浅埋近距离煤层群分类及其采场支护阻力确定
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摘要
以神府矿区浅埋煤层群开采为背景,采用实测、物理模拟及理论分析的方法,揭示了浅埋煤层群开采的矿压特征,提出了基于岩层控制的浅埋煤层群科学分类。建立了3类浅埋煤层群顶板结构模型,提出了工作面合理支护阻力的确定方法。研究表明:间隔层厚度与下煤层采高之比(间采比G)是影响煤层群下工作面矿压特征及浅埋煤层群分类的关键指标。提出了浅埋煤层群的3类划分:Ⅰ类为无关键层的浅埋极近距离煤层群,间采比一般小于3.3,下煤层工作面来压主要受上煤层垮落顶板活化结构影响,存在来压分区;Ⅱ类为浅埋单关键层近距离煤层群,间采比一般为3.3～7.3,表现为典型浅埋煤层矿压特征;Ⅲ类为浅埋双关键层近距离煤层群,间采比一般大于5.3～11.3,表现为近浅埋煤层矿压特征。通过建立下煤层开采顶板结构模型,给出了工作面支护阻力的计算方法。
Taking the condition of shallow buried seams group mining in Shenfu mine field as the background, by field measurements, physical simulations and theoretical analyses, the features of ground pressures in the shallow buried seams group are revealed. The scientific classification of shallow buried seams group based on strata control is put forward. Three types of roof structure for the shallow buried seams group are proposed and the calculation method of reasonable support resistance is given. Results show that the ratio G of interval strata thickness to mining height for the lower coal seam is the key index of effecting the roof pressure characteristics and classification of shallow buried seams group. The classification of shallow buried seams group is classified as: Type Ⅰ, shallow buried ultra-distance seams group with no key stratum. G is generally less than 3.3. The roof pressure is mainly affected by the caving roof with activation structure of upper coal seams and it has different weighting zones. Type Ⅱ, the shallow buried seams group with a single key stratum. G is about 3.3-7.3. The roof pressure behavior belongs to a typical shallow coal seam. Type Ⅲ, the shallow buried close seams group with double key strata. G is generally greater than 5.3 but less than 11.3. The roof pressure features show like approximate shallow seams have. Through establishing the roof structure models for the shallow buried seams group, the calculation method of support resistance is given.
Taking the condition of shallow buried seams group mining in Shenfu mine field as the background, by field measurements, physical simulations and theoretical analyses, the features of ground pressures in the shallow buried seams group are revealed. The scientific classification of shallow buried seams group based on strata control is put forward. Three types of roof structure for the shallow buried seams group are proposed and the calculation method of reasonable support resistance is given. Results show that the ratio G of interval strata thickness to mining height for the lower coal seam is the key index of effecting the roof pressure characteristics and classification of shallow buried seams group. The classification of shallow buried seams group is classified as: Type Ⅰ, shallow buried ultra-distance seams group with no key stratum. G is generally less than 3.3. The roof pressure is mainly affected by the caving roof with activation structure of upper coal seams and it has different weighting zones. Type Ⅱ, the shallow buried seams group with a single key stratum. G is about 3.3-7.3. The roof pressure behavior belongs to a typical shallow coal seam. Type Ⅲ, the shallow buried close seams group with double key strata. G is generally greater than 5.3 but less than 11.3. The roof pressure features show like approximate shallow seams have. Through establishing the roof structure models for the shallow buried seams group, the calculation method of support resistance is given.
引文
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[13]谷拴成,陈盼,王建文,等.采空区下煤层开采矿压显现规律实测研究[J].煤炭工程,2013(9):64-67.GU Shuancheng,CHEN Pan,WANG Jianwen,et al.Study on the lower coal seam mine pressure behavior under goaf[J].Coal Engineering,2013(9):64-67.
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[15]任艳芳.浅埋深近距离煤层矿压及覆岩运动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(7):11-14.REN Yanfang.Study on mine pressure and overlying strata movement law of contiguous seams with shallow depth[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(7):11-14.
[16]黄庆享,马龙涛,董博,等.大采高工作面等效直接顶与顶板结构研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(5):541-546.HUANG Qingxiang,MA Longtao,DONG Bo,et al.Research on equivalent immediate roof and roof structure of large mining height face[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(5):541-546.
[17]黄庆享,周金龙.浅埋煤层大釆高工作面矿压规律及顶板结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):279-286.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong.Roof weighting behavior and roof structure of large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):279-286.
