基于高速公路流的东北大都市区边界识别与结构特征研究
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摘要
利用高速公路收费站数据分析东北大都市区的空间边界与中心-外围结构特征。研究发现,①中心城市高速公路流随距离的分布符合距离衰减规律,随规模位序的累积分布符合"二八定律",但在具体的指标阈值上却表现出显著差异。②四大都市区在空间上相连,以较小的国土面积承载了区域主要的社会经济活动。沈阳都市区和大连都市区在城镇关联体系中已实现融合;沈阳都市区、长春都市区、哈尔滨都市区间的空间联系则相对松散。③高速公路流空间下,各大都市区中心-外围空间结构表现出空间圈层、功能廊道和边界切割的典型特征。
Spatial boundaries and structural characteristics of metropolitan areas are of great significance for understanding the interactive relationship between cities and regions. Using the data of expressway flows, this paper explored the core-periphery spatial linkages patterns with the indexes of spatial linkages intensity and temporal distance to the central city. On this basis, the spatial boundaries of the metropolitan areas in Northeast China were identified and the characteristics of core-periphery structures were discussed. This article shows that, firstly, the expressway flows of central cities conform to the law of distance attenuation and the Pareto's principle. But the threshold values of different central cities show significant differences, indicating that the agglomerating and radiating effects of the central cities on the surrounding areas have the differences in distance,intensity and direction. Secondly, Shenyang metropolitan area, Changchun metropolitan area, Harbin metropolitan area, and Dalian metropolitan area, where most of the social and economic activities in Northeast China agglomerated, are geographically neighbored. Comparing with Changchun metropolitan area and Harbin metropolitan area, Shenyang metropolitan area and Dalian metropolitan area have a higher density of economic activities and closer spatial linkages, and have integrated as a whole in the urban system network, while the linkages among Shenyang metropolitan area, Changchun metropolitan area and Harbin urban area are relatively loose. Thirdly, under the space of expressway flows, the core-periphery spatial structures of the metropolitan areas show typical characteristics of spatial layers, functional corridors and boundary effect, which have a great impact on the regional economic organization. In future, the development of the metropolitan areas in the Northeast China should focus on solving the restrictive effect of the administrative boundary, promoting the organic combination of the metropolitan areas around Harbin-Dalian axis, and finally forming a regional cooperation system in the form of urban agglomeration or megalopolis.
Spatial boundaries and structural characteristics of metropolitan areas are of great significance for understanding the interactive relationship between cities and regions. Using the data of expressway flows, this paper explored the core-periphery spatial linkages patterns with the indexes of spatial linkages intensity and temporal distance to the central city. On this basis, the spatial boundaries of the metropolitan areas in Northeast China were identified and the characteristics of core-periphery structures were discussed. This article shows that, firstly, the expressway flows of central cities conform to the law of distance attenuation and the Pareto's principle. But the threshold values of different central cities show significant differences, indicating that the agglomerating and radiating effects of the central cities on the surrounding areas have the differences in distance,intensity and direction. Secondly, Shenyang metropolitan area, Changchun metropolitan area, Harbin metropolitan area, and Dalian metropolitan area, where most of the social and economic activities in Northeast China agglomerated, are geographically neighbored. Comparing with Changchun metropolitan area and Harbin metropolitan area, Shenyang metropolitan area and Dalian metropolitan area have a higher density of economic activities and closer spatial linkages, and have integrated as a whole in the urban system network, while the linkages among Shenyang metropolitan area, Changchun metropolitan area and Harbin urban area are relatively loose. Thirdly, under the space of expressway flows, the core-periphery spatial structures of the metropolitan areas show typical characteristics of spatial layers, functional corridors and boundary effect, which have a great impact on the regional economic organization. In future, the development of the metropolitan areas in the Northeast China should focus on solving the restrictive effect of the administrative boundary, promoting the organic combination of the metropolitan areas around Harbin-Dalian axis, and finally forming a regional cooperation system in the form of urban agglomeration or megalopolis.
