渤海海域辽中凹陷LD油田油源断层运移能力定量评价及运移模式
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摘要
渤海海域辽中凹陷多个复杂断裂带内受次级调节正断层的控制形成了数量众多的断块圈闭,探井已经证实位于成熟烃源岩层系之上的断块圈闭其油源断层的垂向输导能力对不同断块的油气富集程度具有非常重要的影响。本文分析认为研究区油源断层的断面形态及其与成熟烃源岩段的接触面积是油气运移能力的主控因素,在此基础上,充分利用地震资料对油源断层进行精细解释,刻画断面三维形态展布及其与成熟烃源岩的接触,通过数值模拟方法定量计算了这两个地质因素控制下不同油源断层油气运移能力的大小,并结合测井资料对断层伴生裂缝带的发育特征进行了识别,建立了LD油田油气运移模式,研究结果表明:研究区内6条油源断层的油气运移能力存在明显差别;在整个油田范围内含油层段有24个油气充注点,且充注能力不同,控制了不同断块储量丰度的差异;油源断层伴生裂缝带的发育在断层两盘存在横向不对称性,在下降盘附近的裂缝更为发育,孔渗得到改善,从而导致这些充注点的油气在下降盘发生明显的分流作用。基于上述成果建立了研究区的油气运移模式,与实际钻探结果吻合较好。
In the Liaozhong sag,Bohai Sea,complex fault zones give rise to numerous secondary accommodation normal faults,which form and control a large number of fault block traps. Well data have confirmed that the vertical oil migration ability of source tapping faults,which connect mature source rocks with fault block traps located on top of it,is of great importance to abundance of oil and gas accumulation in these traps. The study regards that the geometry of source tapping fault's surface and its contact area within the mature source rocks control the oil and gas migration. Thus,the seismic data are used to elaborately interpret source tapping faults,to depict the three-dimensional geometry of fault section and its contact area within mature source rocks. Under the control of the above two geological factors,the migration ability was estimated by numerical simulation,and combined with logging data,we identified fault-associated fracture zones. Thus the model of oil and gas migration in LD oilfield is established based upon these results. The results are as follows: The oil migration ability of the six studied source tapping faults varies significantly. There are 24 charging points to the oil reservoir of the oilfield with diverse contributions,and result in different reserve abundance in different fault blocks. The intensity of associated fracture zone of the source tapping fault is different on either walls of the fault,with the better developed fractures and improved porosity and permeability near the downthrown side,where the selective hydrocarbon migration from the charging points occurs. And based on these results,we established the migration model of oil and gas in the study area,which matches well with the actual drilling results.
In the Liaozhong sag,Bohai Sea,complex fault zones give rise to numerous secondary accommodation normal faults,which form and control a large number of fault block traps. Well data have confirmed that the vertical oil migration ability of source tapping faults,which connect mature source rocks with fault block traps located on top of it,is of great importance to abundance of oil and gas accumulation in these traps. The study regards that the geometry of source tapping fault's surface and its contact area within the mature source rocks control the oil and gas migration. Thus,the seismic data are used to elaborately interpret source tapping faults,to depict the three-dimensional geometry of fault section and its contact area within mature source rocks. Under the control of the above two geological factors,the migration ability was estimated by numerical simulation,and combined with logging data,we identified fault-associated fracture zones. Thus the model of oil and gas migration in LD oilfield is established based upon these results. The results are as follows: The oil migration ability of the six studied source tapping faults varies significantly. There are 24 charging points to the oil reservoir of the oilfield with diverse contributions,and result in different reserve abundance in different fault blocks. The intensity of associated fracture zone of the source tapping fault is different on either walls of the fault,with the better developed fractures and improved porosity and permeability near the downthrown side,where the selective hydrocarbon migration from the charging points occurs. And based on these results,we established the migration model of oil and gas in the study area,which matches well with the actual drilling results.
引文
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[6]Antonellini M,Aydin A.Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones:Petrophysical properties[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(3):355-377.
[7]Doughty P T.Clay smear seals and fault sealing potential of an exhumed growth fault,Rio Grande rift,New Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(3):427-444.
[8]Paul R R,Laurel B G,Claudia J L.Controls on fault damage zone width,structure,and symmetry in the Bandelier Tuff,New Mexico[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2010,32:766-780.
[9]吴智平,陈伟,雪雁,等.断裂带的结构特征及其对油气的输导和封闭性[J].地质学报,2010,84(4):570-578.Wu Zhiping,Chen Wei,Xue Yan,et al.Structural characterisics of faulting zone and its ability in transporting and sealing oil and gas[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(4):570-578.
