提高地震波照明均匀性的加密炮设计新方法
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摘要
针对中国西部山前断裂带等近地表散射源较多地区的地震数据信噪比较低、地下目的层反射能量均匀性较差的问题,提出了基于震源组合、面向目标、增强目的层照明均匀性的炮点设计方法。首先,利用等炮间距的常规观测系统进行双程波波动方程地震照明模拟;其次,在目的层照明阴影区激发地震波,当初至波传播至地表时,利用坡印廷矢量进行地表方向统计,确定震源组合主波束方向,同时进行地表能量统计,确定局部加密组合震源的位置。模型试验结果表明:局部加密组合震源可明显提高阴影区的照明能量和目的层照明的均匀性,对复杂地区针对特定勘探目标的观测系统优化设计具有一定的指导意义。
Many near surface scattering sources in piedmont fault zones,Western China cause low S/N seismic data and non-uniform reflection energy on target interfaces.So we propose a solution of infill shot point design for target illumination uniformity improvement.First we simulate seismic illumination of a regular geometry with two-way wave equation.Then,we simulate seismic shooting at shadow areas of target illumination. When first breaks arrive at the surface,we calculate the surface propagation direction with Poynting vector and the surface illumination energy.The main beam direction of source is determined by direction statistics.And infill source locations are determined by energy statistics.Models test show that our proposed method can greatly improve illumination energy of the shadow zones and target illumination uniformity,which may be very helpful for acquisition geometry optimization in complex subsurface areas.
Many near surface scattering sources in piedmont fault zones,Western China cause low S/N seismic data and non-uniform reflection energy on target interfaces.So we propose a solution of infill shot point design for target illumination uniformity improvement.First we simulate seismic illumination of a regular geometry with two-way wave equation.Then,we simulate seismic shooting at shadow areas of target illumination. When first breaks arrive at the surface,we calculate the surface propagation direction with Poynting vector and the surface illumination energy.The main beam direction of source is determined by direction statistics.And infill source locations are determined by energy statistics.Models test show that our proposed method can greatly improve illumination energy of the shadow zones and target illumination uniformity,which may be very helpful for acquisition geometry optimization in complex subsurface areas.
引文
[1]Berkhout A J,Ongkiekong L,Volker A W F et al.Comprehensive assessment of seismic acquisition geometries by focal beams—partⅠ:theoretical considerations.Geophysics,2001,66(3):918-931.
[2]Bear G,Lu C,Lu R et al.The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing.The Leading Edge,2000,19(7):726-731.
[3]Ostmo S and Maao F.Seismic illumination from finite-difference modeling.Expanded Abstracts of 65th EAGE Conference&Technical Exhibition,2003,146-149.
[4]赵虎,尹成,李瑞等.基于目的层照明能量的炮点设计方法.石油物探,2010,49(5):478-481.Zhao Hu,Yin Cheng,Li Rui et al.Shot point design based on the illumination energy of target interval.GPP,2010,49(5):478-481.
[5]Zhao Hu,Yin Cheng,Hou Pengjun et al.An automatical infill shot method for uniform imaging of target layer.Applied Geophysics,2013,10(2):222-237.
[6]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化.石油物探,2006,45(1):40-47.Dong Liangguo,Wu Xiaofeng,Tang Haizhong et al.Seismic wave illumination for overthrust nappe structure and optimal seismic survey design.GPP,2006,45(1):40-47.
[7]朱金平,董良国,程玖兵.基于地震照明、面向勘探目标的三维观测系统优化设计.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):339-348.Zhu Jinping,Dong Liangguo and Cheng Jiubing.Target-oriented 3D seismic optimal geometry design based on seismic illumination.OGP,2011,46(3):339-348.
[8]尹川,张金淼,顾汉明等.基于伪谱法的复杂构造模型双程波地震照明模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):641-647.Yin Chuan,Zhang Jinmiao,Gu Hanming et al.Complex structure model illumination modeling with twoway wave equation based on pseudo-spectral method.OGP,2014,49(4):641-647.
[9]Arnold M E.Beam forming with vibrator arrays.Geophysics,1977,42(7):1321-1338.