引文
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[9]王钊,杨山,龚富华,等.基于城市流空间的城市群变形结构识别--以长江三角洲城市群为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(9):1337-1344.[Wang Zhao,Yang Shan,Gong Fuhua et al.Identification of urban agglomerations deformation structure based on urban-flow space:A case study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(9):1337-1344.]
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[12]吴殿廷,朱青.区域定量划分方法的初步研究--兼论用断裂点理论进行区域划分问题[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):412-416.[Wu Dianting,Zhu Qing.Study on quantitative method of regional division:also about the questions of breakpoint theory.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2003,39(3):412-416.]
[13]谢顺平,冯学智,王结臣,等.基于网络加权Voronoi图分析的南京市商业中心辐射域研究[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1467-1476.[Xie Shunping,Feng Xuezhi,Wang Jiechen et al.Radiation domain of commercial centers in Nanjing based on analysis of road network weighted Voronoi diagram.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(12):1467-1476.]
[14]张婷麟,孙斌栋.都市区空间结构与经济发展的互动关系研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(4):512-518.[Zhang Tinglin,Sun Bindong.The interaction between urban spatial structure and economic development.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(4):512-518.]
[15]陈如铁,马健.辽宁中部城市群城市体系中规模与距离关系的研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(6):841-849.[Chen Rutie,Ma Jian.Relationship between city size and distance in urban system of Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(6):841-849.]
[16]吴健生,刘浩,彭建,等.中国城市体系等级结构及其空间格局--基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的实证[J].地理学报,2014,69(6):759-770.[Wu Jiansheng,Liu Hao,Peng Jian et al.Hierarchical structure and spatial pattern of China’s urban system:Evidence from DMSP/OLS nightlight data.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(6):759-770.].
[17]高晓路,许泽宁,牛方曲.基于“点-轴系统”理论的城市群边界识别[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(3):280-289.[Gao Xiaolu,Xu Zening,Niu Fangqu.Delineating the scope of urban agglomerations based upon the Pole-Axis theory.Progress in Geography,2015,34(3):280-289.].
[18]Geddes P.Cities in evolution[M].London:Williams and Margate,1915.
[19]黄建毅,张平宇.辽中城市群范围界定与规模结构分形研究[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):181-187.[Huang Jianyi,Zhang Pingyu.Delimitation and fractal research on structure of central Liaoning urban agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(2):181-187.]
[20]陈群元,宋玉样.城市群空间范围的综合界定方法研究:以长株潭城市群为例[J].地理科学,2010,30(5):660-666.[Chen Quanyuan,Song Yuxiang.Methods of dividing the boundary of urban agglomerations:Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration as a case.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2010,30(5):660-666.]
[21]周一星,胡智勇.从航空运输看中国城市体系的空间网络结构[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):276-286.[Zhou Yixing,Hu Zhiyong.Looking into the network structure of Chinese urban system from the perspective of air transportation.Geographical Research,2002,21(3):276-286.]
[22]戴特奇,金凤君,王姣娥.空间相互作用与城市关联网络演进:以我国20世纪90年代城际铁路客流为例[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2):80-89.[Dai Teqi,Jin Fengjun,Wang Jiao’e.Spatial interaction and network structure evolvement of cities in term of China’s railway passenger flow in 1990s.Progress in Geography,2005,24(2):80-89.]
[23]钟业喜,陆玉麒.基于铁路网络的中国城市等级体系与分布格局[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):785-794.[Zhong Yexi,Lu Yuqi.Hierarchical structure and distribution pattern of Chinese urban system based on railway network.Geographical Research,2011,30(5):785-794.]
[24]陈伟,修春亮,柯文前,等.多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征[J].地理研究,2015,34(11):2073-2083.[Chen Wei,Xiu Chunliang,Ke Wenqian et al.Hierarchical structures of China’s city network from the perspective of multiple traffic flows.Geographical Research,2015,34(11):2073-2083.]
[25]项昀,王炜,郑敦勇,等.区域综合网络货运交通方式的优势运距研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(6):33-39.[Xiang Jun,Wang Wei,Zheng Dunyong et al.Dominant transportation distance for multi transportation modes in regional integrated freight network.Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2016,16(6):33-39.]