[10]付晓飞,方德庆,吕延防,等.从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法[J].地球科学,30(3):328-336.Fu Xiaofei,Fang Deqing,Lv Yanfang,ea al.Method of evaluating vertical sealing of faults in terms of the internal structure of fault zones[J].Earth Science-Journal of China Universtiy of Geoscience,2005,30(3):328-336.
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[13]夏庆龙,田立新,周心怀,等.渤海海域古近系层系沉积演化及储存分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:107-115.Xia Qinglong,Tian Lixin,Zhou Xinhuai,et al.Paleogene strata sedimentary evolution and distribution of reservoir in Bohai sea area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012:107-115.
[14]邓运华.郯庐断裂带新构造运动对渤海东部油气聚集的控制作用[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(5):301-305.Deng Yunhua.Control of the neotectonism along Tancheng-Lujing fracture zone on hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Bohai sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2001,15(5):301-305.
[15]万天丰.郯庐断裂带的形成与演化:综述[J].现代地质,1996,10(2):159-167.Wan Tianfeng.Formation and evolution of Tangcheng-Lujaing fault zone:A review[J].Geoscience,1996,10(2):159-167.
[16]赵密福,刘泽容,信荃麟,等.控制油气沿断层纵向运移的地质因素[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(6):21-26.Zhao Mifu,Liu Zerong,Xin Quanlin,et al.Geologic factors for controlling vertical migration of hydrocarbons along faults[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(6):21-26.
[17]James R B,Peter E,Grant G,et al.Evolution of a hydrocarbon migration pathway along basin-bounding faults:Evidence from fault cement[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(7):947-970.
[18]邓运华,李建平.浅层油气藏的形成机理—以渤海油区为例[M].石油工业出版社,2008:23-28.Deng Yunhua,Li Jianping.Shallowreservoir formation mechanism:A case in Bohai oil province[M].Petroleum Industry Press,2008,23-28.
[19]罗群,庞雄奇,姜振学.一种有效追踪油气运移轨迹的新方法—断面优势运移通道的提出及其应用[J].地质论评,2005,51(2):156-163.Luo Qun,Pang Xiongqi,Jiang Zhenxue.Anew method for effective trace petroleum migration path—concept of fault section dominant migrating channel and its Application[J].Geological Review,2005,51(2):156-163.
[20]姜振学,庞雄奇,曾溅辉,等.油气优势运移通道的类型及其物理模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):507-517.Jiang Zhenxue,Pang Xiongqi,Zeng Jianhui,et al.Research on types of the dominant migration pathways and their physical simulation experiments[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):507-517.
[21]王冰洁,罗胜元,陈艳红,等.东营凹陷博兴洼陷石油生成、运移和聚集史数值模拟[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):675-685.Wang Bingjie,Luo Shengyuan,Chen Yanhong,et al.Numerical simulation of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in the Boxing sag,Dongying Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):675-685.
[22]张善文,曾溅辉.断层对沾化凹陷馆陶组石油运移和聚集影响的模拟实验研究[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2003,28(2):185-191.Zhang Shanwen,Zeng Jianhui.Anexperiment study on influence of fault on petroleum migration and accumulation in Guantao formation,Zhanhua Depression[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(2):185-191.
[23]李廷辉,梁惠兰,胡永军,等.渤海湾埕北断阶区油气二次运移模式及其对勘探的作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(1):19-25.Li Tinghui,Liang Huilan,Hu Yongjun,et al.Hydrocarbonsecondary migration modes in Chengbei Ladder Fault Zone in Bohai gulf and their effects on exploration[J].Journal of Xi`a n Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(1):19-25.
[24]付晓飞,肖建华,孟令东.断裂在纯净砂岩中的变形机制及断裂带内部结构[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2014,13(1):25-35.Fu Xiaofei,Xiao Jianhua,Meng Lingdong.Fault deformation mechanisms and internal structure characteristics of fault zone in pure sandstone[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2014,13(1):25-35.
[25]付晓飞.张性断裂带内部结构特征及油气运移和保存研究[J].地学前缘,2012,6(2):200-210.Fu Xiaofei.Inetrnal structure of normal fault zone and hydrocarbon migration and conservation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,6(2):200-210.
