4种基原的淫羊藿适宜生境分布研究
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摘要
目的对淫羊藿的生境适宜性开展评价,为种植区域选取和优质淫羊藿药材资源合理利用提供依据。方法使用最大熵模型与地理信息系统(GIS)技术,结合生态环境数据和淫羊藿4个基原(淫羊藿、柔毛淫羊藿、箭叶淫羊藿和朝鲜淫羊藿)的实际地理分布信息,预测淫羊藿全国适宜生境的空间分布并进行等级划分。结果降水量是影响不同基原淫羊藿生境适宜性最重要的生态因子,地域间不同的气候节律导致降水量影响不同基原淫羊藿的时间不同;淫羊藿和柔毛淫羊藿适宜生境面积最大的地区为四川省,分别为251.33×10~3km~2和302.22×10~3km~2,这2种基原在分布范围上也存在重合,主要集中于甘肃、陕西和四川省的低海拔林区;朝鲜淫羊藿作为特有种,仅分布在与朝鲜接壤的辽宁和吉林部分地区;箭叶淫羊藿较上述3个种的适宜分布范围有所南移,集中于浙江和安徽交界一带。结论淫羊藿4个基原种虽归于同属药用植物,但对生境要求各不相同,导致其适宜生境地理分布存在空间差异,因此在引种栽培和种植规划时需对不同基原进行鉴别和区分。
Objective To evaluate the habitat suitability of Epimedii Folium; To provide scientific basis for selecting planting areas of Epimedii Folium and rational utilization of medical material resource of high quality Epimedii Folium. Methods By using Maximum Entropy Model and GIS technology, and combined with the spatial data of ecological factors nationwide and the actual geographical distribution of 4 species of Epimedii Folium(E.brevicornum Maxim., E.pubescens Maxim., E.sagittatum Maxim., and E.koreanum Nakai), the spatial distribution of nationwide habitat suitability of Epimedii Folium was predicted and classified. Results Precipitation was the most important ecological factor affecting the habitat suitability of 4 sources of Epimedii Folium. Different climate rhythms could lead to different effecting time in different Epimedii Folium sources. The largest area of suitable habitat for E.brevicornum Maxim. and E.pubescens Maxim. was Sichuan Province, and the area was 251.33×10~3 km~2 and 302.22×10~3 km~2 respectively. This two sources also coincided in the distribution range, and the range mainly concentrated in the low elevation forest range of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces. As an endemic species, E.koreanum Nakai only distributed on the border range of Liaoning and Jilin provinces with North Korea. The suitable habitat range of E.sagittatum Maxim. went southward compared with the other 3 species, which was mainly distributed in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Conclusion Although the four source species of Epimedii Folium belong to Epimedium Linn., there are spatial differences in the geographical distribution of suitable habitats because of their different habitat requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish different sources when Epimedii Folium is introduced, domesticated, and artificially planted.
Objective To evaluate the habitat suitability of Epimedii Folium; To provide scientific basis for selecting planting areas of Epimedii Folium and rational utilization of medical material resource of high quality Epimedii Folium. Methods By using Maximum Entropy Model and GIS technology, and combined with the spatial data of ecological factors nationwide and the actual geographical distribution of 4 species of Epimedii Folium(E.brevicornum Maxim., E.pubescens Maxim., E.sagittatum Maxim., and E.koreanum Nakai), the spatial distribution of nationwide habitat suitability of Epimedii Folium was predicted and classified. Results Precipitation was the most important ecological factor affecting the habitat suitability of 4 sources of Epimedii Folium. Different climate rhythms could lead to different effecting time in different Epimedii Folium sources. The largest area of suitable habitat for E.brevicornum Maxim. and E.pubescens Maxim. was Sichuan Province, and the area was 251.33×10~3 km~2 and 302.22×10~3 km~2 respectively. This two sources also coincided in the distribution range, and the range mainly concentrated in the low elevation forest range of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces. As an endemic species, E.koreanum Nakai only distributed on the border range of Liaoning and Jilin provinces with North Korea. The suitable habitat range of E.sagittatum Maxim. went southward compared with the other 3 species, which was mainly distributed in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Conclusion Although the four source species of Epimedii Folium belong to Epimedium Linn., there are spatial differences in the geographical distribution of suitable habitats because of their different habitat requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish different sources when Epimedii Folium is introduced, domesticated, and artificially planted.
引文
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[2]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:第29卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:271-296.
[3]李作洲,徐艳琴,王瑛,等.淫羊藿属药用植物的研究现状与展望[J].中草药,2005,36(2):289-295.
[4] PHILLIPS S J, ANDERSON R P, SCHAPIRE R E. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographicdistributions[J]. Ecol Model,2006,190:231-259.
[5] ELITH J, GRAHAM C H, ANDERSON R P, et al. Novel methods improve prediction of species'distributions from occurrence data[J].Ecography,2006,29:129-151.
[6]郭兰萍,黄璐琦,蒋有绪,等.影响苍术挥发油组分的气候主导因子及气候适宜性区划研究[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(10):888-893.
[7]张小波,周涛,郭兰萍,等.基于地形因子的贵州省头花蓼生态适宜性等级划分[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(3):311-315.
[8]车乐,曹博,白成科,等.基于MaxEnt和ArcGIS对太白米的潜在分布预测及适宜性评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(6):1623-1628.
[9]王娟娟,曹博,白成科,等.基于MaxEnt和ArcGIS预测川贝母潜在分布及适宜性评价[J].植物研究,2014,34(5):642-649.
[10]孙洪兵,孙辉,蒋舜媛,等.基于3S技术的羌活区划研究Ⅰ:基于MaxEnt和ArcGIS的羌活生长适宜性分析及评价[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(5):853-862.
[11]邵扬,叶丹,欧阳臻,等.薄荷的生境适宜性区划及品质区划研究[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(17):3169-3175.
[12]卢有媛,杨燕梅,马晓辉,等.中药秦艽生态适宜性区划研究[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(17):3176-3180.
[13]全国土壤普查办公室.中华人民共和国土壤图:1∶1000000[M].西安:西安地质出版社,1995.
[14]中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会.中华人民共和国植被图集:1∶1000000[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
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