[10]黄洪泽.沙漠区浅井组合法的生命力.石油物探,1984,23(4):99-101.Huang Hongze.The vitality of shallow-well combination in desert area.GPP,1984,23(4):9-101.
[11]徐峰,刘福烈,梁向豪.基于相控理论的炮点组合设计技术.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):170-175.Xu Feng,Liu Fulie and Liang Xianghao.A method for source array design based on the phased-array theory.OGP,2011,46(2):170-175.
[12]汪仁富,徐峰,刘福烈等.波动方程震源组合模拟定量研究.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):538-544.Wang Renfu,Xu Feng,Liu Fulie et al.Quantitative analysis of source array effectiveness based on wave equation.OGP,2011,46(4):538-544
[13]刘福烈,徐峰,李志勇等.组合激发参数理论分析.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(1):1-7.Liu Fulie,Xu Feng,Li Zhiyong et al.Source pattern parameters theoretical analysis.OGP,2013,48(1):1-7.
[14]蔡纪琰,孙成禹,项龙云等.炸药震源定向激发方式数值模拟及效果对比.石油物探,2013,52(2):184-194.Cai Jiyan,Sun Chengyu,Xiang Longyun et al.Numerical simulation of dynamite source orientation excitation pattern and results comparison.GPP,2013,52(2):184-194.
[15]巩向博,韩立国,李洪建等.起伏地表组合震源地震波场定向方法.地球物理学报,2014,57(12):4150-4156.Gong Xiangbo,Han Liguo,Li Hongjian et al.The method of the directional seismic wave-field based on a source array on the surface with topographic relief.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(12):4150-4156.
[16]密士文,朱自强,彭凌星.基于相控震源的深部矿体微弱信号增强方法.中国有色金属学报,2013,23(9):2388-2395.Mi Shiwen,Zhu Ziqiang,Peng Lingxing.Improving method for weak signals from deep mineral resources based on phased array sources.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(9):2388-2395.
[17]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reverse-time migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1057-1060.
[18]裴正林.波动方程地震定向照明分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):645-651.Pei Zhenglin.Analysis on wave equation seismic directional illumination.OGP,2008,43(6):645-651.
[19]雷涛,顾汉明,李列等.面向目标靶区的双程波动方程地震定向照明分析.石油物探,2014,53(4):437-443.Lei Tao,Gu Hanming,Li Lie et al.Target-oriented seismic directional illumination analysis based on twoway acoustic wave equation.GPP,2014,53(4):437-443.
[20]陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):169-177.Chen Shengchang,Ma Zaitian,Wu Rushan.Twoway subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation.Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2007,35(5):682-684.
[21]陈生昌,毕亚杰,林晨.地震观测系统评价的波动方程方向照明方法.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):656-661.Chen Shengchang,Bi Yajie,Lin Chen.Seismic acquisition geometry evaluation method based on wave equation directional illumination technique.OGP,2009,44(6):656-661.
[22]牛滨华.半空间介质与地震波传播.北京:石油工业出版社,2002,56-68.
[23]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007,25-28.
[24]杜世通.地震波动力学理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009,25-27.
[2]Bear G,Lu C,Lu R et al.The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing.The Leading Edge,2000,19(7):726-731.
[3]Ostmo S and Maao F.Seismic illumination from finite-difference modeling.Expanded Abstracts of 65th EAGE Conference&Technical Exhibition,2003,146-149.
[4]赵虎,尹成,李瑞等.基于目的层照明能量的炮点设计方法.石油物探,2010,49(5):478-481.Zhao Hu,Yin Cheng,Li Rui et al.Shot point design based on the illumination energy of target interval.GPP,2010,49(5):478-481.
[5]Zhao Hu,Yin Cheng,Hou Pengjun et al.An automatical infill shot method for uniform imaging of target layer.Applied Geophysics,2013,10(2):222-237.
[6]董良国,吴晓丰,唐海忠等.逆掩推覆构造的地震波照明与观测系统优化.石油物探,2006,45(1):40-47.Dong Liangguo,Wu Xiaofeng,Tang Haizhong et al.Seismic wave illumination for overthrust nappe structure and optimal seismic survey design.GPP,2006,45(1):40-47.
