浅埋极近距离采空区下工作面矿压显现规律研究
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摘要
针对同一浅埋工作面同时存在极近距离采空区下和实体煤岩下的具体工程条件,运用理论分析和现场实测方法研究了极近距离采空区下工作面矿压显现特征,并与相同地质条件单一工作面矿压显现规律进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在上覆已破断关键层形成的平衡"砌体梁"结构与下煤层距离较近情况下,工作面覆岩更易失稳,来压频繁且来压强度较高;相对于实体煤岩下,采空下工作面来压步距均值变小,降幅平均为19%,且在走向方向上变化幅度较大,没有明显的规律性和周期性,来压强度整体增大,增幅平均为6%,而动载系数又有所降低;采空区下工作面较实体煤岩下超前影响范围增大,支承压力峰值点距工作面距离基本不变,峰值强度和深处稳定煤体应力值均明显降低。采空下工作面回采过程中应加强顶板管理和矿压观测,及时采取相应措施,确保安全生产。
For the same shallow buried working face,there are specific engineering conditions in the gob under the close distance and solid coal rock. The theoretical analysis and field measurement method were used to study the characteristics of the mining pressure under the working face in the very close distance gob. The geological conditions of single working face mining pressure behavior law were compared and analyzed. The results show that under the condition that the equilibrium " masonry beam" structure formed by the overburdened key layer is close to the lower coal seam,the overburden of the working face is more unstable,the pressure is frequent and the pressure strength is higher; Under solid coal and rock,the mean value of the pressure step distance is smaller,the average amplitude of reduction is 19%,and the variation in the direction of the strike is large. There is no obvious regularity and periodicity,and the overall pressure strength increases. The average increase is 6%,and the dynamic load coefficient is reduced. The working area under the gob is more affected than under solid coal rock. The distance between the peak of the supporting pressure and the working surface is nearly the same.The distance between the peak of the supporting pressure and the working surface is basically constant,and the peak strength and the stress value of the stable coal in the deep are obviously reduced. Roof management and mine pressure observation should be strengthened during the mining of the working face under the gob,and corresponding measures should be taken in time to ensure safe production.
For the same shallow buried working face,there are specific engineering conditions in the gob under the close distance and solid coal rock. The theoretical analysis and field measurement method were used to study the characteristics of the mining pressure under the working face in the very close distance gob. The geological conditions of single working face mining pressure behavior law were compared and analyzed. The results show that under the condition that the equilibrium " masonry beam" structure formed by the overburdened key layer is close to the lower coal seam,the overburden of the working face is more unstable,the pressure is frequent and the pressure strength is higher; Under solid coal and rock,the mean value of the pressure step distance is smaller,the average amplitude of reduction is 19%,and the variation in the direction of the strike is large. There is no obvious regularity and periodicity,and the overall pressure strength increases. The average increase is 6%,and the dynamic load coefficient is reduced. The working area under the gob is more affected than under solid coal rock. The distance between the peak of the supporting pressure and the working surface is nearly the same.The distance between the peak of the supporting pressure and the working surface is basically constant,and the peak strength and the stress value of the stable coal in the deep are obviously reduced. Roof management and mine pressure observation should be strengthened during the mining of the working face under the gob,and corresponding measures should be taken in time to ensure safe production.
引文
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[9]周楠,张强,安百富,等.近距离煤层采空区下工作面矿压显现规律研究[J].中国煤炭,2011,37(2):74-76.ZHOU Nan,ZHANG Qiang,AN Baifu,et al.Strata behavior below the gobs of close upper seams[J].China Coal,2011,37(2):74-76.
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[13]鲁岩,高杰,刘长友,等.近距煤层同采巷道优化布置研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):797-801.LU Yan,GAO Jie,LIU Changyou,et al.Study on the optimal layout of road-ways of contiguous seams by simultaneous mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):797-801.
[14]周坤友,张宏伟,李云鹏,等.近距离采空区下工作面矿压显现分区特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(3):54-60,154.ZHOU Kunyou,ZHANG Hongwei,LI Yunpeng,et al.Study on the zoning characteristics of strata behaviors during the primary mining of mining face under contiguous goaf[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(3):54-60,154.
[15]张春雷.近距离煤层群上行开采覆岩垮落及运移规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(8):1-7.ZHANG Chunlei.Study on overlying strata caving and movement regularity of ascending mining in contiguous seams[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(8):1-7.
[16]张宏伟,韩军,海立鑫,等.近距煤层群上行开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):63-67.ZHANG Hongwei,HAN Jun,HAI Lixin,et al.Study on closed multiple-seam in the ascending mining technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):63-67.
[17]于辉.近距离煤层开采覆岩结构运动及矿压显现规律研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[18]陈盼.近距离煤层采空区下工作面矿压显现与覆岩移动规律研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.
