岩溶地区水土流失生态风险评价——以贵州省六盘水市为例
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摘要
以贵州省六盘水市为研究区,结合岩溶地区特殊的生态环境和人类活动因素,从风险源(基岩裸露率、地形起伏度、沟谷密度、降雨量、植被覆盖度、人类活动)和风险受体(生态服务价值、核心生态保护区、潜在经济损失)的角度分析了六盘水市的水土流失生态风险情况。运用层次分析法和专家咨询法确定了各个因子的权重,对2015年六盘水市的水土流失生态风险进行了分级评价。结果显示:盘县东部、水城西南部、六枝特区南部生态风险较高。六盘水市中险型及以上风险面积达6400.18km2(占总面积的64.55%),整体水土流失生态风险偏高。
Based on the special ecological environment and human activities in karst area,taking Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province as the research area,this paper analyzed Liupanshui ecological risks of soil erosion from the perspective of the risk source(bedrock nondity rate,terrain fluctuation rate,valley density,rainfall,vegetation coverage,human activities)and risk receptors(ecological service value,core ecological protection area,potential economic loss).The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and expert advice are used to determine the weight of each factor,and the ecological risk of soil and water loss in Liupanshui City in 2015 is evaluated on a hierarchical basis.The results showed that the ecological risk is high in the south of Panxian,the southwest of Shuicheng and the southern part of Liuzhitequ.The moderate and serious risk area is up to 6400.18 km~2 accounting for 64.55% of the total area.Therefore,the overall ecological risk of soil erosion is high.
Based on the special ecological environment and human activities in karst area,taking Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province as the research area,this paper analyzed Liupanshui ecological risks of soil erosion from the perspective of the risk source(bedrock nondity rate,terrain fluctuation rate,valley density,rainfall,vegetation coverage,human activities)and risk receptors(ecological service value,core ecological protection area,potential economic loss).The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and expert advice are used to determine the weight of each factor,and the ecological risk of soil and water loss in Liupanshui City in 2015 is evaluated on a hierarchical basis.The results showed that the ecological risk is high in the south of Panxian,the southwest of Shuicheng and the southern part of Liuzhitequ.The moderate and serious risk area is up to 6400.18 km~2 accounting for 64.55% of the total area.Therefore,the overall ecological risk of soil erosion is high.
引文
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[2]尹艾萍,苏凯文,沈立新.牛栏江天花板水电站水土流失分析与防治初探[J].绿色科技,2017(4):27~28.
[3]何姣云,龙振华,别兆云.兴山县水土流失治理现状与对策研究[J].绿色科技,2017(4):47~49.
[4]Hunsaker C T,Grahm R L,Suter G W,et al.Assessing ecological risk on a regional scale[J].Environmental management,1990(14):325~332.
[5]Wallack R N,Hope B K.Quantitative consideration of ecosystem characteristics in an ecological risk assessment:a case study[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2002,8(7):1805~1814.
[6]赵彩霞.甘肃白龙江流域生态风险评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.
[7]徐丽芬,许学工,卢亚灵,等.基于自然灾害的北京幅综合生态风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(11):2607~2612.
[8]许学工,颜磊,徐丽芬,等.中国自然灾害生态风险评价[J/OL].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(5):901~908.
[9]时宇,史明昌.基于GIS的北京市水土流失生态风险评价[J].生态科学,2014,33(6):1100~1105.
[10]尹璐,闫庆武,卞正富.基于RUSLE模型的六盘水市土壤侵蚀评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(3):389~396.
[11]罗俊,王克林,陈洪松,等.桂西北喀斯特地区水土流失敏感性评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(6):579~584.
[12]李晋,熊康宁,李晓娜.中国南方喀斯特地区水土流失特殊性研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(23):227~233.
[13]张志国,李锐,王国梁.基于GIS的区域水土流失生态风险评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,(5):98~101.
[14]凡非得,王克林,宣勇,等.西南喀斯特区域生态环境敏感性评价及其空间分布[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(11):1394~1399.
[15]褚琳,王天巍,朱永清,等.水土流失遥感调查中植被覆盖度因子提取研究[J].人民长江,2017,48(12):70~74,83.
[16]谢余初,巩杰,赵彩霞.甘肃白龙江流域水土流失的景观生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(3):702~708.
[17]刘海涛.基于改进通用土壤侵蚀方程的水土流失时空模拟——以淮河上游为例[J].人民长江,2016,47(4):17~19,26.
[18]李阳兵,邵景安,王世杰,等.基于岩溶生态系统特性的水土流失敏感性评价[J].山地学报,2007(6):671~677.
[19]犹珀玉,兰安军,刘发勇,等.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀危险性评价研究——以贵州省罗甸县为例[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,32(3):22~27.
[20]张莹,雷国平,林佳,等.扎龙自然保护区景观格局动态变化及其生态风险研究[J].国土与自然资源研究,2012(3):60~62.