric method on activity of urease in soil[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural&Environment Engineering,2012,34(1):102-107.(in Chinese)
[12]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[13]KOURTEV P S,EHRENFELD J G,HGGBLOM M.Exotic plant species alter the microbial community structure and function in the soil[J].Ecology,2002,83(11):3152-3166.
[14]JOHANSEN A,OLSSON S.Using phospholipid fatty acid technique to study short-term effects of the biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54on the microbial microbiota in barley rhizosphere[J].Microbial Ecology,2005,49(2):272-281.
[15]尹勇,冯国勇,周静,等.生态强化法原位净化村镇污水微生物特性[J].环境化学,2015,34(4):792-797.YIN Y,FENG G Y,ZHOU J,et al.Microbial characteristics of in-situ strengthening bioremediation of rural domestic sewage[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(4):792-797.(in Chinese)
[16]王国芳,吴磊,徐雪玲,等.蚯蚓对垂直流人工湿地微生物量及脲酶活性的影响[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(5):1013-1018.WANG G F,WU L,XU X L,et al.Influence of Eisenia foetida on biomass and urease activity in vertical constructed wetland[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(5):1013-1018.(in Chinese)
[17]吴振斌,梁威,成水平,等.人工湿地植物根区土壤酶活性与污水净化效果及其相关分析[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(5):622-624.WU Z B,LIANG W,CHENG S P,et al.Studies on correlation between the enzymatic activities in the rhizosphere and purification of wastewater in the constructed wetland[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2001,21(5):622-624.(in Chinese)
[18]黄娟,王世和,鄢璐,等.潜流型人工湿地的脲酶活性分布特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,38(1):166-169.HUANG J,WANG S H,YAN L,et al.Distribution characteristic of urease activity in subsurface constructed wetlands[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2008,38(1):166-169.(in Chinese)
[19]邓风,童宁.潜流人工湿地经济植物根际微环境相关指标的研究[J].工业安全与环保,2014,40(12):8-11.DENG F,TONG N.Study on relative indicators of rhizosphere micro-environment of economic plants in the subsurface-flow constructed wetlands[J].Industrial Safety and Environment Protection,2014,40(12):8-11.(in Chinese)
[20]WHITE D C,FLEMMING C A,LEUNG K Y,et al.In situ microbial ecology for quantitative assessment,monitoring and risk assessment of pollution remediation in soils,the subsurface,the rhizosphere and in biofilms[J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,1998,32(2):93-105.
[21]张燕,周巧红,张丽萍,等.冬季湿地植物根际微生物群落结构多样性分析[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(11):108-111.ZHANG Y,ZHOU Q H,ZHANG L P,et al.Analysis on rhizo-sphere microbial diversity of wetland plants in winter[J].Environment Science&Technology,2013,36(11):108-111.(in Chinese)
[22]WHITTAKER P,DAY J B,CURTIS S K,et al.Evaluating the use of fatty acid profiles to identify Francisella tularensis[J].Journal of Microbiology Methods,2007,90(2):465-469.
[23]陶敏,贺锋,徐洪,等.氧调控下人工湿地微生物群落结构变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(6):1195-1202.TAN M,HE F,XU H,et al.Changes in microbial community structure in constructed wetland under aeration condition[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(6):1195-1202.(in Chinese)
[24]SAKAMOTO K,LIJIAMA T,HIGUCHI R.Use of specific phospholipid fatty acids for identifying and quantifying the external hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(11):1827-1834.
[25]KIMURA M,ASAKAWA S.Comparison of community structures of microbiota at main habitats in rice field ecosystems based on phospholipid fatty acid analysis[J].Biology and Fertility Soils,2006,43(1):20-29.
[26]温强,王晓燕.北京城市湖泊沉积物中微生物磷脂的分布特征[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,33(3):80-85.WEN Q,WANG X Y.The Vertical distribution of sedimentary microbial biomass on urban lake in BeiJing[J].Journal of Capital Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,33(3):80-85.(in Chinese)