[26]陈伟,吴智平,侯峰,等.断裂带内部结构特征及其与油气运聚的关系[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):774-780.Chen Wei,Wu Zhiping,Hou feng,et al.Internal structures of fault zones and their relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):774-780.
[27]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):4-7.Gao Jun,Lv Yanfang,Tian Qingfeng.Analysis of hydrocarbon migration through the fault based on interior structure of fault zone[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(2):4-7.
[28]唐晓明,魏周拓.声波测井技术的重要进展—偶极横波远探测测井[J].应用声学,2012,31(1):10-18.Tang Xiaoming,Wei Zhoutuo.Significant progress of logging technology:remote acoustic reflection imaging of a dipole acoustic system[J].Applied Acoustics,2012,31(1):10-18.
[29]刘伟,朱留芳,许东晖.断裂带结构单元特征及其测井识别方法研究[J].测井技术,2013,37(5):495-498.Liu Wei,Zhu Liufang,Xu Donghui.On features and logging recognition method of structure unit in fracture belt[J].Well Logging Technology,2013,37(5):495-498.
[2]龚再升,蔡东升,张功成.郯庐断裂对渤海海域东部油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油学报,2007,28(4):1-10.Gong Zaisheng,Cai Dongsheng,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Dominating action of Tanlu fault on hydrocarbon accumulation in Eastern Bohai Sea Area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(4):1-10.
[3]李伟,任健,刘一鸣,等.辽东湾坳陷东部新生代构造发育与成因机制[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):58-64.Li Wei,Ren Jian,Liu Yiming,et al.Development and formation mechanism of cenozoic tectonics in the East Area of Liaodong Bay Depression[J].Geological Science and Techonology Information,2015,34(6):58-64.
[4]姜素华,曾溅辉,李涛,等.断层面形态对中浅层石油运移影响的模拟实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005:35(2):245-248.Jiang Suhua,Zeng Jianhui,Li Tao,et al.An experimental study on the influence of fault-plane shape on petroleum migration in middle and shallow formations[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2005:35(2):245-248.
[5]Richard G G,Peter A B.Use of fault-seal analysis in understanding petroleum migration in a complexly faulted anticlinal trap,Columbus Basin,offshore Trinidad[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(3):465-478.
[6]Antonellini M,Aydin A.Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones:Petrophysical properties[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(3):355-377.
[7]Doughty P T.Clay smear seals and fault sealing potential of an exhumed growth fault,Rio Grande rift,New Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2003,87(3):427-444.
[8]Paul R R,Laurel B G,Claudia J L.Controls on fault damage zone width,structure,and symmetry in the Bandelier Tuff,New Mexico[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2010,32:766-780.
[9]吴智平,陈伟,雪雁,等.断裂带的结构特征及其对油气的输导和封闭性[J].地质学报,2010,84(4):570-578.Wu Zhiping,Chen Wei,Xue Yan,et al.Structural characterisics of faulting zone and its ability in transporting and sealing oil and gas[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(4):570-578.
[10]付晓飞,方德庆,吕延防,等.从断裂带内部结构出发评价断层垂向封闭性的方法[J].地球科学,30(3):328-336.Fu Xiaofei,Fang Deqing,Lv Yanfang,ea al.Method of evaluating vertical sealing of faults in terms of the internal structure of fault zones[J].Earth Science-Journal of China Universtiy of Geoscience,2005,30(3):328-336.
[11]周心怀,刘震,李潍莲.辽东湾断陷油气成藏机理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009,24-26.Zhou Xinhuai,Liu Zhen,Li Weilian.Oil and gas accumulation mechanism in Liaodong fault depression[M].Beijing:Oil Industry Press,2009,24-26.
[12]朱伟林,米立军,龚再升.渤海海域油气成藏与勘探[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:41-44.Zhu Weilin,Mi Lijun,Gong Zaisheng.Oil and gas ammumulation and exploration in Bohai sea area[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:41-44.
[13]夏庆龙,田立新,周心怀,等.渤海海域古近系层系沉积演化及储存分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012:107-115.Xia Qinglong,Tian Lixin,Zhou Xinhuai,et al.Paleogene strata sedimentary evolution and distribution of reservoir in Bohai sea area[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012:107-115.
[14]邓运华.郯庐断裂带新构造运动对渤海东部油气聚集的控制作用[J].中国海上油气(地质),2001,15(5):301-305.Deng Yunhua.Control of the neotectonism along Tancheng-Lujing fracture zone on hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Bohai sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2001,15(5):301-305.
