热处理工艺对Cr-Mo-(V)型轴承钢组织和性能的影响
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摘要
研究了V和Mo元素的添加以及热处理制度对轴承钢组织与性能的影响。采用SEM、XRD、EBSD和TEM等手段表征和测试了试验钢的微观组织、断口形貌、力学性能、显微硬度和冲击吸收能量,并计算了残留奥氏体的含量。结果表明,经贝氏体等温淬火处理后,相比于淬火+回火处理,不同试验钢的抗拉强度均高于淬火+回火处理,而显微硬度则相反,冲击吸收能量改善最为明显。经贝氏体等温淬火处理后,试验钢的断口具有孔洞聚合型断裂的特征,而经淬火+回火处理后的断口属于解理断裂;加入V和Mo元素后,残留奥氏体的含量均降低,并存在两种形态,一是分布于晶界处的块状残留奥氏体,平均尺寸在500 nm左右;二是分布在贝氏体板条间的薄膜状残留奥氏体,平均尺寸在100 nm左右。
The influence of V/Mo addition and heat treatment on microstructure and properties of bearing steel were investigated. The microstructure,fracture morphology,mechanical properties,microhardness and impact absorbed energy were tested and characterized by means of SEM,XRD,EBSD and TEM,and the volume fraction of retained austenite was calculated. The results indicate that compared to the quench + temper treatment,the tensile strength of the tested steels is increased while the microhardness is decreased after bainitic treatment,and the impact absorbed energy increases sharply. The fracture morphology of the tested steels after bainitic austempering has characteristics of void polymerization fracture,while has cleavage fracture after quench + temper treatment. The size of retained austenite is decreased after addition of V and Mo elements,which has two kinds of morphology,one is blocky retained austenite distributed at grain boundaries,and the average size is about 500 nm. The other one is film shape distributed between lath bainite,the average size is about 100 nm.
The influence of V/Mo addition and heat treatment on microstructure and properties of bearing steel were investigated. The microstructure,fracture morphology,mechanical properties,microhardness and impact absorbed energy were tested and characterized by means of SEM,XRD,EBSD and TEM,and the volume fraction of retained austenite was calculated. The results indicate that compared to the quench + temper treatment,the tensile strength of the tested steels is increased while the microhardness is decreased after bainitic treatment,and the impact absorbed energy increases sharply. The fracture morphology of the tested steels after bainitic austempering has characteristics of void polymerization fracture,while has cleavage fracture after quench + temper treatment. The size of retained austenite is decreased after addition of V and Mo elements,which has two kinds of morphology,one is blocky retained austenite distributed at grain boundaries,and the average size is about 500 nm. The other one is film shape distributed between lath bainite,the average size is about 100 nm.
引文
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[3]Sourmail T,Smanio V.Low temperature kinetics of bainite formation in high carbon steels[J].Acta Materialia,2013,61:2639-2648.
[4]Szost B A,Vegter R H,Rivera P E J.Developing bearing steels combining hydrogen resistance and improved hardness[J].Materials and Design,2013,43:499-506
[5]Liu F,Jiang Y H,Xiao H,et al.Study on fragmentation and dissolution behavior of carbide in a hot rolled hypereutectic high chromium cast iron[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,618:380-385.
[6]占礼春,马党参,迟宏宵,等.冷作模具钢奥氏体化过程的碳化物溶解情况[J].钢铁研究学报,2012,24(10):29-33.Zhan Lichun,Ma Dangshen,Chi Hongxiao,et al.Carbides dissolution of cold work die steels during austenitizing[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2012,24(10):29-33.
[7]马坪,李倩,唐志国,等.冷轧工作辊用Cr5钢奥氏体化时碳化物的溶解及晶粒长大行为[J].机械工程材料,2010,34(6):21-24.Ma Ping,Li Qian,Tang Zhiguo,et al.Carbide dissolution and grain growth behavior of Cr5 steel used as cold work roller during austenitizing[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2010,34(6):21-24.
[8]方鸿生,冯春,郑燕康,等.下贝氏体中碳化物的析出[J].金属学报,2007,43(6):583-588.Fang Hongsheng,Feng Chun,Zheng Yankang,et al.Precipitation of the carbides in lower bainite[J].Acta Matellurgica Sinica,2007,43(6):583-588.
[9]钱坤,陶姗.GCr15钢轴承残留奥氏体、尺寸精度及疲劳寿命试验研究[J].金属热处理,2007,32(9):90-92.Qian Kun,Tao Shan.Retained austenite,dimensional precision and fatigue life of GCr15 steel bearings[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2007,32(9):90-92.
[10]Hasani S,Shamanian M,Shafyei A,et al.Non-isothermal kinetic analysis on the phase transformations of Fe-Co-V alloy[J].Thermochimica Acta,2014,596(20):89-97.
[11]肖鹏,陆秦旭,戴宪,等.GCr15钢在时效过程中的相变动力学及组织演变[J].金属热处理,2018,43(4):77-81.Xiao Peng,Lu Qinxu,Dai Xian,et al.Kinetics and microstructural evolution of GCr15 steel during aging[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2018,43(4):77-81.
[12]Thomas S,Veronique S.Low temperature kinetics of bainite formation in high carbon steels[J].Acta Materialia,2013,61:2639-2648.
[13]Jatczak C F,Larson J A,Shin S W.Retained austenite and its measurement by X-Ray diffraction[C]//United States,SAE Tectic Paper,1980,12-20.
[14]Luzginova N V,Zhao L,Sietsma J.Bainite formation kinetics in high carbon alloyed steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,481-482:766-769.
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