南黄海近海富营养化长期演变的沉积记录
|
摘要
限于现场调查起步晚、系统性不足,南黄海水体富营养化的历史演变进程目前尚不明确,严重制约了其形成机制及生态响应的深入研究。本文基于沉积物柱状样中保存的海洋环境演变信息,通过~(210)Pb构建沉积物的年代学框架,利用生物硅指示古初级生产力,探讨了近100年来南黄海近海的富营养化进程。结果显示:1980s以前,南黄海近海初级生产力总体偏低,其年代际波动与华北地区的干湿气候变化有关,水体未出现明显的富营养化;1980s以后,初级生产力的波动背离了气候变化的调控,大幅升高了约31%—254%,说明改革开放以后随着我国经济的快速发展,南黄海近海水体开始出现严重的富营养化。经分析得出,近年来大量含氮污染物的排放入海可能是导致该海域水体富营养化的主要原因。
Frequent harmful algal blooms in coastal waters of China in recent years have been believed to be the result of eutrophication.However,in the southern Yellow Sea,the historical process of water eutrophication is not clear for lack of survey data.Focusing on this problem,we examined the clues of marine environmental changes preserved in sediment cores.With the use of 210 Pb and biogenic silica(BS_i),we estimated the age of sediment and rebuilt the change trend of paleo-productivity.The historical process of eutrophication in the past 100 a in coastal waters of the area is discussed.Results revealed obviously the variation in primary productivity in the past 100 a.Results show that before 1980 s,primary productivity was relatively low in the study area,and its decadal fluctuation was closely related to dry/wet climate changes in North China.However,after 1980 s,primary productivity increased significantly by 31%—254%,which obviously departed from the regulation of natural climate changes.This sudden increase clearly indicates that eutrophication has become serious,for which the massive emission of terrestrial nitrogenous contaminants to coastal waters is responsible,under the rapid development of Chinese economy.
Frequent harmful algal blooms in coastal waters of China in recent years have been believed to be the result of eutrophication.However,in the southern Yellow Sea,the historical process of water eutrophication is not clear for lack of survey data.Focusing on this problem,we examined the clues of marine environmental changes preserved in sediment cores.With the use of 210 Pb and biogenic silica(BS_i),we estimated the age of sediment and rebuilt the change trend of paleo-productivity.The historical process of eutrophication in the past 100 a in coastal waters of the area is discussed.Results revealed obviously the variation in primary productivity in the past 100 a.Results show that before 1980 s,primary productivity was relatively low in the study area,and its decadal fluctuation was closely related to dry/wet climate changes in North China.However,after 1980 s,primary productivity increased significantly by 31%—254%,which obviously departed from the regulation of natural climate changes.This sudden increase clearly indicates that eutrophication has become serious,for which the massive emission of terrestrial nitrogenous contaminants to coastal waters is responsible,under the rapid development of Chinese economy.
引文
王俊,2001.黄海春季浮游植物的调查研究.海洋水产研究,22(1):56-61
王保栋,王桂云,郑昌洙等,1999.南黄海营养盐的平面分布及横向输运.海洋学报,21(6):124-129
王保栋,孙霞,韦钦胜等,2012.我国近岸海域富营养化评价新方法及应用.海洋学报,34(4):61-66
韦钦胜,傅明珠,葛人峰等,2010.南黄海冷水域35°N断面化学水文学特征及营养盐的季节变化.环境科学,31(9):2063-2074
韦钦胜,臧家业,魏修华等,2011.秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布及其与环流场的关系.海洋学报,33(1):74-82
文斐,孙晓霞,郑珊等,2012.2011年春、夏季黄、东海叶绿素a和初级生产力的时空变化特征.海洋与湖沼,43(3):438-444
叶曦雯,刘素美,赵颖翡等,2004.东、黄海沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义.中国环境科学,24(3):265-269
吕末晓,栾青杉,彭亮等,2016.2014年夏黄海浮游植物群集及其对物理过程的响应.海洋科学进展,34(1):70-84
朱明远,毛兴华,吕瑞华等,1993.黄海海区的叶绿素a和初级生产力.黄渤海海洋,11(3):38-51
米铁柱,姚庆祯,孟佳等,2012.2011年春、夏季黄海、东海营养盐分布特征研究.海洋与湖沼,43(3):678-688
杨茜,2012.东、黄海泥质区沉积断面中古生产力的长期记录.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文
吴玉霖,孙松,张永山,2005.环境长期变化对胶州湾浮游植物群落结构的影响.海洋与湖沼,36(6):487-498.
