多间隙灭弧结构熄灭工频电弧的仿真与试验
|
摘要
为研究多间隙灭弧结构遭雷电过电压击穿后熄灭工频续流电弧的能力,分析了多间隙灭弧室内的灭弧过程及可能的熄弧方式,并基于Mayr电弧模型理论,针对10 k V电压等级,建立了多间隙灭弧结构击穿后的电弧动态模型,计算了工频续流过零时电弧的熄灭过程,对影响熄弧效果的因素进行了分析;最后利用冲击与工频续流试验相结合的联合试验平台对具有多间隙结构的装置进行了联合试验。仿真与试验结果表明:较小的时间常数以及较高的耗散功率有利于工频续流电弧的熄灭,而多间隙灭弧结构能拉长电弧的特点能同时满足以上两点要求;联合试验时,多间隙灭弧结构能在闪络后的续流阶段快速熄灭电弧,熄弧发生在续流的第一个过零点时刻,熄弧后随着工频电压的恢复,该结构不会发生再次击穿;由于电弧在工频续流阶段存在一定的弧道压降,可保证输电线路不会发生短路性过流保护引发的跳闸事故。
In order to study the ability of the arc quenching structure with multi-gaps to quench the power frequency arc,the dynamic model of the arc generated by the breakdown of the 10 kV arc quenching structure was established based on the Mayr arc model theory;the arc quenching process during the power frequency follow current through the zero stage was calculated also,and a combined testing was carried out by using an integrated test for the power frequency and lightning-impulse.The results show that a smaller time constant and a higher dissipation power P are good for the power frequency arc quenching,and the characteristics of elongating arc by the multi-gaps can meet the above two requirements.In combined test,this structure can quench the arc quickly after the flashover,and the quenching time occurs at the time of power frequency follow current crossing the zero stage.After the arc extinction,the arc will not occur again with the recovery of the power frequency voltage.Because of the arc path pressure voltage drop,it can guarantee that the power system will not occur trip accident caused by short-circuit overcurrent protection.This shows that the structure can protect the insulator from lightning without flashover,and its ability to quench the power frequency arc quickly can avoid the coincidence brake accident.
In order to study the ability of the arc quenching structure with multi-gaps to quench the power frequency arc,the dynamic model of the arc generated by the breakdown of the 10 kV arc quenching structure was established based on the Mayr arc model theory;the arc quenching process during the power frequency follow current through the zero stage was calculated also,and a combined testing was carried out by using an integrated test for the power frequency and lightning-impulse.The results show that a smaller time constant and a higher dissipation power P are good for the power frequency arc quenching,and the characteristics of elongating arc by the multi-gaps can meet the above two requirements.In combined test,this structure can quench the arc quickly after the flashover,and the quenching time occurs at the time of power frequency follow current crossing the zero stage.After the arc extinction,the arc will not occur again with the recovery of the power frequency voltage.Because of the arc path pressure voltage drop,it can guarantee that the power system will not occur trip accident caused by short-circuit overcurrent protection.This shows that the structure can protect the insulator from lightning without flashover,and its ability to quench the power frequency arc quickly can avoid the coincidence brake accident.
引文
[1]Woodworth J J.Future directions for arrester design and application[C]//INMR World Congress on Insulators,Arresters,Bushings and Cable Accessories.Seoul,Korea:INMR,2011:74-79.
[2]王兰义,赵冬一,胡淑慧,等.从INMR全球会议看避雷器的发展趋势[J].电瓷避雷器,2011,5(11):37-45.Wang Lanyi,Zhao Dongyi,Hu Shuhui,et al.Development trends of arresters from INMR world congress[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2011,5(11):37-45(in Chinese).
[3]曾嵘,周旋,王泽众,等.国际防雷研究进展及前言述评[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):1-13.Zeng Rong,Zhou Xuan,Wang Zezhong,et al.Review of research advances and fronts on international lightning and protection[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):1-13(in Chinese).
[4]高文胜,张博文,周瑞旭,等.基于雷电定位系统监测数据的雷暴云趋势预测[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):523-529.Gao Wensheng,Zhang Bowen,Zhou Ruixu,et al.Nowcasting of the thunder trend based on data collected by lightning location system[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(2):523-529(in Chinese).
[5]谷山强,陈家宏,陈维江,等.架空输电线路雷击闪络预警方法[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):423-429.Gu Shanqiang,Chen Jiahong,Chen Weijiang,et al.Method for lightning flashover warning of overhead transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):423-429(in Chinese).
[6]王巨丰,郭伟,郭峰,等.喷射气体灭弧防雷间隙的灭弧效果[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):751-758.Wang Jufeng,Guo Wei,Guo Feng,et al.Arcextinguishing effects of jet gas arc-extinguishing lightning protection gaps[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):751-758(in Chinese).
[7]刘兵.多断口串联真空断路器开断过程均压措施研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2009.Liu Bing.Study on measures for voltage-sharing during interrupting process of vacuum circuit breaker with multiple breaks in series[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009(in Chinese).
