六角形模块化多电平AC/AC换流器损耗特性分析计算
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摘要
详细分析换流器的损耗特性对于系统设计、冷却装置选型都有着重要意义。文中基于全桥子模块的工作特性,对六角形模块化多电平AC/AC换流器(Hexverter)的子模块损耗分布及换流器的总损耗进行分析计算。首先,简要介绍和仿真验证了Hexverter的工作原理。然后,通过提取绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块的数据进行拟合,建立IGBT及其续流二极管的通态特性和开关特性参数,进而对子模块工况进行详细分析,根据全桥子模块的输出特性推导出各器件导通范围及导通时间的解析表达式,从而得到通态损耗和开关损耗的理论计算表达式。最后,通过10 kV系统算例对换流器损耗进行了定量分析,对支路内不同子模块的损耗分布和不同工况下Hexverter的损耗进行计算,结果表明全桥子模块内部的损耗分布呈现对称性外,同一支路内各子模块损耗也不尽相同,特别是在不同容量及功率因数的工况下,子模块损耗分布及换流器总损耗存在明显差异。
The detailed analysis of loss characteristics for converter is of great importance for system design and cooling device selection. This paper analyzes and calculates the loss distribution of submodule and the total loss of converter based on the working characteristics of full bridge submodules in hexagonal modular multilevel AC/AC converter(Hexverter). Firstly, the operation principle of Hexverter is briefly introduced and simulated. Secondly, the on-state and switching characteristics of insulated gate bipolar translator(IGBT) and freewheel diode are established by fitting the data of IGBT module. The working conditions of submodule are analyzed in detail. According to the output characteristics of full bridge submodule, the analytical expressions of conduction range and the time of each device are derived, respectively. Then the theoretical analysis expressions of conduction loss and switching loss are obtained. Finally, the loss of the converter is quantificationally analyzed in 10 kV system, the loss distribution of different submodules is calculated, and the losses of Hexverter in different working conditions are calculated. The results show that the loss distribution in full bridge submodule is symmetrical, and the loss of each submodule in one branch is not the same. Additionally, the loss distribution of submodules and the total loss of the converter are obviously different, especially in various working conditions of different capacities and power factors.
The detailed analysis of loss characteristics for converter is of great importance for system design and cooling device selection. This paper analyzes and calculates the loss distribution of submodule and the total loss of converter based on the working characteristics of full bridge submodules in hexagonal modular multilevel AC/AC converter(Hexverter). Firstly, the operation principle of Hexverter is briefly introduced and simulated. Secondly, the on-state and switching characteristics of insulated gate bipolar translator(IGBT) and freewheel diode are established by fitting the data of IGBT module. The working conditions of submodule are analyzed in detail. According to the output characteristics of full bridge submodule, the analytical expressions of conduction range and the time of each device are derived, respectively. Then the theoretical analysis expressions of conduction loss and switching loss are obtained. Finally, the loss of the converter is quantificationally analyzed in 10 kV system, the loss distribution of different submodules is calculated, and the losses of Hexverter in different working conditions are calculated. The results show that the loss distribution in full bridge submodule is symmetrical, and the loss of each submodule in one branch is not the same. Additionally, the loss distribution of submodules and the total loss of the converter are obviously different, especially in various working conditions of different capacities and power factors.
引文
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[3] BARUSCHKA L,MERTENS A.A new 3-phase AC/AC modular multilevel converter with six branches in hexagonal configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(3):1400-1410.
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[19] 王盼,刘飞,查晓明,等.双电机异步驱动的三端口级联多电平变换器及再生能量分配系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(6):1799-1809.WANG Pan,LIU Fei,ZHA Xiaoming,et al.Three-port cascaded multilevel converter and regenerative energy distribution system driven asynchronously by two motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(6):1799-1809.
[20] WANG Pan,LIU Fei,ZHA Xiaoming.A regenerative hexagonal-cascaded multilevel converter for two-motor asynchronous drive[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(4):1687-1699.
[21] MENG Yongqing,LIU Bo,LUO Huiyong.Control scheme of hexagonal modular multilevel direct converter for offshore wind power integration via fractional frequency transmission system[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(1):168-180.