吴在兴,俞志明,宋秀贤等,2014.基于水质状态和生态响应的综合富营养化评价模型--以山东半岛典型海域富营养化评价为例.海洋与湖沼,45(1):20-31
张志锋,贺欣,张哲等,2012.渤海富营养化现状、机制及其与赤潮的时空耦合性.海洋环境科学,31(4):465-468,483
周斌,王悠,王进河等,2010.山东半岛南部近岸海域富营养化状况的多元评价研究.海洋学报,32(2):128-138.
周鹏,2007.东海沉积物岩芯中生物硅的测定及其地层学分析.厦门:厦门大学硕士学位论文
周名江,朱明远,2006.“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展.地球科学进展,21(7):673-679
赵一阳,李凤业,De Master D J等,1991.南黄海沉积速率和沉积通量的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,22(1):38-43
赵颖翡,刘素美,叶曦雯等,2005.黄、东海柱状沉积物中生物硅含量的分析.中国海洋大学学报,35(3):423-428
徐明德,韦鹤平,张海平,2006.黄海南部近岸海域水质现状分析.中北大学学报,27(1):66-70
黄文祥,沈亮夫,朱琳,1984.黄海的浮游植物.海洋环境科学,3(3):19-28
Bashkin V N,Park S U,Choi M S et al,2002.Nitrogen budgets for the Republic of Korea and the Yellow Sea region.Biogeochemistry,57(1):387-403
Casta?eda I S,Werne J P,Johnson T C et al,2011.Organic geochemical records from Lake Malawi(East Africa)of the last 700years,part II:biomarker evidence for recent changes in primary productivity.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,303(1-4):140-154
Dai J C,Song J M,Li X G et al,2007.Environmental changes reflected by sedimentary geochemistry in recent hundred years of Jiaozhou Bay,North China.Environmental Pollution,145(3):656-667
Goldberg E D,1963.Geochronology with 210Pb.In:Radioactive Dating.Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,121-131
Huang X P,Huang L M,Yue W Z,2003.The characteristics of nutrients and eutrophication in the Pearl River estuary,South China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,47(1-6):30-36
Leinen M,Cwienk D,Heath G R et al,1986.Distribution of biogenic silica and quartz in recent deep-sea sediments.Geology,14(3):199-203
Lin C,Ning X,Su J et al,2005.Environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems of the Yellow Sea during1976-2000.Journal of Marine Systems,55(3-4):223-234
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,He P M et al,2013a.The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea,China:formation and implications.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,129:2-10
Liu F,Pang S J,Chopin T et al,2013b.Understanding the recurrent large-scale green tide in the Yellow Sea:temporal and spatial correlations between multiple geographical,aquacultural and biological factors.Marine Environmental Research,83:38-47
Loucaides S,Van Cappellen P,Roubeix V et al,2012.Controls on the recycling and preservation of biogenic silica from biomineralization to burial.Silicon,4(1):7-22
Lyle M,Murray D W,Finney B P et al,1988.The record of late Pleistocene biogenic sedimentation in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.Paleoceanography,3(1):39-59
Maneesha K,Sarma V V S S,Reddy N P C et al,2011.Meso-scale atmospheric events promote phytoplankton blooms in the coastal Bay of Bengal.Journal of Earth System Science,120(4):773-782
Rabalais N N,Turner R E,Gupta B K S et al,2007.Sediments tell the history of eutrophication and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico.Ecological Applications,17(S5):S129-S143
Reichwaldt E S,Ghadouani A,2012.Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate:between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics.Water Research,46(5):1372-1393
Rohrssen M,Love G D,Fischer W et al,2013.Lipid biomarkers record fundamental changes in the microbial community structure of tropical seas during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation.Geology,41(2):127-130
Schelske C L,Stoermer E F,Conley D J et al,1983.Early eutrophication in the lower Great Lakes.Science,222(4621):320-322
