近地表散射体波场特征分析及成像
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摘要
研究近地表散射波基本特征,确定散射体的位置,有助于地震成像,进而进行勘测规划,避免地质灾害。为研究近地表异质体波场特征,利用高阶有限差分数值模拟技术和扰动理论方法,模拟了浅地表散射体的波场记录,分析了近地表散射波基本特征;通过引入逆时偏移成像技术利用散射波场作为外推波场,定位了近地表散射体。数值计算结果表明:面波散射能量强于体波散射,正向散射波能量强于逆向散射;散射波逆时偏移对近地表散射体可精确成像,近地表散射体可看作为一个二次震源,增加了近地表照明。利用散射波场可提高近地表速度反演精度和地震成像精度。
Studying the basic characteristics of near-surface scattering waves and determining the location of near-surface heterogeneities help seismic imaging,survey planning,and avoiding geological disasters.In order to study the wave fields characteristics of near-surface heterogeneous bodies,the authors used the high-order finite difference numerical simulation technique and perturbation theory method to simulate the wave field records of shallow surface scatters and analyze the basic characteristics of near-surface scattering waves.The near surface heterogeneity was located by introducing of reverse time migration imaging technology with the scattering wave field as an extrapolated wave field. The numerical results indicate that surface-wave scatterings are usually stronger than those bodywave scatterings and that forward scatterings are also stronger than backward scatterings.Moreover,near-surface scatters can be precisely imaged by the elastic wave reverse time migration.The near-surface scatters can be regarded as a secondary source,which increases the near-surface illumination.Using the scattered wave field can improve the accuracy of near-surface velocity inversion and seismic imaging.
Studying the basic characteristics of near-surface scattering waves and determining the location of near-surface heterogeneities help seismic imaging,survey planning,and avoiding geological disasters.In order to study the wave fields characteristics of near-surface heterogeneous bodies,the authors used the high-order finite difference numerical simulation technique and perturbation theory method to simulate the wave field records of shallow surface scatters and analyze the basic characteristics of near-surface scattering waves.The near surface heterogeneity was located by introducing of reverse time migration imaging technology with the scattering wave field as an extrapolated wave field. The numerical results indicate that surface-wave scatterings are usually stronger than those bodywave scatterings and that forward scatterings are also stronger than backward scatterings.Moreover,near-surface scatters can be precisely imaged by the elastic wave reverse time migration.The near-surface scatters can be regarded as a secondary source,which increases the near-surface illumination.Using the scattered wave field can improve the accuracy of near-surface velocity inversion and seismic imaging.
引文
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[26]杨庆节,刘财,耿美霞,等.交错网格任意阶导数有限差分格式及差分系数推导[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2014,44(1):375-385.
[27]Komatitsch D,Martin R.An unsplit convolutional perfectly matched layer improved at grazing incidence for the seismic wave equation[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM155-SM167.
[28]Zhang W,Shen Y.Unsplit complex frequency-shifted PML implementation using auxiliary differential equations for seismic wave modeling[J].Geophysics,2010,75(4):T141-T154.
[29]董良国,马在田,曹景忠.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.
[30]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478.
[31]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振,等.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.
[32]Park C B,Miller R D,Xia J.Multichannel analysis of surface waves[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):800-808.
[33]Haskell N A.The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media[J].Bulletin of the seismological Society of America,1953,43(1):17-34.
[2]Fleury C.Increasing illumination and sensitivity of reverse‐time migration with internal multiples[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2013,61(5):891-906.
[3]Gubernatis J E,Domany E,Krumhansl J A,et al.The Born approximation in the theory of the scattering of elastic waves by flaws[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1977,48(7):2812-2819.
[4]Wu R S,Aki K.Scattering characteristics of elastic waves by an elastic heterogeneity[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):582-595.
[5]Sato H,Fehler M C,Maeda T.Seismic wave propagation and scattering in the heterogeneous earth[M].Berlin:Springer,2012.
[6]Beydoun W B,Mendes M.Elastic ray-Born l 2-migration/inversion[J].Geophysical Journal International,1989,97(1):151-160.
[7]Ernst F E,Herman G C,Ditzel A.Removal of scattered guided waves from seismic data[J].Geophysics,2002,67(4):1240-1248.
[8]Virieux J.P-SV wave propagation in heterogeneous media:Velocity-stress finite-difference method[J].Geophysics,1986,51(4):889-901.
[9]Levander A R.Fourth-order finite-difference P-SV seismograms[J].Geophysics,1988,53(11):1425-1436.
[10]Almuhaidib A M,Toks9z M N.Numerical modeling of elastic-wave scattering by near-surface heterogeneities[J].Geophysics,2014,79(4):T199-T217.
[11]裴正林,牟永光.非均匀介质地震波传播交错网格高阶有限差分法模拟[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003(6):17-21,149.
[12]刘洪林,陈可洋,杨微,等.高阶交错网格有限差分法纵横波波场分离数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):877-884.
[13]杨旭明,裴正林.复杂近地表弹性波波场特征研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007(6):658-664,733,606.
[14]Chen X.A systematic and efficient method of computing normal modes for multilayered half-space[J].Geophysical Journal International,1993,115(2):391-409.
[15]Robertsson J O A.A numerical free-surface condition for elastic/viscoelastic finite-difference modeling in the presence of topography[J].Geophysics,1996,61(6):1921-1934.
[16]裴正林.任意起伏地表弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法数值模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004(6):629-634,621,751.
[17]李振春,肖建恩,曲英铭,等.时间域起伏自由地表正演模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(1):300-309.
[18]Riyanti C D,Herman G C.Three-dimensional elastic scattering by near-surface heterogeneities[J].Geophysical Journal International,2005,160(2):609-620.
[19]Campman X,Dwi Riyanti C.Non-linear inversion of scattered seismic surface waves[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,171(3):1118-1125.
[20]Baysal E,Dan D K,Sherwood J W C.Reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[21]Mcmechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of time-dependent boundary values[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31(3):413-420.
[22]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backward time propagation[C]//Expanded Abstracts of the 53rdAnnual SEG Meeting,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1983:382-385.
[23]Sun R,Mcmechan G A,Lee C S,et al.Prestack scalar reverse-time depth migration of 3D elastic seismic data[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5).
[24]Wu R S.The perturbation method in elastic wave scattering[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1989,131(4):605-637.
[25]周竹生,刘喜亮,熊孝雨.弹性介质中瑞雷面波有限差分法正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):567-573.
[26]杨庆节,刘财,耿美霞,等.交错网格任意阶导数有限差分格式及差分系数推导[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2014,44(1):375-385.
[27]Komatitsch D,Martin R.An unsplit convolutional perfectly matched layer improved at grazing incidence for the seismic wave equation[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM155-SM167.
[28]Zhang W,Shen Y.Unsplit complex frequency-shifted PML implementation using auxiliary differential equations for seismic wave modeling[J].Geophysics,2010,75(4):T141-T154.
[29]董良国,马在田,曹景忠.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.
[30]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478.
[31]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振,等.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.
[32]Park C B,Miller R D,Xia J.Multichannel analysis of surface waves[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):800-808.
[33]Haskell N A.The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media[J].Bulletin of the seismological Society of America,1953,43(1):17-34.
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