原始红松林退化演替后土壤微生物功能多样性的变化
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摘要
为了全面了解原始红松林退化演替为次生林后土壤生境及土壤微生物功能多样性的变化规律,以小兴安岭典型的原始阔叶红松林、退化演替后先锋阶段的白桦林及亚顶级阶段的硬阔叶林为研究对象,采用Biolog-ECO微平板检测法,分析三者0~<10 cm和10~20 cm表层土的土壤微生物功能多样性变化规律.结果表明:各林型土壤微生物的AWCD值(平均颜色变化率)随培养时间的延长而增加,培养初期表现为原始阔叶红松林>硬阔叶林>白桦林;培养末期表现为原始阔叶红松林>白桦林>硬阔叶林,三者的AWCD值在0~<10 cm土层分别为1.06、0.86、0.81,10~20 cm土层分别为0.68、0.47、0.45,原始林显著高于次生林(P<0.05),说明原始林土壤微生物对单一碳源的代谢活性显著高于次生林;同一林型下土壤微生物的AWCD值均表现为0~<10 cm土层显著高于10~20 cm土层(P<0.05).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson指数、Mc Intosh指数和Richness丰富度指数也均表现为原始林显著高于次生林(P<0.05).原始林土壤微生物对各类碳源的综合利用强度均大于次生林,不同林型下土壤微生物群落的优势碳源类型存在一定的差异,碳水类、氨基酸类、羧酸类和多聚物类碳源是原始林退化演替后土壤微生物群落在碳源利用上发生变化的敏感碳源.
This study aimed to understand the changes of soil biotope and soil microbial functional diversity in the Lesser Khingan Mountain primitive Korean pine forest and subsequent succession by secondary forest.We selected soils of a typical primitive broad-leaved Korean pine forest and two main secondary forests( Betula platyphylla forest at the pioneer stage and a hardwood forest at the subclimax stage during degradation and succession of the forest vegetation) in Lesser Khingan Mountain as materials.We analyzed changing patterns of microbial functional diversity of the soils in the depths of 0-< 10 cm and 10-20 cm by using the Biolog-ECO microplate method.The results showed that the Average Well Color Development( AWCD) values increased with increasing incubation time; the values in the initial stage of incubation followed a decreasing order: broadleaved Korean pine > hardwood forest > B.platyphylla.In the terminal stage of incubation,the AWCD values of broadleaved Korean pine,B.platyphylla,and hardwood forest were 1.06,0.86 and 0.81,respectively,on 0-< 10 cm soil layers,and 0.68,0.47 and 0.45 on 10-20 cm soil layers.The higher AWCD value of the soil layers in the primitive forest indicated that the single carbon source metabolic activity of the soil microorganism in the primitive forest was significantly higher than that of the secondary forests.The AWCD values of 0-< 10 cm soil were significantly higher than that in 10-20 cm in the same kind of forest( P < 0.05).Microbial diversity indices( Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index,Mc Intosh index and Richness index) of the primitive forest were significantly higher than those of the secondary forests( P < 0.05).The results indicate that soil microbes in the primitive forest microbial had a higher utilization intensity to various carbon sources as compared with those in the secondary forests; the types of dominant carbon source utilized by soil microbial communities varied in different forest types.After degradation and subsequent succession of the primitive forest,soil microbial community during utilization of carbon sources was sensitive to the four carbon sources( e.g.,carbohydrates,amino acids,carboxylic acids and Polymer).
This study aimed to understand the changes of soil biotope and soil microbial functional diversity in the Lesser Khingan Mountain primitive Korean pine forest and subsequent succession by secondary forest.We selected soils of a typical primitive broad-leaved Korean pine forest and two main secondary forests( Betula platyphylla forest at the pioneer stage and a hardwood forest at the subclimax stage during degradation and succession of the forest vegetation) in Lesser Khingan Mountain as materials.We analyzed changing patterns of microbial functional diversity of the soils in the depths of 0-< 10 cm and 10-20 cm by using the Biolog-ECO microplate method.The results showed that the Average Well Color Development( AWCD) values increased with increasing incubation time; the values in the initial stage of incubation followed a decreasing order: broadleaved Korean pine > hardwood forest > B.platyphylla.In the terminal stage of incubation,the AWCD values of broadleaved Korean pine,B.platyphylla,and hardwood forest were 1.06,0.86 and 0.81,respectively,on 0-< 10 cm soil layers,and 0.68,0.47 and 0.45 on 10-20 cm soil layers.The higher AWCD value of the soil layers in the primitive forest indicated that the single carbon source metabolic activity of the soil microorganism in the primitive forest was significantly higher than that of the secondary forests.The AWCD values of 0-< 10 cm soil were significantly higher than that in 10-20 cm in the same kind of forest( P < 0.05).Microbial diversity indices( Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index,Mc Intosh index and Richness index) of the primitive forest were significantly higher than those of the secondary forests( P < 0.05).The results indicate that soil microbes in the primitive forest microbial had a higher utilization intensity to various carbon sources as compared with those in the secondary forests; the types of dominant carbon source utilized by soil microbial communities varied in different forest types.After degradation and subsequent succession of the primitive forest,soil microbial community during utilization of carbon sources was sensitive to the four carbon sources( e.g.,carbohydrates,amino acids,carboxylic acids and Polymer).