[26]徐国祥.统计预测和决策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005.[Xu Guoxiang.Prediction and decision of statistics.Shanghai:Press of Shanghai University of Finance Economics,2005.]
[27]吉林省统计局,国家统计局吉林调查总队.吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[Statistical Bureau of Jilin Province,Jilin Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics.Jilin statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.]
[28]辽宁省统计局,国家统计局辽宁调查总队.辽宁统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[Statistical Bureau of Liaoning Province,Liaoning Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics.Liaoning statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.]
[29]黑龙江省统计局,国家统计局黑龙江调查总队.黑龙江统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[Statistical Bureau of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics.Heilongjiang statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.]
[30]周一星.主要经济联系方向论[J].城市规划,1998,22(2):22-25.[Zhou Yixing.Major Directions of economic linkages:Some theoretical considerations.City Planning Review,1998,22(2):22-25.]
[2]Hall P,Pain K.The polycentric metropolis:Learning from mega-city[M].London:Earthscan Ltd,2015.
[3]Davoudi S.Conceptions of the city-region:A critical review[J].Urban Design&Planning,2008,161(2):51-60.
[4]Florez-Revuelta F,Casado-Diaz J M,Martinez-Bernabeu L.An evolutionary approach to the delineation of functional areas based on travel-to-work flows[J].International Journal of Automation&Computing,2008,5(1):10-21.
[5]Alonso M P,Beamonte M A,Gargallo P et al.Evolutionary and classification methods for local labor markets delineation.Computational&Mathematical Organization Theory,2017,22(4):1-23.
[6]王姣娥,景悦.中国城市网络等级结构特征及组织模式--基于铁路和航空流的比较[J].地理学报,2017,72(8):1508-1519.[Wang Jiao’e,Jing Yue.Comparison of spatial structure and organization mode of inter-city networks from the perspective of railway and air passenger flow.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(8):1508-1519.]
[7]Parr J.Perspectives on the city-region[J].Regional Studies,2005,39(5):555-566.
[8]陈守强,黄金川.城市群空间发育范围识别方法综述[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(3):313-320.[Chen Shouqiang,Huang Jinchuan.Review of range recognition research on urban agglomerations.Progress in Geography,2015,34(3):313-320.]
[9]王钊,杨山,龚富华,等.基于城市流空间的城市群变形结构识别--以长江三角洲城市群为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(9):1337-1344.[Wang Zhao,Yang Shan,Gong Fuhua et al.Identification of urban agglomerations deformation structure based on urban-flow space:A case study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(9):1337-1344.]
[10]张童,姚士谋,胡伟平,等.基于交通可达性的广佛都市区城市扩展的模拟与分析[J].地理科学,2018,38(5):737-746.[Zhang Tong,Yao Shimou,Hu Weiping et al.Simulation of urban expansion in Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area under the influence of accessibility.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2018,38(5):737-746.]
[11]潘竟虎,戴维丽.基于网络分析的城市影响区和城市群空间范围识别[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(6):667-676.[Pan Jinghu,Dai Weili.Identification of urban hinterlands and urban agglomerations in China based on network analysis.Progress in Geography,2017,36(6):667-676.]
[12]吴殿廷,朱青.区域定量划分方法的初步研究--兼论用断裂点理论进行区域划分问题[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3):412-416.[Wu Dianting,Zhu Qing.Study on quantitative method of regional division:also about the questions of breakpoint theory.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2003,39(3):412-416.]
[13]谢顺平,冯学智,王结臣,等.基于网络加权Voronoi图分析的南京市商业中心辐射域研究[J].地理学报,2009,64(12):1467-1476.[Xie Shunping,Feng Xuezhi,Wang Jiechen et al.Radiation domain of commercial centers in Nanjing based on analysis of road network weighted Voronoi diagram.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(12):1467-1476.]
[14]张婷麟,孙斌栋.都市区空间结构与经济发展的互动关系研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(4):512-518.[Zhang Tinglin,Sun Bindong.The interaction between urban spatial structure and economic development.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(4):512-518.]