Shi X Y,Qi M Y,Tang H J et al,2015.Spatial and temporal nutrient variations in the Yellow Sea and their effects on Ulva prolifera blooms.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:36-43
Strokal M,Kroeze C,Li L L et al,2015.Increasing dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus export by the Pearl River(Zhujiang):a modeling approach at the sub-basin scale to assess effective nutrient management.Biogeochemistry,125(2):221-242
Tang D L,Di B P,Wei G F et al,2006.Spatial,seasonal and species variations of harmful algal blooms in the South Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Hydrobiologia,568(1):245-253
Turner R E,Rabalais N N,1994.Coastal eutrophication near the Mississippi river delta.Nature,368(6472):619-621
Valiela I,Camilli L,Stone T et al,2012.Increased rainfall remarkably freshens estuarine and coastal waters on the Pacific coast of Panama:magnitude and likely effects on upwelling and nutrient supply.Global and Planetary Change,92-93:130-137
Wang B D,2006.Cultural eutrophication in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)plume:history and perspective.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,69(3-4):471-477
Wang B D,Wang X L,Zhan R,2003.Nutrient conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,58(1):127-136
Wang L,Fan D J,Li W R et al,2014.Grain-size effect of biogenic silica in the surface sediments of the East China Sea.Continental Shelf Research,81:29-37
Wang Z H,Feng J,Nie X P,2015.Recent environmental changes reflected by metals and biogenic elements in sediments from the Guishan Island,the Pearl River Estuary,China.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,164:493-505
Yu Y,Song J M,Li X G et al,2012.Geochemical records of decadal variations in terrestrial input and recent anthropogenic eutrophication in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters.Applied Geochemistry,27(8):1556-1566
Zhang J,Liu S M,Ren J L et al,2007.Nutrient gradients from the eutrophic Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary to the oligotrophic Kuroshio waters and re-evaluation of budgets for the East China Sea Shelf.Progress in Oceanography,74(4):449-478
Zheng J Y,Wang W C,Ge Q S et al,2006.Precipitation variability and extreme events in eastern China during the past 1500 years.Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,17(3):579-592
Zhou X,Sun L G,Huang W et al,2012.Precipitation in the Yellow River drainage basin and East Asian monsoon strength on a decadal time scale.Quaternary Research,78(3):486-491
Zhu Z Y,Wu Y,Zhang J et al,2014.Reconstruction of anthropogenic eutrophication in the region off the Changjiang Estuary and central Yellow Sea:from decades to centuries.Continental Shelf Research,72:152-162
Zimmerman A R,Canuel E A,2000.A geochemical record of eutrophication and anoxia in Chesapeake Bay sediments:anthropogenic influence on organic matter composition.Marine Chemistry,69(1-2):117-137
王保栋,王桂云,郑昌洙等,1999.南黄海营养盐的平面分布及横向输运.海洋学报,21(6):124-129
王保栋,孙霞,韦钦胜等,2012.我国近岸海域富营养化评价新方法及应用.海洋学报,34(4):61-66
韦钦胜,傅明珠,葛人峰等,2010.南黄海冷水域35°N断面化学水文学特征及营养盐的季节变化.环境科学,31(9):2063-2074
韦钦胜,臧家业,魏修华等,2011.秋季南黄海西部营养盐的分布及其与环流场的关系.海洋学报,33(1):74-82
文斐,孙晓霞,郑珊等,2012.2011年春、夏季黄、东海叶绿素a和初级生产力的时空变化特征.海洋与湖沼,43(3):438-444
叶曦雯,刘素美,赵颖翡等,2004.东、黄海沉积物中生物硅的分布及其环境意义.中国环境科学,24(3):265-269
吕末晓,栾青杉,彭亮等,2016.2014年夏黄海浮游植物群集及其对物理过程的响应.海洋科学进展,34(1):70-84
朱明远,毛兴华,吕瑞华等,1993.黄海海区的叶绿素a和初级生产力.黄渤海海洋,11(3):38-51
米铁柱,姚庆祯,孟佳等,2012.2011年春、夏季黄海、东海营养盐分布特征研究.海洋与湖沼,43(3):678-688
杨茜,2012.东、黄海泥质区沉积断面中古生产力的长期记录.青岛:中国海洋大学博士学位论文
吴玉霖,孙松,张永山,2005.环境长期变化对胶州湾浮游植物群落结构的影响.海洋与湖沼,36(6):487-498.