引文
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[2]王清奎.碳输入方式对森林土壤碳库和碳循环的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1075-1081.WANG Qingkui.Responses of forest soil carbon pool and carbon cycle to the changes of carbon input[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(4):1075-1081.
[3]LI Fangliang,LIU Ming,LI Zhongpei,et al.Changes in soil microbial biomass and functional diversity with a nitrogen gradient in soil columns[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2013,64(1):1-6.
[4]LAWRENCE J R,ZHU B,SWETHONE G D W,et al.Comparative microscale analysis of the effects of triclosan and triclocarban on the structure and function of river biofilm communities[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(10):3307-3316.
[5]CHODAK M,GOLEBIEWSKI M,MORAWSKA-PLOSKONKA J,et al.Diversity of microorganisms from forest soils differently polluted with heavy metals[J].Applies Soil Ecology,2013,64(3):7-14.
[6]MA Jun,BU Rengcang,LIU Miao,et al.Ecosystem carbon storage distribution between plant and soil in different forest types in Northeastern China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,81:353-362.
[7]YANG Dongwei,ZHANG Mingkui.Effects of land-use conversion from paddy field to orchard farm on soil microbial genetic diversity and community structure[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,64:30-39.
[8]韩冬雪,王宁,王楠楠,等.不同海拔红松林土壤微生物功能多样性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3649-3656.HAN Dongxue,WANG Ning,WANG Nannan,et al.Soil microbial functional diversity of different altitude Pinus koraiensis forests.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3649-3656.
[9]曹成有,姚金冬,韩晓姝,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿固沙群落土壤微生物功能多样性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2309-2315.CAO Youcheng,YAO Jindong,HAN Xiaoshu,et al.Soil microbes functional diversity in sand-fixing Caragana microphylla communities in Horqin Sandy Land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(9):2309-2315.
[10]丘阳,高露双,张雪,等.气候变化对阔叶红松林不同演替阶段红松种群生产力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1870-1878.QIU Yang,GAO Lushuang,Zh ANG Xue,et al.Effect of climate change on net primary pro-ductivity of Korean pine at different successional stages of broad-leaved Korean pine forest[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(7):1870-1878.
[11]王宁,杨雪,李世兰,等.不同海拔红松混交林土壤微生物量碳、氮的生长季动态[J].林业科学,2016,52(1):150-158.WANG Ning,YANG Xue,LI Shilan,et al.Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass carbon-nitrogen in the Korean Pine mixed forests along elevation gradient[J].Scientla Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(1):150-158.
[12]吴家兵,关德新,张弥,等.长白山阔叶红松林碳收支特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(1):1-6.WU Jiabing,GANG Dexin,ZHANG Mi,et al.Carbon budget characteristics of the broadleaved Korean pine forests in Changbaishan Mountains.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2007,29(1):1-6.
[13]周晓峰.东北次生林经营[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2000.
[14]赵惠勋.东北东部山区次生林经营理论初探[J].东北林业大学学报,1986(3):74-81.ZHAO Huixun.In the eastern mountainous secondary forest management theory[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,1986(3):74-81.
[15]郝敬梅,张韫,崔晓阳,等.原始阔叶红松林、次生林土壤矿质氮特征及树种吸收反应[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):21-25.HAO Jingmei,ZANG Yun,CUI Xiaoyang,et al.Soil mineral Ncharacteristics in original broadleaved Pinus koraiensis forest and secondary forest and N absorption of some tree species[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2014,36(1):21-25.
[16]胡嵩,张颖,史荣久,等.长白山原始红松林次生演替过程中土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):366-372.HU Song,ZHANG Ying,SHI Rongjiu,et al.Temporal variations of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities during the secondary succession of primary broadleaved-Pinus koraiensis forests in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(2):366-372.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[18]CLASSEN A T,BOYLE S I,HASKINS K E,et al.Community-level physiological profiles of bacteria and fungi:plate type and incubation temperature influences on contrasting soils[J].FEMSMicrobiology Ecology,2003,44(3):319-328.
[19]QIAN Xun,GU Jie,PAN Hongjia,et al.Effects of living mulches on the soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities,and bacterial community diversities of apple orchard soils[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,70:23-30.
[20]LIU Bei,LI Yanxia,ZHANG Xuelian,et al.Effects of chlortetracycline on soil microbial communities:comparisons of enzyme activities to the functional diversity via Biolog Eco PlatesTM[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2015,68:69-76.
[21]FLORES-RENTERíA D,RINCóN A,VALLADARES F,et al.Agricultural matrix affects differently the alpha and beta structural and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in a fragmented Mediterranean holm oak forest[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2016,92:79-90.
[22]ZHANG Xiaobing,WANG Xujing,TANG Qiaoling,et al.Effects of cultivation of Osr HSA transgenic rice on functional diversity of microbial communities in the soil rhizosphere[J].The Crop Journal,2015,3(2):163-167.
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