[22] ZHANG C,JIANG D,ZHANG X,et al.The study of a battery energy storage system based on the hexagonal modular multilevel direct AC/AC converter (Hexverter)[J].IEEE Access,2018,6(1):43343-43355.
[23] KARWATAKI D,BARUSCHKA L,MERTENS A.Survey on the Hexverter topology—a modular multilevel AC/AC converter[C]// 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia,June 1-5,2015,Seoul,Korea:1075-1082.
[24] LIANG Y Q,NWANKPA C O.A new type of STATCOM based on cascading voltage-source inverters with phase-shifted unipolar SPWM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1999,35(5):1118-1123.
[25] 潘武略,徐政,张静,等.电压源换流器型直流输电换流器损耗分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,36(21):7-14.PAN Wulue,XU Zheng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Loss analysis of HVDC converter for voltage source converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,36(21):7-14.
[26] 屠卿瑞,徐政.基于结温反馈方法的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电阀损耗评估[J].高电压技术,2012,38(6):1506-1512.TU Qingrui,XU Zheng.Modular multilevel converter based HVDC transmission valve loss assessment based on a junction temperature feedback method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1506-1512.
[27] MOHAN N,UNDELAND T,ROBHINS W.Power electronics:converters,applications and design[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,1989.
[28] CLEMENTE S.Transient thermal response of power semiconductors to short power pulses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(4):337-341.
[29] 董玉斐,杨贺雅,李武华,等.MMC中全桥子模块损耗分布优化的调制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1900-1907.DONG Yufei,YANG Heya,LI Wuhua,et al.An optimal strategy for loss distribution of full bridge submodules in modular multilevel converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1900-1907.
[30] 林海雪.从IEC电磁兼容标准看电网谐波国家标准[J].电网技术,1999,23(5):64-72.LIN Haixue.On difference between national standard and IEC61000 standards of EMC in harmonic[J].Power System Technology,1999,23(5):64-72.
[2] OATES C,A methodology for developing ‘Chainlink’ converters[C]// 2009 13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,September 8-10,2009,Barcelona,Spain:1-10.
[3] BARUSCHKA L,MERTENS A.A new 3-phase AC/AC modular multilevel converter with six branches in hexagonal configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(3):1400-1410.
[4] KARWATZKI D,VON HOFEN M,BARUSCHKA L,et al.Operation of modular multilevel matrix converters with failed branches[C]// 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,October 29-November 1,2014,Dallas,USA:1650-1656.
[5] KARWATZKI D,BARUSCHKA L,KUCKA J,et al.Improved Hexverter topology with magnetically coupled branch inductors[C]// 16th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,August 26-28,2014,Lappeenranta,Finland:1-10.
[6] BARUSCHKA L,MERTENS A.A new 3-phase direct modular multilevel converter[C]// 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,August 30-September 1,2011,Birmingham,UK:1-10.
[7] BARUSCHKA L,MERTENS A,A new 3-phase AC/AC modular multilevel converter with six branches in hexagonal configuration[C]// IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,September 12-16,2011,Phoenix,USA:4005-4012.
[8] KARWATZKI D,BARUSCHKA L,VON HOFEN M,et al.Branch energy control for the modular multilevel direct converter Hexverter[C]// IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,September 14-18,2014,Pittsburgh,USA:1613-1622.
[9] KARWATZKI D,BARUSCHKA L,HOFEN M,et al.Optimized operation mode for the Hexverter topology based on adjacent compensating power[C]// IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,September 14-18,2014,Pittsburgh,USA:5399-5406.
[10] WAN Y,LIU S,JIANG J.Multivariable optimal control of a direct AC/AC converter under rotating dq frames[J].Journal of Power Electronics,2013,13(3):419-428.
[11] TSURUTA R,HOSAKA T,FUJITA H.A new power flow controller using six multilevel cascaded converters for distribution systems[C]// International Power Electronics Conference,May 18-21,2014,Hiroshima,Japan:1350-1356.
[12] PEREDA J,GREEN T C.Direct modular multilevel converter with six branches for flexible distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(4):1728-1737.