[19]王志强,李鹏飞,王磊,等.再论采场“三带”的划分方法及工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):287-293.WANG Zhiqiang,LI Pengfei,WANG Lei,et al.Method of division and engineering use of“three band”in the stope again[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):287-293.
[2]张向阳,常聚才.上下采空极近距离煤层开采围岩应力及破坏特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):506-511.ZHANG Xiangyang,CHANG Jucai.Stress and failure characteristics of surroundding rock in the extremely close distance coal seams group mining after the upper and lower coal seam mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):506-511.
[3]杨敏.极近距离“三软”厚煤层分层连续开采下综采工作面矿压规律研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.
[4]白庆升,屠世浩,王方田,等.浅埋近距离房式煤柱下采动应力演化及致灾机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S2):3772-3778.BAI Qingsheng,TU Shihao,WANG Fangtian,et al.Stress evolution and induced accidents mechanism in shallow coal seam in proximity underlying the room mining residual pillars[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(S2):3772-3778.
[5]吕祥锋,王振伟,王爱文.深部煤岩体保护层开采上覆岩层应力释放与转移特征的实验研究[J].实验力学,2013,28(3):340-346.LYU Xiangfeng,WANG Zhenwei,WANG Aiwen.Experimental study of stress release and transfer characteristics of overburden rock stratum in coal seam group protective layer mining[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanism,2013,28(3):340-346.
[6]鞠金峰,许家林.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架防治对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):323-330.JIN Jinfeng,XU Jialin.Prevention measures for support crushing while mining out the upper coal pillar in close distance shallow seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):323-330.
[7]许延春,刘世奇,柳昭星,等.近距离厚煤层组工作面覆岩破坏规律实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(4):506-511.XUYanchuan,LIU Shiqi,LIU Zhaoxing,et al.Overburden failure laws in working face of short distance thick coal seams group[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(4):506-511.
[8]朱涛,张百胜,冯国瑞,等.极近距离煤层下层煤采场顶板结构与控制[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):190-193.ZHU Tao,ZHANG Baisheng,FENG Guotao,et al.Roof structure and control in the lower seam mining field in the ultra-close multiple seams[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):190-193.
[9]周楠,张强,安百富,等.近距离煤层采空区下工作面矿压显现规律研究[J].中国煤炭,2011,37(2):74-76.ZHOU Nan,ZHANG Qiang,AN Baifu,et al.Strata behavior below the gobs of close upper seams[J].China Coal,2011,37(2):74-76.
[10]方新秋,郭敏江,吕志强.近距离煤层群回采巷道失稳机制及其防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(10):2059-2067.FANG Xinqiu,GUO Minjiang,LYU Zhiqiang.Instability mechanism and preve-ntion of roadway under closed-distance seam group mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(10):2059-2067.
[11]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.极近距离煤层回采巷道合理位置确定[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(2):182-188.ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,Chen Jianben,et al.Determining the optim-um gateway location for extremely close coal seams[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(2):182-188.
[12]王路军,朱卫兵,许家林,等.浅埋深极近距离煤层工作面矿压显现规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(3):47-50.WANG Lujun,ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,et al.Study on mine strata pressure behavior law of coal mining face in ultra contiguous seam with shallow depth[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(3):47-50.
[13]鲁岩,高杰,刘长友,等.近距煤层同采巷道优化布置研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):797-801.LU Yan,GAO Jie,LIU Changyou,et al.Study on the optimal layout of road-ways of contiguous seams by simultaneous mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):797-801.
[14]周坤友,张宏伟,李云鹏,等.近距离采空区下工作面矿压显现分区特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(3):54-60,154.ZHOU Kunyou,ZHANG Hongwei,LI Yunpeng,et al.Study on the zoning characteristics of strata behaviors during the primary mining of mining face under contiguous goaf[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(3):54-60,154.
[15]张春雷.近距离煤层群上行开采覆岩垮落及运移规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(8):1-7.ZHANG Chunlei.Study on overlying strata caving and movement regularity of ascending mining in contiguous seams[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(8):1-7.
[16]张宏伟,韩军,海立鑫,等.近距煤层群上行开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):63-67.ZHANG Hongwei,HAN Jun,HAI Lixin,et al.Study on closed multiple-seam in the ascending mining technology[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):63-67.
[17]于辉.近距离煤层开采覆岩结构运动及矿压显现规律研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
[18]陈盼.近距离煤层采空区下工作面矿压显现与覆岩移动规律研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.
[19]王志强,李鹏飞,王磊,等.再论采场“三带”的划分方法及工程应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):287-293.WANG Zhiqiang,LI Pengfei,WANG Lei,et al.Method of division and engineering use of“three band”in the stope again[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):287-293.
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