[8]刘隆晨,张乔根,刘轩东,等.多间隙气体开关的电场分布特性[J].强激光与粒子束,2012,24(3):602-606.Liu Longchen,Zhang Qiagen,Liu Xuandong,et al.Electric field distribution characteristics of multi-gap gas switch[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2012,24(3):602-606(in Chinese).
[9]Podporkin G V,Enkin E Y,Kalakutsky E S,et al.Overhead lines lighting protection by multi-chamber arresters and insulator-arresters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(1):214-221.
[10]International Electrotechnical Commission.IEC60099-8:2011.Surge arresters-Part 8:Metal–oxide surge arresters with external series gap(EGLA)for overhead transmission and distribution lines of a.c.systems above1k V[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC publications,2011.
[11]张益民,申萌,罗六寿,等.带外串联间隙线路避雷器续流切断试验探讨[J].电瓷避雷器,2012(6):91-96.Zhang Yimin,Shen Meng,Luo Liushou,et al.Discussion on follow current interrupting test of externally gapped line arresters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2012(6):91-96(in Chinese).
[12]Luigi Paris,Rosario Cortina.Switching and lightning impulse discharge characteristics of large air gaps and long insulator strings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1968,87(4):947-957.
[13]关根志.高电压工程基础[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:132-135.Guan Genzhi.Foundation of high voltage engineering[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2003:132-135(in Chinese).
[14]Herman W,Ragaller K.Theoretical description of the current interruption in HV gas blast breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1977,96(5):1546-1555.
[15]Giere S,Karner P H C.Dielectric strength of double and single-break vacuum interrupters[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation,2001,8(1):43-47.
[16]Boxman R L,Goldsmith S,Greenwood A.Twenty-five years of progress in vacuum arc research and utilization[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1997,25(6):1174-1186.
[17]王章启,何俊佳,邹积岩,等.电力开关技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003:179-193.Wang Zhangqi,He Junjia,Zou Jiyan,et al.Power switch technology[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2003:179-193(in Chinese).
[18]夏天伟,订明道.电器学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999:36-49.Xia Tianwei,Ding Mingdao.Electrical science[M].Beijing:China Machinery Press,1999:36-49(in Chinese).
[19]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:38-85.Yan Zhang,Zhu Deheng.High voltage insulation technology[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2002:38-85(in Chinese).
[20]金佑民,樊友三.低温等离子体物理基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1983:152-160.Jin Youmin,Fan Yousan.Foundation of low temperature plasma physics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1983:152-160(in Chinese).
[21]杨茜,荣命哲,吴翊,等.低压断路器中空气电弧重击穿现象的仿真与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6):84-88.Yang Qian,Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,et al.Simulation and experimental research on air arc restriking in low-voltage circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(6):84-88(in Chinese).
[22]Rong Mingzhe,Yang Fei,Wu Yi,et al.Simulation of arc characteristics in miniature circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(9):2306-2311.
[23]Swierczynski B,Gonzalea J J,Teulet P,et al.Advances in low voltage circuit breaker modelling[J].Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics,2004,37(4):595-609.
[24]孟涛,林莘,徐建源.分段电弧模型下VFTO的计算与分析[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(9):69-73.Meng Tao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan.Calculation of very fast transient over-voltage on the condition of segmental arcing model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(9):69-73(in Chinese).
[25]Habedank U.Application of a new arc model for the evaluation of short-circuit breaking Tests[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1921-1925.
[26]黄绍平,杨青,李靖.基于MATLAB的电弧模型仿真[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(5):64-70.Huang Shaoping,Yang Qing,Li Jing.Simulation of arc models based on MATLAB[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2005,17(5):64-70(in Chinese).
[27]Pieter H S,Lou van der Sluis.An improved Mayr-type arc model based on current-zero measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(2):580-584.
[28]于然,付周兴,王清亮,等.基于MATLAB的电弧建模仿真及故障分析[J].高压电器,2011,47(9):95-99.Yu Ran,Fu Zhouxing,Wang Qingliang,et al.Modeling simulation and fault analysis of arc based on MATLAB[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(9):95-99(in Chinese).
[29]Huber E F J,Weltmann K D,Froehlich K.Influence of interrupted current amplitude on the post-arc current and gap recovery after current zero-experiment and simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1999,27(4):930-937.
[2]王兰义,赵冬一,胡淑慧,等.从INMR全球会议看避雷器的发展趋势[J].电瓷避雷器,2011,5(11):37-45.Wang Lanyi,Zhao Dongyi,Hu Shuhui,et al.Development trends of arresters from INMR world congress[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2011,5(11):37-45(in Chinese).
[3]曾嵘,周旋,王泽众,等.国际防雷研究进展及前言述评[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):1-13.Zeng Rong,Zhou Xuan,Wang Zezhong,et al.Review of research advances and fronts on international lightning and protection[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):1-13(in Chinese).
[4]高文胜,张博文,周瑞旭,等.基于雷电定位系统监测数据的雷暴云趋势预测[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):523-529.Gao Wensheng,Zhang Bowen,Zhou Ruixu,et al.Nowcasting of the thunder trend based on data collected by lightning location system[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(2):523-529(in Chinese).
