菊花心江蓠的光合特性及其应用研究
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摘要
测定不同光强下菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)的产氧率和耗氧率.结果表明,20 000 lx以内菊花心江蓠的产氧率和光强的相关曲线的回归方程为y=0. 000 144 3x-0. 122 1,R2=0. 993 8,实验条件下菊花心江蓠的耗氧率为0. 121±0. 010 mg/(g·h),光补偿点为825 lx,光饱和点在20 000～22 000 lx之间,光饱和时的产氧率为2. 723±0. 329 mg/(g·h).光饱和以后菊花心江蓠的产氧率基本保持不变,45 000 lx以后出现轻微光抑制现象.测量水下光强随水深变化情况,发现水深达到水体透明度深度时,光强约14 000～15 000 lx,与菊花心江蓠的最大生长率的光强接近.测量不同养殖模式的溶解氧浓度昼夜变化,发现养殖密度过大可能在凌晨出现缺氧状态.根据菊花心江蓠的光合特性,提出江蓠养殖、江蓠用于生态修复的水深调控方法以及江蓠用于生态养殖的密度调控方法,以保持不同需求条件下较高的经济或生态效益.
The effects of light intensity on oxygen production and consumption rates of Gracilaria lichevoides were studied by "light-dark bottle"oxygen method in indoor and outdoor experiments. The results indicate that under20 000 lx the rate of oxygen production by G. lichevoides and the light intensity showed linear relationship by correlated equation of y = 0. 000 144 3 x-0. 122 1( R2= 0. 993 8). The oxygen consumption rate of G. lichevoides was0. 121 ± 0. 010 mg/( g·h),the light compensation point was 825 lx,the saturation point was between 20 000 and22 000 lx and the oxygen production rate at light saturation point was 2. 723 ± 0. 329 mg/( g·h). The oxygen production rate was basically unchanged when light intensity was above light saturation point,but it decreased slightly and showed a slight photo-inhibition above 45 000 lx. The light intensity,measured with the changes of water depth,showed that it was 14 000-15 000 lx when the water depth was less than the Secchi depth,and under this light intensity,the growth rate of G. lichevoides reached the highest. It was found that exorbitant breeding density could occur aquatic hypoxia early in the morning by measuring diurnal variation of dissolved oxygen concentration in different cultivation mode. According to the photosynthesis characteristics of G. lichevoides,methods by adjusting the depth of the water for G. lichevoides cultivation or bioremediation,and controlling breeding density for ecological aquaculture were proposed to maintain high economic and ecological benefits for the request of different conditions.
The effects of light intensity on oxygen production and consumption rates of Gracilaria lichevoides were studied by "light-dark bottle"oxygen method in indoor and outdoor experiments. The results indicate that under20 000 lx the rate of oxygen production by G. lichevoides and the light intensity showed linear relationship by correlated equation of y = 0. 000 144 3 x-0. 122 1( R2= 0. 993 8). The oxygen consumption rate of G. lichevoides was0. 121 ± 0. 010 mg/( g·h),the light compensation point was 825 lx,the saturation point was between 20 000 and22 000 lx and the oxygen production rate at light saturation point was 2. 723 ± 0. 329 mg/( g·h). The oxygen production rate was basically unchanged when light intensity was above light saturation point,but it decreased slightly and showed a slight photo-inhibition above 45 000 lx. The light intensity,measured with the changes of water depth,showed that it was 14 000-15 000 lx when the water depth was less than the Secchi depth,and under this light intensity,the growth rate of G. lichevoides reached the highest. It was found that exorbitant breeding density could occur aquatic hypoxia early in the morning by measuring diurnal variation of dissolved oxygen concentration in different cultivation mode. According to the photosynthesis characteristics of G. lichevoides,methods by adjusting the depth of the water for G. lichevoides cultivation or bioremediation,and controlling breeding density for ecological aquaculture were proposed to maintain high economic and ecological benefits for the request of different conditions.
引文
[1]汤坤贤,焦念志,游秀萍,等.菊花心江蓠在网箱养殖区的生物修复作用[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(2):156-161.
[2]汤坤贤,游秀萍,林亚森,等.龙须菜对富营养化海水的生物修复[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):3 044-3 051.
