虚源成像观测系统设计方法
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摘要
虚源成像法可以避开地形起伏和复杂上覆地层对深部地质目标体的影响,提高地震勘探的分辨率和保真度。为了提高虚源成像的质量,在射线分析的基础上,给出了单层水平介质条件下虚源成像观测系统设计的定量表达式,从运动学的角度解释了固定相位点的物理意义,即满足反射波入射角等于直达波入射角的炮检点空间分布。同时,提出了调谐采样间隔的概念,为反射波信息准确重构的定量评价提供了一种有效方法。在此基础上,研究了不同参数对虚源成像质量的影响,其中介质速度和检波点的埋藏深度对成像质量有较大影响,而地质目标体的埋藏深度以及检波点间距对成像质量影响较小。数值试验的结果表明,随着介质速度和检波点埋藏深度的不断增大,调谐采样间隔不断增大,炮间距的选择范围也随之不断增大,进而为虚源成像地震数据采集提供更加高效保真的设计方案。
The virtual-source imaging method is able to avoid the influence of topography and complex overlying layers on deep geological targets and improve the resolution and fidelity of seismic exploration.To improve the quality of virtual-source imaging,based on ray analysis,the quantitative expression for observation system design of virtual-source imaging is given under the conditions of single-layer horizontal medium in this study,so as to interpret the physical meaning of stationary phase point from the perspective of kinematics,i.e.,the space distribution of shot-receiver points with the incident angle of reflected wave equal to that of direct wave.Meanwhile,the concept of tuning sampling interval is proposed to offer an efficient method for quantitatively analyzing the accurate reconstruction of reflected wave information.On this basis,the influences of different parameters on virtual-source imaging quality are studied;the medium velocity and buried depth of receivers have a major influence on imaging quality,while the buried depth of geological targets and the shot receiver interval have a minor influence on imaging quality.The results of numerical experiment show that the tuning sampling interval increases gradually with the constant increasing of medium velocity and buried depth of receiver,which enlarges the selection range of shot interval and further supplies the design scheme with high efficiency and fidelity for the acquisition of seismic data based on virtual-source imaging.
The virtual-source imaging method is able to avoid the influence of topography and complex overlying layers on deep geological targets and improve the resolution and fidelity of seismic exploration.To improve the quality of virtual-source imaging,based on ray analysis,the quantitative expression for observation system design of virtual-source imaging is given under the conditions of single-layer horizontal medium in this study,so as to interpret the physical meaning of stationary phase point from the perspective of kinematics,i.e.,the space distribution of shot-receiver points with the incident angle of reflected wave equal to that of direct wave.Meanwhile,the concept of tuning sampling interval is proposed to offer an efficient method for quantitatively analyzing the accurate reconstruction of reflected wave information.On this basis,the influences of different parameters on virtual-source imaging quality are studied;the medium velocity and buried depth of receivers have a major influence on imaging quality,while the buried depth of geological targets and the shot receiver interval have a minor influence on imaging quality.The results of numerical experiment show that the tuning sampling interval increases gradually with the constant increasing of medium velocity and buried depth of receiver,which enlarges the selection range of shot interval and further supplies the design scheme with high efficiency and fidelity for the acquisition of seismic data based on virtual-source imaging.
引文
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[20]乔宝平,郭平,王璞,等.基于逆虚折射干涉法有效提取近地表弱地震信号[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(6):1900-1909.QIAO Baoping,GUO Ping,WANG Pu,et al.Effectively picking weak seismic signal near the surface based on reverse virtual refraction interferometry[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(6):1910-1909.
[21]QIAO B P,GUO P,WANG P,et al.Retrieval of super-virtual refraction by cross-correlation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2015,63(3):552-566.
[22]KORNEEV V,BAKULIN A.On the fundamentals of the virtual source method[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):A13-A17.
[23]BAKULIN A,CALVERT R.The virtual source method:Theory and case study[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):SI139-SI150.
[24]BAKULIN A,CALVERT R.Virtual source method:overview of history and development:SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008[C].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2008:2726-2730.
[25]VAN DER NEUT J,BAKULIN A.The effects of time-gating and radiation correction on Virtual Source data:SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008[C].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2008:2922-2930.
[26]WAPENAAR K,FOKKEMA J.Green’s function representation for seismic interferometry[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):SI33-SI46.
[27]崔永福,彭更新,吴国忱,等.孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震正演及叠前深度偏移[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):827-836.CUI Yongfu,PENG Gengxin,WU Guochen,et al.Seismic forward modeling and pre-stack depth migration of porous-type carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):827-836.
[28]罗仁泽,何国林,包科,等.基于优化系数的混合域Fourier有限差分叠前深度偏移[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1553-1558.LUO Renze,HE Guolin,BAO Ke,et al.Mixed-domain Fourier finite-difference prestack depth migration based on coefficient optimization[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1553-1558.
[29]QIAO B,CHENG J,HE W,et al.The suppression of artificial events in super-virtual refraction by radon transformation:77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,June 1,2015[C].EAGE,2015.
[30]MEHTA K,SNIEDER R,CALVERT R,et al.Acquisition geometry requirements for generating virtual-source data[J].The Leading Edge,2008,27(5):620-629.