[5]谷山强,陈家宏,陈维江,等.架空输电线路雷击闪络预警方法[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):423-429.Gu Shanqiang,Chen Jiahong,Chen Weijiang,et al.Method for lightning flashover warning of overhead transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):423-429(in Chinese).
[6]王巨丰,郭伟,郭峰,等.喷射气体灭弧防雷间隙的灭弧效果[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):751-758.Wang Jufeng,Guo Wei,Guo Feng,et al.Arcextinguishing effects of jet gas arc-extinguishing lightning protection gaps[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):751-758(in Chinese).
[7]刘兵.多断口串联真空断路器开断过程均压措施研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2009.Liu Bing.Study on measures for voltage-sharing during interrupting process of vacuum circuit breaker with multiple breaks in series[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009(in Chinese).
[8]刘隆晨,张乔根,刘轩东,等.多间隙气体开关的电场分布特性[J].强激光与粒子束,2012,24(3):602-606.Liu Longchen,Zhang Qiagen,Liu Xuandong,et al.Electric field distribution characteristics of multi-gap gas switch[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2012,24(3):602-606(in Chinese).
[9]Podporkin G V,Enkin E Y,Kalakutsky E S,et al.Overhead lines lighting protection by multi-chamber arresters and insulator-arresters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(1):214-221.
[10]International Electrotechnical Commission.IEC60099-8:2011.Surge arresters-Part 8:Metal–oxide surge arresters with external series gap(EGLA)for overhead transmission and distribution lines of a.c.systems above1k V[S].Geneva,Switzerland:IEC publications,2011.
[11]张益民,申萌,罗六寿,等.带外串联间隙线路避雷器续流切断试验探讨[J].电瓷避雷器,2012(6):91-96.Zhang Yimin,Shen Meng,Luo Liushou,et al.Discussion on follow current interrupting test of externally gapped line arresters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2012(6):91-96(in Chinese).
[12]Luigi Paris,Rosario Cortina.Switching and lightning impulse discharge characteristics of large air gaps and long insulator strings[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1968,87(4):947-957.
[13]关根志.高电压工程基础[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:132-135.Guan Genzhi.Foundation of high voltage engineering[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2003:132-135(in Chinese).
[14]Herman W,Ragaller K.Theoretical description of the current interruption in HV gas blast breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1977,96(5):1546-1555.
[15]Giere S,Karner P H C.Dielectric strength of double and single-break vacuum interrupters[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation,2001,8(1):43-47.
[16]Boxman R L,Goldsmith S,Greenwood A.Twenty-five years of progress in vacuum arc research and utilization[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1997,25(6):1174-1186.
[17]王章启,何俊佳,邹积岩,等.电力开关技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003:179-193.Wang Zhangqi,He Junjia,Zou Jiyan,et al.Power switch technology[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,2003:179-193(in Chinese).
[18]夏天伟,订明道.电器学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999:36-49.Xia Tianwei,Ding Mingdao.Electrical science[M].Beijing:China Machinery Press,1999:36-49(in Chinese).
[19]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:38-85.Yan Zhang,Zhu Deheng.High voltage insulation technology[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2002:38-85(in Chinese).
[20]金佑民,樊友三.低温等离子体物理基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1983:152-160.Jin Youmin,Fan Yousan.Foundation of low temperature plasma physics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1983:152-160(in Chinese).
[21]杨茜,荣命哲,吴翊,等.低压断路器中空气电弧重击穿现象的仿真与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(6):84-88.Yang Qian,Rong Mingzhe,Wu Yi,et al.Simulation and experimental research on air arc restriking in low-voltage circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(6):84-88(in Chinese).
[22]Rong Mingzhe,Yang Fei,Wu Yi,et al.Simulation of arc characteristics in miniature circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(9):2306-2311.
[23]Swierczynski B,Gonzalea J J,Teulet P,et al.Advances in low voltage circuit breaker modelling[J].Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics,2004,37(4):595-609.
[24]孟涛,林莘,徐建源.分段电弧模型下VFTO的计算与分析[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(9):69-73.Meng Tao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan.Calculation of very fast transient over-voltage on the condition of segmental arcing model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(9):69-73(in Chinese).
[25]Habedank U.Application of a new arc model for the evaluation of short-circuit breaking Tests[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1921-1925.
[26]黄绍平,杨青,李靖.基于MATLAB的电弧模型仿真[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(5):64-70.Huang Shaoping,Yang Qing,Li Jing.Simulation of arc models based on MATLAB[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2005,17(5):64-70(in Chinese).
[27]Pieter H S,Lou van der Sluis.An improved Mayr-type arc model based on current-zero measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(2):580-584.
[28]于然,付周兴,王清亮,等.基于MATLAB的电弧建模仿真及故障分析[J].高压电器,2011,47(9):95-99.Yu Ran,Fu Zhouxing,Wang Qingliang,et al.Modeling simulation and fault analysis of arc based on MATLAB[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(9):95-99(in Chinese).
[29]Huber E F J,Weltmann K D,Froehlich K.Influence of interrupted current amplitude on the post-arc current and gap recovery after current zero-experiment and simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1999,27(4):930-937.