[3]汤坤贤,袁东星,林泗彬,等.江蓠对赤潮消亡及主要水质指标的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2003,22(2):24-27.
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[5]刘思俭,向曙光,林本松,等.江蓠的光合作用研究:不同光照强度对光合作用的影响[J].水产学报,1985,9(1):29-35.
[6]毛玉泽,杨红生,周毅,等.龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)的生长、光合作用及其对扇贝排泄氮磷的吸收[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3 225-3 231.
[7]卢晓,李美真,王志刚,等.光照和温度对脆江蓠的生长和生化组成的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(6):1 236-1 243.
[8]钟志海,黄中坚,陈伟洲.不同环境因子对异枝江蓠的生长及生化组分的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(3):98-104.
[9]汤坤贤.近海富营养化生物修复及其微生态效应[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009:84-85.
[10]孙忠,余方平,姚海富,等.网箱养殖大黄鱼和美国红鱼的耗氧率与氮排泄率[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2004,23(3):207-210.
[11]杜启艳,常重杰.四种鱼耗氧率和窒息点的研究[J].河南水产,2004(1):31-32.
[12]陈婉情,吴洪喜,吴亮. 5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼的耗氧率及窒息点[J].海洋学研究,2015,3(2):76-81.
[13] JIANG J N. Study of oxygen consumption rate,CO2exhaust,respiratory quotient and tolerance to low dissolved oxygen in four shrimps species[J]. Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,1999,19(1):10-16.
[14]陈琴,陈晓汉.南美白对虾耗氧率和窒息点的初步测定[J].水利渔业,2001,21(2):14-15.
[15]李松青,林小涛,李卓佳,等.摄食对凡纳滨对虾耗氧率和氮、磷排泄率的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(2):44-48.
[16]王慧,来琦芳,房文红. K+对中国明对虾幼虾生存及耗氧率、窒息点的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):493-497.
[17]汤坤贤.龙须菜对网箱养殖区的生物修复研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):488-492.
[2]汤坤贤,游秀萍,林亚森,等.龙须菜对富营养化海水的生物修复[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):3 044-3 051.
[3]汤坤贤,袁东星,林泗彬,等.江蓠对赤潮消亡及主要水质指标的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2003,22(2):24-27.
[4]刘思俭,曾淑芳.江篱在不同水层中的光合作用与生长[J].水产学报,1982,6(1):59-64.
[5]刘思俭,向曙光,林本松,等.江蓠的光合作用研究:不同光照强度对光合作用的影响[J].水产学报,1985,9(1):29-35.
[6]毛玉泽,杨红生,周毅,等.龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)的生长、光合作用及其对扇贝排泄氮磷的吸收[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3 225-3 231.
[7]卢晓,李美真,王志刚,等.光照和温度对脆江蓠的生长和生化组成的影响[J].中国水产科学,2014,21(6):1 236-1 243.
[8]钟志海,黄中坚,陈伟洲.不同环境因子对异枝江蓠的生长及生化组分的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(3):98-104.
[9]汤坤贤.近海富营养化生物修复及其微生态效应[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009:84-85.
[10]孙忠,余方平,姚海富,等.网箱养殖大黄鱼和美国红鱼的耗氧率与氮排泄率[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2004,23(3):207-210.
[11]杜启艳,常重杰.四种鱼耗氧率和窒息点的研究[J].河南水产,2004(1):31-32.
[12]陈婉情,吴洪喜,吴亮. 5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼的耗氧率及窒息点[J].海洋学研究,2015,3(2):76-81.
[13] JIANG J N. Study of oxygen consumption rate,CO2exhaust,respiratory quotient and tolerance to low dissolved oxygen in four shrimps species[J]. Journal of Zhanjiang Ocean University,1999,19(1):10-16.
[14]陈琴,陈晓汉.南美白对虾耗氧率和窒息点的初步测定[J].水利渔业,2001,21(2):14-15.
[15]李松青,林小涛,李卓佳,等.摄食对凡纳滨对虾耗氧率和氮、磷排泄率的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2006,25(2):44-48.
[16]王慧,来琦芳,房文红. K+对中国明对虾幼虾生存及耗氧率、窒息点的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):493-497.
[17]汤坤贤.龙须菜对网箱养殖区的生物修复研究[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(3):488-492.