热扩散法处理的M35螺丝冲头裂纹生成机制及工艺改良
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摘要
本实验通过热反应扩散技术(TD处理)在M35螺丝冲头表面制备VC涂层,发现在使用传统马氏体淬火方法时基体产生了裂纹。采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、维氏硬度计检测分析材料的组织结构、元素分布与硬度,剖析了裂纹生成机制,并对工艺进行了改良。结果表明:热反应扩散过程中,在涂层与基体界面附近会形成碳与钒含量较高的扩散层,使该区域的Ms(马氏体转变起始温度)降低。由于淬火时Ms较高的内层先发生马氏体相变并伴随体积膨胀,会对外层产生较大的拉应力而导致其开裂,并迅速扩展形成淬火裂纹。采用贝氏体等温淬火工艺代替传统的马氏体淬火工艺,通过调控组织和缓解体积效应能有效解决基体开裂问题,再经过三次回火处理后得到力学性能符合要求的M35螺丝冲头产品,并在其表面成功制备VC涂层材料。
The VC coating was prepared on the surface of the M35 screw punch by thermal reaction diffusion technique, but it was found that the matrix was cracked by the conventional martensite quenching method. The microstructure, element distribution and hardness of the materials were measured using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and Vickers hardness tester. The causes of cracks and the adjustment of the process were studied. The results show that, during the thermal reaction diffusion process, interdiffusion layers with high content of vana-dium elements are formed near the interface. Ms point of the steel will reduce with high vanadium element content in the interdiffusion layer. Du-ring the quenching process, the inner layer preferentially undergoes martensitic transformation with volume expansion, this process will cause tensile stress on the interdiffusion layer to crack it. Isothermal quenching was used instead of martensitic quenching, and effectively solve the problem of cracking by regulating tissue and relieving volume effects. The bainite austempering and three tempering processes can obtain M35 screw punch products with satisfactory mechanical properties and stable quality of VC coatings.
The VC coating was prepared on the surface of the M35 screw punch by thermal reaction diffusion technique, but it was found that the matrix was cracked by the conventional martensite quenching method. The microstructure, element distribution and hardness of the materials were measured using metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope and Vickers hardness tester. The causes of cracks and the adjustment of the process were studied. The results show that, during the thermal reaction diffusion process, interdiffusion layers with high content of vana-dium elements are formed near the interface. Ms point of the steel will reduce with high vanadium element content in the interdiffusion layer. Du-ring the quenching process, the inner layer preferentially undergoes martensitic transformation with volume expansion, this process will cause tensile stress on the interdiffusion layer to crack it. Isothermal quenching was used instead of martensitic quenching, and effectively solve the problem of cracking by regulating tissue and relieving volume effects. The bainite austempering and three tempering processes can obtain M35 screw punch products with satisfactory mechanical properties and stable quality of VC coatings.
引文
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5 Bozidar Matijevic.JOM,2013,65(11),1395.
6 Oliveira C K N,Benassi C L,Casteletti L C.Surface & Coatings Technology,2006,201(3),1880.
7 Fan X S,Yang Z G,Xia Z X,et al.Journal of Alloys & Compounds,2010,505(1),L15.
8 Arai T,Moriyama S.Thin Solid Films,1994,249(1),54.
9 Sun C,Xue Q,Zhang J,et al.Vacuum,2018,148,158.
10 Zhan L C,Chi H X,Ao L,et al.Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(3),112(in Chinese).占礼春,迟宏宵,敖林,等.金属热处理,2013,38(3),112.
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12 Li J H.Metallographic atlas of metal materials,Mechanical Industry Press,China,2006(in Chinese).李炯辉.金属材料金相图谱,机械工业出版社,2006.
13 Sun Z B.Alloy steel manual,Metallurgical Industry Press,China,1984(in Chinese).孙珍宝.合金钢手册,冶金工业出版社,1984.
14 Yao D C,Zhang D D,Xiong W,et al.Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2016,37(6),26(in Chinese).尧登灿,张道达,熊伟,等.热处理技术与装备,2016,37(6),26.
15 Zhang J,Jiang L,Xie D M.Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017(7),2028(in Chinese).张洁,蒋力,谢德明,等.稀有金属材料与工程,2017(7),2028.
16 Biesuz M,Sglavo V M.Surface & Coatings Technology,2016,286,319.
17 Aghaie-Khafri M,Fazlalipour F.Journal of Physics & Chemistry of So-lids,2008,69(10),2465.
18 Gan Y,Tian Z L,Dong H,et al.China material engineering:Steel material engineering,Chemical Industry Press,China,2006(in Chinese).干勇,田志凌,董瀚,等.中国材料工程大典:钢铁材料工程,化学工业出版社,2006.
19 Wang J S.Journal of Jinhua College of Profession and Technology,2004,4(1),17(in Chinese).王金双.金华职业技术学院学报,2004,4(1),17.
20 Yu J X,Ni X C,Cheng Y C,et al.Hot Working Technology,2010,39(4),47(in Chinese).余际星,倪晓臣,程远存,等.热加工工艺,2010,39(4),47.
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