运行激励下结构模态参数测试方法及其实现
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摘要
提出了一种在结构自身运行激励下只根据响应信号测试结构模态参数的方法—"峰值法"。通过MATLAB软件编程实现了该方法,并且利用传统的锤击方法和"峰值法"对一金属圆盘进行了实验模态分析。通过对比分析发现采用两种不同方法所取得的结果在前两阶模态中固有频率误差分别为1.6%和1.7%,阻尼比误差分别为7.2%和11%,振型整体趋势一致。从而验证了该方法的正确性。该方法适合不容易被激振的大型结构,而且能够分析结构在运行激励情况下的振动特性。
A structural modal parameters testing method( peak picking method) under excitation of operation is presented. Matlab software is used to realize the method. The experimental modal analysis of a metal disc is carried out by using peak picking method and traditional impact method. The result of different method is compared. It is found that in the first two order modes,the normal frequency errors are about 1. 6% and 1. 7% respectively,the damping ratio errors are 7. 2% and 11% respectively,the mode shapes are approximately the same. Thereby the accuracy of the peak picking method is verified. The method is suitable for the large structure which is not easy to be excited. Moreover,the vibration characteristics of the structure can be analyzed by this method.
A structural modal parameters testing method( peak picking method) under excitation of operation is presented. Matlab software is used to realize the method. The experimental modal analysis of a metal disc is carried out by using peak picking method and traditional impact method. The result of different method is compared. It is found that in the first two order modes,the normal frequency errors are about 1. 6% and 1. 7% respectively,the damping ratio errors are 7. 2% and 11% respectively,the mode shapes are approximately the same. Thereby the accuracy of the peak picking method is verified. The method is suitable for the large structure which is not easy to be excited. Moreover,the vibration characteristics of the structure can be analyzed by this method.
引文
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[2]佘东生,杨一柳,魏泽飞,等.基于激波的MEMS微结构底座冲击激励方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(8):1892-1900.SHE D SH,YANG Y L,WEI Z F,et al.Study on the impact base excitation method based on shock wave for mems microstructures[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2015,36(8):1892-1900.
[3]常健,李荣冰,刘建业,等.MEMS航姿系统振动环境适应性研究[J].电子测量技术,2015,38(9):93-97.CHANG J,LI R B,LIU J Y,et al.The research of vibration environment adaptability of MEMS AHRS[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2015,38(9):93-97.
[4]张保钦,雷保珍,赵林惠,等.风机叶片故障预测的振动方法研究[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2014,28(3):285-291.ZHANG B Q,LEI B ZH,ZHAO L H,et al.Research of vibration method of an blade fault forecasting[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,28(3):285-291.
[5]张利,卞晨,马学森,等.基于小波分析的汽车振动舒适性评价方法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2014,28(4):352-359.ZHANG L,BIAN CH,MA X S,et al.Evaluation method of vibration comfort of vehicle based on wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,28(4):352-359.
[6]张闻,张方,姜金辉.主动式动力反共振隔振系统控制策略研究与仿真[J].国外电子测量技术,2015(10):17-21.ZHANG W,ZHANG F,JIANG J H.Control design and simulation for active DAVI system[J].Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology,2015(10):17-21.
[7]邓林峰,赵荣珍,龚俊.一种改进的转子振动信号消噪方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2011,32(9):1961-1966.DENG L F,ZHAO R ZH,GONG J.Research on an improved de-noising method for rotor vibration signals[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2011,32(9):1961-1966.
[8]黄捷,季忠,段虎明,等.机械结构实验模态分析及典型应用[J].中国测试,2010(2):4-8.HUANG J,JI ZH,DUAN H M,et al.Experimental modal analysis of mechanical structure and typical applications[J].China Measurement&Testing,2010(2):4-8.
[9]黄琴,王彤,张海黎.基于随机减量的运行模态频域分析方法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2011(6):770-773.HUANG Q,WANG T,ZHANG H L.Operational modal analysis method based on random decrement[J].Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2011(6):770-773.
[10]魏要强,李斌,毛新勇,等.数控机床运行激励实验模态分析[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011(6):79-82.WEI Y J,LI B,MAO X Y,et al.Movement excitingbased experimental modal analysis of NC machine tools[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Nature Science Edition,2011(6):79-82.
[11]孙志春.基于运行工况的车辆系统工作模态分析[J].山东农业大学学报:自然科学版,2012(3):470-474.SUN ZH CH.Operational modal analysis of vehiclesys-tem based on operational conditions[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science,2012(3):470-474.
[12]蔡力钢,马仕明,赵永胜,等.多约束状态下重载机械式主轴有限元建模及模态分析[J].机械工程学报,2012(3):165-173.CAI L G,MA SH M,ZHAO Y SH,et al.Finite element modeling and modal analysis of Heavy-duty mechanical[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012(3):165-173.
[13]章国稳.环境激励下结构模态参数自动识别与算法优化[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.ZHANG G W.Modal parameter automatic identification for structures under ambient excitation and algorithm optimization[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2012.
[14]张武.汽车动力总成悬置系统多工况运行模态试验研究[J].中国机械工程,2013(22):3118-3123.ZHANG W.Experimental study on multi work conditions operational modal of automotive engine mounting system[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013(22):3118-3123.
[15]李舜铭,郭海东,李殿荣.振动信号处理方法综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(8):1907-1915.LI SH M,GUO H D,LI D R.Review of vibration signal processing methods[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013(08):1907-1915.
[16]洪明,雷川,崔洪宇.环境激励下船舶结构模态参数识别方法综述[J].船舶,2014(5):1-16.HONG M,LEI CH,CUI H Y.Review of modal identification of ship structure based on ambient excitation[J].Ship&Boat,2014(5):1-16.