[7]朱金平,董良国,程玖兵.基于地震照明、面向勘探目标的三维观测系统优化设计.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):339-348.Zhu Jinping,Dong Liangguo and Cheng Jiubing.Target-oriented 3D seismic optimal geometry design based on seismic illumination.OGP,2011,46(3):339-348.
[8]尹川,张金淼,顾汉明等.基于伪谱法的复杂构造模型双程波地震照明模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(4):641-647.Yin Chuan,Zhang Jinmiao,Gu Hanming et al.Complex structure model illumination modeling with twoway wave equation based on pseudo-spectral method.OGP,2014,49(4):641-647.
[9]Arnold M E.Beam forming with vibrator arrays.Geophysics,1977,42(7):1321-1338.
[10]黄洪泽.沙漠区浅井组合法的生命力.石油物探,1984,23(4):99-101.Huang Hongze.The vitality of shallow-well combination in desert area.GPP,1984,23(4):9-101.
[11]徐峰,刘福烈,梁向豪.基于相控理论的炮点组合设计技术.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(2):170-175.Xu Feng,Liu Fulie and Liang Xianghao.A method for source array design based on the phased-array theory.OGP,2011,46(2):170-175.
[12]汪仁富,徐峰,刘福烈等.波动方程震源组合模拟定量研究.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):538-544.Wang Renfu,Xu Feng,Liu Fulie et al.Quantitative analysis of source array effectiveness based on wave equation.OGP,2011,46(4):538-544
[13]刘福烈,徐峰,李志勇等.组合激发参数理论分析.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(1):1-7.Liu Fulie,Xu Feng,Li Zhiyong et al.Source pattern parameters theoretical analysis.OGP,2013,48(1):1-7.
[14]蔡纪琰,孙成禹,项龙云等.炸药震源定向激发方式数值模拟及效果对比.石油物探,2013,52(2):184-194.Cai Jiyan,Sun Chengyu,Xiang Longyun et al.Numerical simulation of dynamite source orientation excitation pattern and results comparison.GPP,2013,52(2):184-194.
[15]巩向博,韩立国,李洪建等.起伏地表组合震源地震波场定向方法.地球物理学报,2014,57(12):4150-4156.Gong Xiangbo,Han Liguo,Li Hongjian et al.The method of the directional seismic wave-field based on a source array on the surface with topographic relief.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(12):4150-4156.
[16]密士文,朱自强,彭凌星.基于相控震源的深部矿体微弱信号增强方法.中国有色金属学报,2013,23(9):2388-2395.Mi Shiwen,Zhu Ziqiang,Peng Lingxing.Improving method for weak signals from deep mineral resources based on phased array sources.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(9):2388-2395.
[17]Yoon K,Marfurt K J,Starr W.Challenges in reverse-time migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1057-1060.
[18]裴正林.波动方程地震定向照明分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):645-651.Pei Zhenglin.Analysis on wave equation seismic directional illumination.OGP,2008,43(6):645-651.
[19]雷涛,顾汉明,李列等.面向目标靶区的双程波动方程地震定向照明分析.石油物探,2014,53(4):437-443.Lei Tao,Gu Hanming,Li Lie et al.Target-oriented seismic directional illumination analysis based on twoway acoustic wave equation.GPP,2014,53(4):437-443.
[20]陈生昌,马在田,吴如山.波动方程双程地下方向照明分析.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(5):169-177.Chen Shengchang,Ma Zaitian,Wu Rushan.Twoway subsurface directional illumination analysis by wave equation.Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science Edition),2007,35(5):682-684.
[21]陈生昌,毕亚杰,林晨.地震观测系统评价的波动方程方向照明方法.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):656-661.Chen Shengchang,Bi Yajie,Lin Chen.Seismic acquisition geometry evaluation method based on wave equation directional illumination technique.OGP,2009,44(6):656-661.
[22]牛滨华.半空间介质与地震波传播.北京:石油工业出版社,2002,56-68.
[23]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007,25-28.
[24]杜世通.地震波动力学理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2009,25-27.
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