中国国家公园规划体系构建研究
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摘要
规划体系是国家公园建设管理必不可少的政策工具之一,应作为建立中国特色国家公园体制的重要组成部分。为了构建统一、规范、高效的中国特色国家公园体制,根据我国国情和管理需求,结合国内外经验,将中国国家公园规划体系设计为2个序列和4个层级,一个序列是宏观层面,包括国家发展规划和专项规划,这是国家公园战略的顶层设计;另一个序列是实体国家公园层面,由总体规划、专项规划、管理计划和年度实施计划组成。各层级规划的作用同等重要。通过论述各层级规划的作用、目标、任务和有机联系,提出了应考虑的核心因素和编写要点,应将规划作为国家公园适应性管理的核心环节。基于以上结论,为提高国家公园的管理水平提出了管理意见,以使我国的国家公园规划体系有章可循。
A planning system is one of the necessary policy tools for construction and management of national parks,and should be regarded as an important part of establishing the national park system with Chinese characteristics. In order to build a unified,standardized and efficient national park system with Chinese characteristics,according to China's national conditions and management needs,combined with domestic and foreign experience,the national park planning system is designed as two sequences and four levels. One sequence is of macro level,including national development planning and special planning,which is the top design of national park strategy; the other sequence is at the level of the entity national park,which is composed of master planning, special planning, management planning and annual implementation planning. The role of planning at all levels is equally important. By discussing the functions,objectives,tasks and organic relation of planning at each level,this paper puts forward the core factors and key points to be considered,and suggests that planning should be the core of adaptive management of national parks. Based on the above conclusions,proposals on management are put forward to improve the management level of national parks,so as to promote the planning system of national parks in China.
A planning system is one of the necessary policy tools for construction and management of national parks,and should be regarded as an important part of establishing the national park system with Chinese characteristics. In order to build a unified,standardized and efficient national park system with Chinese characteristics,according to China's national conditions and management needs,combined with domestic and foreign experience,the national park planning system is designed as two sequences and four levels. One sequence is of macro level,including national development planning and special planning,which is the top design of national park strategy; the other sequence is at the level of the entity national park,which is composed of master planning, special planning, management planning and annual implementation planning. The role of planning at all levels is equally important. By discussing the functions,objectives,tasks and organic relation of planning at each level,this paper puts forward the core factors and key points to be considered,and suggests that planning should be the core of adaptive management of national parks. Based on the above conclusions,proposals on management are put forward to improve the management level of national parks,so as to promote the planning system of national parks in China.
引文
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[2]王欣歆,吴承照.美国国家公园总体管理规划译介[J].中国园林,2014(6):120-124.
[3]许学功.加拿大自然保护区规划的启迪[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3):306-309.
[4]宋增明,李欣海,葛兴芳,等.国家公园体系规划的国际经验及对中国的启示[J].中国园林,2017(8):12-18.
[5]杨锐.美国国家公园规划体系评述[J].中国园林,2003(1):44-47.
[6]王祝根,李晓蕾,史蒂芬·J·巴里.澳大利亚国家保护地规划历程及其借鉴[J].风景园林,2017(7):57-64.
[7]贾建中,邓武功.中国风景名胜区及其规划特征[J].城市规划,2014,38(S2):55-58.
[8]唐小平.我国自然保护区总体规划研究综述[J].林业资源管理,2015(6):1-9.
[9]彭福伟.国家公园体制改革的进展与展望[J].中国机构改革与管理,2018(2):46-50.
[10]侯鹏,杨旻,翟俊,等.论自然保护地与国家生态安全格局构建[J].地理研究,2017(3):420-428.
[11]陈君帜.建立中国国家公园体制的探讨[J].林业资源管理,2016(5):13-19.
[12]吴承照,刘广宁.管理目标与国家自然保护地分类系统[J].中国园林,2017(7):16-22.
[13]国家林业局野生动植物保护司.自然保护区管理计划编制指南[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[14]唐小平.生物类自然保护区适应性管理关键问题的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
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