吴在兴,俞志明,宋秀贤等,2014.基于水质状态和生态响应的综合富营养化评价模型--以山东半岛典型海域富营养化评价为例.海洋与湖沼,45(1):20-31
张志锋,贺欣,张哲等,2012.渤海富营养化现状、机制及其与赤潮的时空耦合性.海洋环境科学,31(4):465-468,483
周斌,王悠,王进河等,2010.山东半岛南部近岸海域富营养化状况的多元评价研究.海洋学报,32(2):128-138.
周鹏,2007.东海沉积物岩芯中生物硅的测定及其地层学分析.厦门:厦门大学硕士学位论文
周名江,朱明远,2006.“我国近海有害赤潮发生的生态学、海洋学机制及预测防治”研究进展.地球科学进展,21(7):673-679
赵一阳,李凤业,De Master D J等,1991.南黄海沉积速率和沉积通量的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,22(1):38-43
赵颖翡,刘素美,叶曦雯等,2005.黄、东海柱状沉积物中生物硅含量的分析.中国海洋大学学报,35(3):423-428
徐明德,韦鹤平,张海平,2006.黄海南部近岸海域水质现状分析.中北大学学报,27(1):66-70
黄文祥,沈亮夫,朱琳,1984.黄海的浮游植物.海洋环境科学,3(3):19-28
Bashkin V N,Park S U,Choi M S et al,2002.Nitrogen budgets for the Republic of Korea and the Yellow Sea region.Biogeochemistry,57(1):387-403
Casta?eda I S,Werne J P,Johnson T C et al,2011.Organic geochemical records from Lake Malawi(East Africa)of the last 700years,part II:biomarker evidence for recent changes in primary productivity.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,303(1-4):140-154
Dai J C,Song J M,Li X G et al,2007.Environmental changes reflected by sedimentary geochemistry in recent hundred years of Jiaozhou Bay,North China.Environmental Pollution,145(3):656-667
Goldberg E D,1963.Geochronology with 210Pb.In:Radioactive Dating.Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,121-131
Huang X P,Huang L M,Yue W Z,2003.The characteristics of nutrients and eutrophication in the Pearl River estuary,South China.Marine Pollution Bulletin,47(1-6):30-36
Leinen M,Cwienk D,Heath G R et al,1986.Distribution of biogenic silica and quartz in recent deep-sea sediments.Geology,14(3):199-203
Lin C,Ning X,Su J et al,2005.Environmental changes and the responses of the ecosystems of the Yellow Sea during1976-2000.Journal of Marine Systems,55(3-4):223-234
Liu D Y,Keesing J K,He P M et al,2013a.The world's largest macroalgal bloom in the Yellow Sea,China:formation and implications.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,129:2-10
Liu F,Pang S J,Chopin T et al,2013b.Understanding the recurrent large-scale green tide in the Yellow Sea:temporal and spatial correlations between multiple geographical,aquacultural and biological factors.Marine Environmental Research,83:38-47
Loucaides S,Van Cappellen P,Roubeix V et al,2012.Controls on the recycling and preservation of biogenic silica from biomineralization to burial.Silicon,4(1):7-22
Lyle M,Murray D W,Finney B P et al,1988.The record of late Pleistocene biogenic sedimentation in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.Paleoceanography,3(1):39-59
Maneesha K,Sarma V V S S,Reddy N P C et al,2011.Meso-scale atmospheric events promote phytoplankton blooms in the coastal Bay of Bengal.Journal of Earth System Science,120(4):773-782
Rabalais N N,Turner R E,Gupta B K S et al,2007.Sediments tell the history of eutrophication and hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico.Ecological Applications,17(S5):S129-S143
Reichwaldt E S,Ghadouani A,2012.Effects of rainfall patterns on toxic cyanobacterial blooms in a changing climate:between simplistic scenarios and complex dynamics.Water Research,46(5):1372-1393