[15]万天丰.郯庐断裂带的形成与演化:综述[J].现代地质,1996,10(2):159-167.Wan Tianfeng.Formation and evolution of Tangcheng-Lujaing fault zone:A review[J].Geoscience,1996,10(2):159-167.
[16]赵密福,刘泽容,信荃麟,等.控制油气沿断层纵向运移的地质因素[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(6):21-26.Zhao Mifu,Liu Zerong,Xin Quanlin,et al.Geologic factors for controlling vertical migration of hydrocarbons along faults[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(6):21-26.
[17]James R B,Peter E,Grant G,et al.Evolution of a hydrocarbon migration pathway along basin-bounding faults:Evidence from fault cement[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(7):947-970.
[18]邓运华,李建平.浅层油气藏的形成机理—以渤海油区为例[M].石油工业出版社,2008:23-28.Deng Yunhua,Li Jianping.Shallowreservoir formation mechanism:A case in Bohai oil province[M].Petroleum Industry Press,2008,23-28.
[19]罗群,庞雄奇,姜振学.一种有效追踪油气运移轨迹的新方法—断面优势运移通道的提出及其应用[J].地质论评,2005,51(2):156-163.Luo Qun,Pang Xiongqi,Jiang Zhenxue.Anew method for effective trace petroleum migration path—concept of fault section dominant migrating channel and its Application[J].Geological Review,2005,51(2):156-163.
[20]姜振学,庞雄奇,曾溅辉,等.油气优势运移通道的类型及其物理模拟实验研究[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):507-517.Jiang Zhenxue,Pang Xiongqi,Zeng Jianhui,et al.Research on types of the dominant migration pathways and their physical simulation experiments[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(4):507-517.
[21]王冰洁,罗胜元,陈艳红,等.东营凹陷博兴洼陷石油生成、运移和聚集史数值模拟[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):675-685.Wang Bingjie,Luo Shengyuan,Chen Yanhong,et al.Numerical simulation of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in the Boxing sag,Dongying Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(5):675-685.
[22]张善文,曾溅辉.断层对沾化凹陷馆陶组石油运移和聚集影响的模拟实验研究[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2003,28(2):185-191.Zhang Shanwen,Zeng Jianhui.Anexperiment study on influence of fault on petroleum migration and accumulation in Guantao formation,Zhanhua Depression[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2003,28(2):185-191.
[23]李廷辉,梁惠兰,胡永军,等.渤海湾埕北断阶区油气二次运移模式及其对勘探的作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(1):19-25.Li Tinghui,Liang Huilan,Hu Yongjun,et al.Hydrocarbonsecondary migration modes in Chengbei Ladder Fault Zone in Bohai gulf and their effects on exploration[J].Journal of Xi`a n Petroleum University(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(1):19-25.
[24]付晓飞,肖建华,孟令东.断裂在纯净砂岩中的变形机制及断裂带内部结构[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2014,13(1):25-35.Fu Xiaofei,Xiao Jianhua,Meng Lingdong.Fault deformation mechanisms and internal structure characteristics of fault zone in pure sandstone[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2014,13(1):25-35.
[25]付晓飞.张性断裂带内部结构特征及油气运移和保存研究[J].地学前缘,2012,6(2):200-210.Fu Xiaofei.Inetrnal structure of normal fault zone and hydrocarbon migration and conservation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,6(2):200-210.
[26]陈伟,吴智平,侯峰,等.断裂带内部结构特征及其与油气运聚的关系[J].石油学报,2010,31(5):774-780.Chen Wei,Wu Zhiping,Hou feng,et al.Internal structures of fault zones and their relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(5):774-780.
[27]高君,吕延防,田庆丰.断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):4-7.Gao Jun,Lv Yanfang,Tian Qingfeng.Analysis of hydrocarbon migration through the fault based on interior structure of fault zone[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(2):4-7.
[28]唐晓明,魏周拓.声波测井技术的重要进展—偶极横波远探测测井[J].应用声学,2012,31(1):10-18.Tang Xiaoming,Wei Zhoutuo.Significant progress of logging technology:remote acoustic reflection imaging of a dipole acoustic system[J].Applied Acoustics,2012,31(1):10-18.
[29]刘伟,朱留芳,许东晖.断裂带结构单元特征及其测井识别方法研究[J].测井技术,2013,37(5):495-498.Liu Wei,Zhu Liufang,Xu Donghui.On features and logging recognition method of structure unit in fracture belt[J].Well Logging Technology,2013,37(5):495-498.