[18]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:126-127.
[2]黄庆享,张沛.厚砂土层下顶板关键块上的动态载荷传递规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(24):4179-4182.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHANG Pei.Study on dynamic load distribution on key roof blocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(24):4179-4182.
[3]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层采场老顶周期来压的结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):581-585.HUANG Qingxiang,QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Structural analysis of main roof stability during periodic weighting in longwall face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(6):581-585.
[4]黄庆享.浅埋煤层覆岩隔水性与保水开采分类[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):3622-3627.HUANG Qingxiang.Impermeability of overburden rock in shallow buried coal seam and classification of water conservation mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):3622-3627.
[5]黄庆享.浅埋煤层保水开采岩层控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):50-55.HUANG Qingxiang.Research on roof control of water conservation mining in shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):50-55.
[6]于斌,刘长友,杨敬轩,等.大同矿区双系煤层开采煤柱影响下的强矿压显现机理[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):40-46.YU Bin,LIU Changyou,YANG Jingxuan,et al.Mechanism of strong pressure reveal under the influence of mining dual system of coal pillar in Datong mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):40-46.
[7]鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵,等.神东矿区近距离煤层出一侧采空煤柱压架机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1321-1330.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,et al.Mechanism of support crushing while mining out of upper goaf-side coal pillar in close distance seams of Shendong[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1321-1330.
[8]郭帅,孔宪法,康天合,等.采空区下近距离煤层综采工作面支架载荷分析[J].煤矿安全,2013,44(5):214-217.GUO Shuai,KONG Xianfa,KANG Tianhe,et al.Support load analysis of fully-mechanized mining face in close distance coal seam under goaf[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2013,44(5):214-217.
[9]杨光荣,李建华.近距离煤层复合关键层结构破断形式对工作面矿压的影响研究[J].中国煤炭,2013,40(增刊1):117-120.YANG Guangrong,LI Jianhua.Research on the effect of recombination key stratum structure fracture form on the working face pressure[J].China Coal,2013,40(Sup 1):117-120.
[10]刘增辉,娄嵩,孟祥瑞,等.近距离煤层开采对卸压区采场围岩应力演化过程研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(1):102-108.LIU Zenghui,LOU Song,MENG Xiangrui,et al.Mining affect of close distance coal seam to surrounding rock stress evolution of coal face in distressed zone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(1):102-108.
[11]胡金鉴,周广飞,武晓明,等.近距离采空区下大采高综采面矿压演化规律研究[J].煤炭工程,2012,44(8):75-78.HU Jinjian,ZHOU Guangfei,WU Xiaoming,et al.Study on mine strata pressure evolution law off high cutting fully mechanized coal mining face under mining goaf with short distance[J].Coal Engineering,2012,44(8):75-78.
[12]吴新文.云冈矿极近距离煤层群下行开采矿压观测分析[J].中国煤炭,2013,39(10):41-45.WU Xinwen.Ground behavior observation and analysis in downward mining in extremely contiguous coal seams in Yungang mine[J].China Coal,2013,39(10):41-45.
[13]谷拴成,陈盼,王建文,等.采空区下煤层开采矿压显现规律实测研究[J].煤炭工程,2013(9):64-67.GU Shuancheng,CHEN Pan,WANG Jianwen,et al.Study on the lower coal seam mine pressure behavior under goaf[J].Coal Engineering,2013(9):64-67.
[14]王孝义,宋选民,陈春慧.极近距煤层矿压显现强度的间距影响规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(1):116-121.WANG Xiaoyi,SONG Xuanmin,CHEN Chunhui.The impact study on strata behavior laws of different coal seam spacing in ultra closed coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(1):116-121.
[15]任艳芳.浅埋深近距离煤层矿压及覆岩运动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(7):11-14.REN Yanfang.Study on mine pressure and overlying strata movement law of contiguous seams with shallow depth[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(7):11-14.
[16]黄庆享,马龙涛,董博,等.大采高工作面等效直接顶与顶板结构研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(5):541-546.HUANG Qingxiang,MA Longtao,DONG Bo,et al.Research on equivalent immediate roof and roof structure of large mining height face[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(5):541-546.
[17]黄庆享,周金龙.浅埋煤层大釆高工作面矿压规律及顶板结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):279-286.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong.Roof weighting behavior and roof structure of large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):279-286.
[18]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:126-127.
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