石林石漠化地区可培养石生真菌多样性研究
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摘要
【目的】为开发利用石林石漠化地区石生真菌资源、探索石生真菌对碳酸盐岩风化及矿化作用提供理论基础。【方法】实验采用PDA和MEA培养基对采集自石林石漠化地区的40份岩石样品进行石生真菌的分离纯化,并观察分离得到的石生真菌的形态显微结构、分析rDNA-ITS序列同源性。【结果】从40份岩石样品中共分离获得68株石生真菌,分别隶属于2门5纲7目8科8属12种。其中31株镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、9株毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、7株曲霉属(Aspergillus)、6株葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)、5株青霉属(Penicillium)、4株粪壳菌属(Sordaria)、3株毛霉属(Mucor)、3株被孢霉属(Mortierella Coemans)。镰刀菌属、毛壳菌属、曲霉属具较高相对分离率,分别为45.58%、13.23%、10.29%。【结论】综合两种培养基,石生真菌的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为2.41922。石林石漠化地区石生真菌多样性丰富。
【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of rock-inhabiting fungi resources in Shilin rocky desertification area and explore the weathering and mineralization of carbonaceous by rock-inhabiting fungi.【Method】 The PDA and MEA medium were used to separate and purify the rock-inhabiting fungi from 40 rock samples collected from the Shilin rocky desertification area. The morphology of the isolated rock-inhabiting fungi was observed and the rDNA-ITS sequence homology was analyzed. 【Result】A total of 68 rock-inhabiting fungi were isolated from 40 rock samples, belonging to 2 phylum, 5 classes, 7 orders, 8 families, 8 genera and 12 species. Among them, 31 strains of Fusarium, 9 strains of Chaetomium, 7 strains of Aspergillus, 6 strains of Botryosphaeria, 5 strains of Penicillium, 4 strains of Sordaria, 3 strains of Mucor, and 3 strains of Mortierella Coemans. Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Aspergillus had high relative separation rates, which were 45.58 %, 13.23 %, and 10.29 %, respectively. 【Conclusion】The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of the rock-inhabiting fungi was 2.41922. The diversity of rock-inhabiting fungi is rich in Shilin rocky desertification area.
【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of rock-inhabiting fungi resources in Shilin rocky desertification area and explore the weathering and mineralization of carbonaceous by rock-inhabiting fungi.【Method】 The PDA and MEA medium were used to separate and purify the rock-inhabiting fungi from 40 rock samples collected from the Shilin rocky desertification area. The morphology of the isolated rock-inhabiting fungi was observed and the rDNA-ITS sequence homology was analyzed. 【Result】A total of 68 rock-inhabiting fungi were isolated from 40 rock samples, belonging to 2 phylum, 5 classes, 7 orders, 8 families, 8 genera and 12 species. Among them, 31 strains of Fusarium, 9 strains of Chaetomium, 7 strains of Aspergillus, 6 strains of Botryosphaeria, 5 strains of Penicillium, 4 strains of Sordaria, 3 strains of Mucor, and 3 strains of Mortierella Coemans. Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Aspergillus had high relative separation rates, which were 45.58 %, 13.23 %, and 10.29 %, respectively. 【Conclusion】The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of the rock-inhabiting fungi was 2.41922. The diversity of rock-inhabiting fungi is rich in Shilin rocky desertification area.
引文
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[12]丁雅迪,刘绍雄,毛德昌,等.思茅松菌根内生真菌多样性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):369-373.
[13]杨燕,田鸿,张小平,等.基于ITS和ISSR的羊肚菌种质资源遗传多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(10):2004-2009.
[14]余仲东,唐光辉,曹支敏.陕西小叶杨叶内生真菌群体多样性和结构特征[J].林业科学,2016,52(6):86-92.
[15]陈旭,曾茜,刘璞玉,等.贵州小白及内生真菌多样性与产抗病活性物质菌株的筛选[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(1):111-117.
[16]Selbmann L,Zucconi L,Onofri S,et al.Taxonomic and phenotypic characterization of yeasts isolated from worldwide cold rock-associated habitats[J].Fungal Biology,2014,118:61-71.
[17]唐源.碳酸盐岩表生微生物多样性研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2012.
[18]许文爽.长白山自然保护区北坡森林土壤真菌多样性的研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2013.
[19]Schloss P D,Handelsman J.Metagenomics for studying unculturable microorganisms:cutting the Gordian knot[J].Genome Biology,2005(6):229-235
[20]赵晶,杨祥胜,曾润颖.南极土壤微生物宏基医组文库构建及其抗肿瘤活性初探[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(2):267-271.
[2]田友萍,张捷,宋林华,等.云南石林碳酸盐岩表面气生藻类群落的研究[J].中国岩溶,2003(3):39-47.
[3]连宾.碳酸盐岩风化成土过程中的微生物作用[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2010,29(1):52-56.
[4]连宾,陈烨,朱立军,等.微生物对碳酸盐岩的风化作用[J].地学前缘,2008,15(6):90-99.
[5]杨顺,孙微,刘杏忠,等.石生真菌研究现状与展望[J].生物多样性,2016,24(9):1068-1076.
[6]苏磊.中国石生真菌的分类学与生态学研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[7]Dornieden T,Gorbushina AA,Krumbein WE.Anderungen der physikalischen eigenschaften von marmor durch pilzbewuchs[J].Rset Build Monum,1997(3):441-456.
[8]丁丽君,连宾.碳酸钙微生物风化试验研究[J].中国岩溶,2008(3):197-200.
[9]刘士旺.真菌形态的几种观察方法[J].生物学通报,1998(10):47.
[10]邵力平.真菌分类学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1984.
[11]吴曰福,顾爱星,王洪凯.碱蓬根系嗜盐耐盐真菌的分离与鉴定[J].浙江农业学报,2018,30(4):649-655.
[12]丁雅迪,刘绍雄,毛德昌,等.思茅松菌根内生真菌多样性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):369-373.
[13]杨燕,田鸿,张小平,等.基于ITS和ISSR的羊肚菌种质资源遗传多样性分析[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(10):2004-2009.
[14]余仲东,唐光辉,曹支敏.陕西小叶杨叶内生真菌群体多样性和结构特征[J].林业科学,2016,52(6):86-92.
[15]陈旭,曾茜,刘璞玉,等.贵州小白及内生真菌多样性与产抗病活性物质菌株的筛选[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(1):111-117.
[16]Selbmann L,Zucconi L,Onofri S,et al.Taxonomic and phenotypic characterization of yeasts isolated from worldwide cold rock-associated habitats[J].Fungal Biology,2014,118:61-71.
[17]唐源.碳酸盐岩表生微生物多样性研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2012.
[18]许文爽.长白山自然保护区北坡森林土壤真菌多样性的研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2013.
[19]Schloss P D,Handelsman J.Metagenomics for studying unculturable microorganisms:cutting the Gordian knot[J].Genome Biology,2005(6):229-235
[20]赵晶,杨祥胜,曾润颖.南极土壤微生物宏基医组文库构建及其抗肿瘤活性初探[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(2):267-271.
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