[2]MIKESELL T D,VAN WIJK K,CALVERT A,et al.The virtual refraction:Useful spurious energy in seismic interferometry[J].Geophysics,2009,74(3):A13-A17.
[3]XU S,ZHANG Y,TANG B.3D angle gathers from reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,2011,76(2):S77-S91.
[4]HOKSTAD K,SOLLIE R.3D surface-related multiple elimination using parabolic sparse inversion[J].Geophysics,2006,71(6):V145-V152.
[5]吴静,吴志强,胡天跃,等.基于构建虚同相轴压制地震层间多次波[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(3):985-994.WU Jing,WU Zhiqiang,HU Tianyue,et al.Seismic internal multiple attenuation based on constructing virtual events[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(3):985-994.
[6]王姣,李红梅,李振春,等.基于GRNN振幅谱估计的井控提高地震分辨率技术[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):715-723.WANG Jiao,LI Hongmei,LI Zhenchun,et al.Well-controlled seismic resolution enhancement technology based on GRNN amplitude spectrum estimation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):715-723.
[7]CLAERBOUT J F.Synthesis of a layered medium from its acoustic transmission response[J].Geophysics,1968,33(2):264-269.
[8]WAPENAAR K.From order to disorder to order:aphilosophical view on seismic interferometry:SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2007[C].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2007:2683-2687.
[9]WAPENAAR K,SLOB E,SNIEDER R.Unified Green’s function retrieval by cross correlation[J].Physical Review Letters,2006,97(23):234301.
[10]WEAVER R L,LOBKIS O L.Diffuse fields in ultrasonics and seismology[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):SI5-SI9.
[11]SNIEDER R.Extracting the Green’s function of attenuating heterogeneous acoustic media from uncorrelated waves[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2007,121(5):2637-2643.
[12]SCHUSTER G T,YU J,SHENG J,et al.Interferometric/daylight seismic imaging[J].Geophysical Journal International,2004,157(2):838-852.
[13]SCHUSTER G T,ZHOU Min.A theoretical overview of modelbased and correlation-based redatuming methods[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):SI103-SI110.
[14]SCHUSTER G T.Seismic interferometry[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2010:1-260.
[15]程浩,王德利,冯飞,等.噪声被动源数据一次波估计[J].石油学报,2015,36(2):197-202,223.CHENG Hao,WANG Deli,FENG Fei,et al.Estimating primaries from passive seismic data activated by noise sources[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(2):197-202,223.
[16]常旭,刘伊克,王辉,等.地震相干偏移与数据自参照偏移的关系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2840-2845.CHANG Xu,LIU Yike,WANG Hui,et al.Seismic interferometric migration and data-referenced-only migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(11):2840-2845.
[17]徐基祥.地震干涉测量法近地表散射波分离技术[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(6):1910-1923.XU Jixiang.Separating the near-surface seismic scattered wave using seismic interferometry method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(6):1910-1923.
[18]MIKESELL T D,VAN WIJK K,RUIGROK E,et al.A modified delay-time method for statics estimation with the virtual refraction[J].Geophysics,2012,77(6):A29-A33.
[19]BHARADWAJ P,SCHUSTER G T,MALLINSON I,et al.Super-virtual refraction interferometry:theory:SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011[C].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2011:3809-3813.
[20]乔宝平,郭平,王璞,等.基于逆虚折射干涉法有效提取近地表弱地震信号[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(6):1900-1909.QIAO Baoping,GUO Ping,WANG Pu,et al.Effectively picking weak seismic signal near the surface based on reverse virtual refraction interferometry[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(6):1910-1909.
[21]QIAO B P,GUO P,WANG P,et al.Retrieval of super-virtual refraction by cross-correlation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2015,63(3):552-566.
[22]KORNEEV V,BAKULIN A.On the fundamentals of the virtual source method[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):A13-A17.
[23]BAKULIN A,CALVERT R.The virtual source method:Theory and case study[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):SI139-SI150.
[24]BAKULIN A,CALVERT R.Virtual source method:overview of history and development:SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008[C].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2008:2726-2730.
[25]VAN DER NEUT J,BAKULIN A.The effects of time-gating and radiation correction on Virtual Source data:SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008[C].Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2008:2922-2930.
[26]WAPENAAR K,FOKKEMA J.Green’s function representation for seismic interferometry[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):SI33-SI46.
[27]崔永福,彭更新,吴国忱,等.孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震正演及叠前深度偏移[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):827-836.CUI Yongfu,PENG Gengxin,WU Guochen,et al.Seismic forward modeling and pre-stack depth migration of porous-type carbonate reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):827-836.
[28]罗仁泽,何国林,包科,等.基于优化系数的混合域Fourier有限差分叠前深度偏移[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1553-1558.LUO Renze,HE Guolin,BAO Ke,et al.Mixed-domain Fourier finite-difference prestack depth migration based on coefficient optimization[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(12):1553-1558.
[29]QIAO B,CHENG J,HE W,et al.The suppression of artificial events in super-virtual refraction by radon transformation:77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,June 1,2015[C].EAGE,2015.
[30]MEHTA K,SNIEDER R,CALVERT R,et al.Acquisition geometry requirements for generating virtual-source data[J].The Leading Edge,2008,27(5):620-629.
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