[15]陈如铁,马健.辽宁中部城市群城市体系中规模与距离关系的研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(6):841-849.[Chen Rutie,Ma Jian.Relationship between city size and distance in urban system of Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(6):841-849.]
[16]吴健生,刘浩,彭建,等.中国城市体系等级结构及其空间格局--基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的实证[J].地理学报,2014,69(6):759-770.[Wu Jiansheng,Liu Hao,Peng Jian et al.Hierarchical structure and spatial pattern of China’s urban system:Evidence from DMSP/OLS nightlight data.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(6):759-770.].
[17]高晓路,许泽宁,牛方曲.基于“点-轴系统”理论的城市群边界识别[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(3):280-289.[Gao Xiaolu,Xu Zening,Niu Fangqu.Delineating the scope of urban agglomerations based upon the Pole-Axis theory.Progress in Geography,2015,34(3):280-289.].
[18]Geddes P.Cities in evolution[M].London:Williams and Margate,1915.
[19]黄建毅,张平宇.辽中城市群范围界定与规模结构分形研究[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):181-187.[Huang Jianyi,Zhang Pingyu.Delimitation and fractal research on structure of central Liaoning urban agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(2):181-187.]
[20]陈群元,宋玉样.城市群空间范围的综合界定方法研究:以长株潭城市群为例[J].地理科学,2010,30(5):660-666.[Chen Quanyuan,Song Yuxiang.Methods of dividing the boundary of urban agglomerations:Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration as a case.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2010,30(5):660-666.]
[21]周一星,胡智勇.从航空运输看中国城市体系的空间网络结构[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):276-286.[Zhou Yixing,Hu Zhiyong.Looking into the network structure of Chinese urban system from the perspective of air transportation.Geographical Research,2002,21(3):276-286.]
[22]戴特奇,金凤君,王姣娥.空间相互作用与城市关联网络演进:以我国20世纪90年代城际铁路客流为例[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2):80-89.[Dai Teqi,Jin Fengjun,Wang Jiao’e.Spatial interaction and network structure evolvement of cities in term of China’s railway passenger flow in 1990s.Progress in Geography,2005,24(2):80-89.]
[23]钟业喜,陆玉麒.基于铁路网络的中国城市等级体系与分布格局[J].地理研究,2011,30(5):785-794.[Zhong Yexi,Lu Yuqi.Hierarchical structure and distribution pattern of Chinese urban system based on railway network.Geographical Research,2011,30(5):785-794.]
[24]陈伟,修春亮,柯文前,等.多元交通流视角下的中国城市网络层级特征[J].地理研究,2015,34(11):2073-2083.[Chen Wei,Xiu Chunliang,Ke Wenqian et al.Hierarchical structures of China’s city network from the perspective of multiple traffic flows.Geographical Research,2015,34(11):2073-2083.]
[25]项昀,王炜,郑敦勇,等.区域综合网络货运交通方式的优势运距研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(6):33-39.[Xiang Jun,Wang Wei,Zheng Dunyong et al.Dominant transportation distance for multi transportation modes in regional integrated freight network.Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2016,16(6):33-39.]
[26]徐国祥.统计预测和决策[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2005.[Xu Guoxiang.Prediction and decision of statistics.Shanghai:Press of Shanghai University of Finance Economics,2005.]
[27]吉林省统计局,国家统计局吉林调查总队.吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[Statistical Bureau of Jilin Province,Jilin Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics.Jilin statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.]
[28]辽宁省统计局,国家统计局辽宁调查总队.辽宁统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[Statistical Bureau of Liaoning Province,Liaoning Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics.Liaoning statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.]
[29]黑龙江省统计局,国家统计局黑龙江调查总队.黑龙江统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.[Statistical Bureau of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang Survey Team of the National Bureau of Statistics.Heilongjiang statistical yearbook.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.]
[30]周一星.主要经济联系方向论[J].城市规划,1998,22(2):22-25.[Zhou Yixing.Major Directions of economic linkages:Some theoretical considerations.City Planning Review,1998,22(2):22-25.]
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