Rohrssen M,Love G D,Fischer W et al,2013.Lipid biomarkers record fundamental changes in the microbial community structure of tropical seas during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation.Geology,41(2):127-130
Schelske C L,Stoermer E F,Conley D J et al,1983.Early eutrophication in the lower Great Lakes.Science,222(4621):320-322
Shi X Y,Qi M Y,Tang H J et al,2015.Spatial and temporal nutrient variations in the Yellow Sea and their effects on Ulva prolifera blooms.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,163:36-43
Strokal M,Kroeze C,Li L L et al,2015.Increasing dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus export by the Pearl River(Zhujiang):a modeling approach at the sub-basin scale to assess effective nutrient management.Biogeochemistry,125(2):221-242
Tang D L,Di B P,Wei G F et al,2006.Spatial,seasonal and species variations of harmful algal blooms in the South Yellow Sea and East China Sea.Hydrobiologia,568(1):245-253
Turner R E,Rabalais N N,1994.Coastal eutrophication near the Mississippi river delta.Nature,368(6472):619-621
Valiela I,Camilli L,Stone T et al,2012.Increased rainfall remarkably freshens estuarine and coastal waters on the Pacific coast of Panama:magnitude and likely effects on upwelling and nutrient supply.Global and Planetary Change,92-93:130-137
Wang B D,2006.Cultural eutrophication in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)plume:history and perspective.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,69(3-4):471-477
Wang B D,Wang X L,Zhan R,2003.Nutrient conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,58(1):127-136
Wang L,Fan D J,Li W R et al,2014.Grain-size effect of biogenic silica in the surface sediments of the East China Sea.Continental Shelf Research,81:29-37
Wang Z H,Feng J,Nie X P,2015.Recent environmental changes reflected by metals and biogenic elements in sediments from the Guishan Island,the Pearl River Estuary,China.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,164:493-505
Yu Y,Song J M,Li X G et al,2012.Geochemical records of decadal variations in terrestrial input and recent anthropogenic eutrophication in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters.Applied Geochemistry,27(8):1556-1566
Zhang J,Liu S M,Ren J L et al,2007.Nutrient gradients from the eutrophic Changjiang(Yangtze River)Estuary to the oligotrophic Kuroshio waters and re-evaluation of budgets for the East China Sea Shelf.Progress in Oceanography,74(4):449-478
Zheng J Y,Wang W C,Ge Q S et al,2006.Precipitation variability and extreme events in eastern China during the past 1500 years.Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,17(3):579-592
Zhou X,Sun L G,Huang W et al,2012.Precipitation in the Yellow River drainage basin and East Asian monsoon strength on a decadal time scale.Quaternary Research,78(3):486-491
Zhu Z Y,Wu Y,Zhang J et al,2014.Reconstruction of anthropogenic eutrophication in the region off the Changjiang Estuary and central Yellow Sea:from decades to centuries.Continental Shelf Research,72:152-162
Zimmerman A R,Canuel E A,2000.A geochemical record of eutrophication and anoxia in Chesapeake Bay sediments:anthropogenic influence on organic matter composition.Marine Chemistry,69(1-2):117-137