[13] HAMASAKI S,OKAMURAK K,TSUBAKIDANI T,et al.Control of hexagonal modular multilevel converter for 3-phase BTB system[C]// International Power Electronics Conference,May 18-21,2014,Hiroshima,Japan:3674-3679.
[14] HAMASAKI S,OKAMURA K,TSUJI M.Control of modular multilevel converter based on bridge cells for 3-phase AC/AC converter[C]// International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,October 26-29,2013,Busan,Korea:1532-1537.
[15] HAMASAKI S,TSUBAKIDANI T,EGUCHI S,et al.Experimental verification of hexagonal modular multilevel converter for 3-phase system[C]// 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,November 9-12,2015,Yokohama,Japan:002747-002752.
[16] BARUSCHKA L,KARWATZKI D,VON HOFEN M,et al.Low-speed drive operation of the modular multilevel converter Hexverter down to zero frequency [C]// IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,September 14-18,2014,Pittsburgh,USA:5407-5414.
[17] KORN A J,WINKELNKEMPE M,STEIMER P,et al.Direct modular multi-level converter for gearless low-speed drives [C]// Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,August 30-September 1,2011,Birmingham,UK:1-7.
[18] KORN A J,WINKELNKEMPE M,STEIMER P.Low output frequency operation of the modular multi-level converter[C]// IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,September 12-16,2010,Georgia,USA:3993-3997.
[19] 王盼,刘飞,查晓明,等.双电机异步驱动的三端口级联多电平变换器及再生能量分配系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(6):1799-1809.WANG Pan,LIU Fei,ZHA Xiaoming,et al.Three-port cascaded multilevel converter and regenerative energy distribution system driven asynchronously by two motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(6):1799-1809.
[20] WANG Pan,LIU Fei,ZHA Xiaoming.A regenerative hexagonal-cascaded multilevel converter for two-motor asynchronous drive[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2017,5(4):1687-1699.
[21] MENG Yongqing,LIU Bo,LUO Huiyong.Control scheme of hexagonal modular multilevel direct converter for offshore wind power integration via fractional frequency transmission system[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,6(1):168-180.
[22] ZHANG C,JIANG D,ZHANG X,et al.The study of a battery energy storage system based on the hexagonal modular multilevel direct AC/AC converter (Hexverter)[J].IEEE Access,2018,6(1):43343-43355.
[23] KARWATAKI D,BARUSCHKA L,MERTENS A.Survey on the Hexverter topology—a modular multilevel AC/AC converter[C]// 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia,June 1-5,2015,Seoul,Korea:1075-1082.
[24] LIANG Y Q,NWANKPA C O.A new type of STATCOM based on cascading voltage-source inverters with phase-shifted unipolar SPWM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1999,35(5):1118-1123.
[25] 潘武略,徐政,张静,等.电压源换流器型直流输电换流器损耗分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,36(21):7-14.PAN Wulue,XU Zheng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Loss analysis of HVDC converter for voltage source converter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,36(21):7-14.
[26] 屠卿瑞,徐政.基于结温反馈方法的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电阀损耗评估[J].高电压技术,2012,38(6):1506-1512.TU Qingrui,XU Zheng.Modular multilevel converter based HVDC transmission valve loss assessment based on a junction temperature feedback method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1506-1512.
[27] MOHAN N,UNDELAND T,ROBHINS W.Power electronics:converters,applications and design[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,1989.
[28] CLEMENTE S.Transient thermal response of power semiconductors to short power pulses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(4):337-341.
[29] 董玉斐,杨贺雅,李武华,等.MMC中全桥子模块损耗分布优化的调制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1900-1907.DONG Yufei,YANG Heya,LI Wuhua,et al.An optimal strategy for loss distribution of full bridge submodules in modular multilevel converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1900-1907.
[30] 林海雪.从IEC电磁兼容标准看电网谐波国家标准[J].电网技术,1999,23(5):64-72.LIN Haixue.On difference between national standard and IEC61000 standards of EMC in harmonic[J].Power System Technology,1999,23(5):64-72.