大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩的岩石成因、构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示
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摘要
本文通过对大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩进行岩石学、年代学及地球化学分析,揭示其岩石成因、形成的构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示。早、晚石炭世二长花岗岩形成年龄依次为334Ma(早石炭世中期)与316Ma(晚石炭世早期)。早石炭世二长花岗岩具有较高的Si O2及Al2O3含量,铝指数均大于1. 1,为强过铝质S型花岗岩。相对较低的Rb/Ba及Rb/Sr比值反映出砂屑岩等贫泥质成分岩石为其原始岩浆的形成提供了物质来源,不同岩石类型脱水熔融实验也证明其成岩岩浆来源于变沉积岩的部分熔融。大量正的εHf(t)值和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=637～1048Ma)说明原始成岩岩浆来源于较为年轻的下地壳物质的部分熔融。少量负的εHf(t)值和较为古老的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=1268～1863Ma),说明成岩岩浆中也有少量古老前寒武纪壳源物质的参与。锆石饱和温度计算表明岩石的岩浆结晶温度在800～850℃之间。晚石炭世二长花岗岩富集轻稀土元素及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有未分异I型花岗岩的特征。其岩浆来源于石榴子石稳定区之上,具中等地壳深度的变玄武岩部分熔融。同时其正的εHf(t)值(2. 1～8. 9)和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=701～1094Ma)说明年轻下地壳物质也参与了原始岩浆的形成。岩浆演化过程中结晶分异作用较差,熔融作用发生于H2O不饱和的条件下。早石炭世二长花岗岩形成于碰撞后构造环境,说明兴安地块与松嫩地块最晚在早石炭世中期之前已经开始碰撞缝合。晚石炭世二长花岗岩的形成则与古洋盆闭合之后碰撞拼贴板块之间因造山作用而引发的"后碰撞"相关。中亚造山带在新元古代至寒武纪及晚古生代时期均经历了重要的地壳增生事件,除水平增生外,垂向增生也是一种重要增生方式,增生机制主要通过"二阶段增生"模式实现。前期俯冲板片的断离下沉或下地壳的拆沉作用导致的幔源岩浆上升在增生过程中起到了重要作用,不仅提供了热量,而且提供了新的物质来源。
This study presents the petrology,geochronology,and geochemistry of two Carboniferous granites in the Jalaid Banner area,middle Great Xing'an Range,NE China,with the aim of resolving their petrogenesis and tectonic background,and the history of accretionary orogenesis. The monzogranite intrusions were formed during the Early Carboniferous( 334 Ma) and Late Carboniferous( 316 Ma). The Early Carboniferous monzogranite has high Si O2 and Al2 O3 contents,and yields aluminum saturation index( ASI)values of > 1. 1,indicating a strongly peraluminous S-type granite. It shows low Rb/Ba and Rb/Sr ratios that indicate a clay-poor source( e. g.,greywacke) provided the bulk of the material to the primitive magma. The compositional fields of experimental melts derived from dehydration melting of various bulk compositions show that the magmatic source was derived mainly from the partial melting of metasedimentary rocks. This monzogranite yields strongly positive εHf( t) values and young two-stage( tDM2) Hf model ages of 1048 Ma to 637 Ma,indicating that the primitive magma formed from partial melting of relatively young lower-crust material. A small number of negative εHf( t) values and relatively old two-stage( tDM2) Hf model ages( 1863 ～ 1268 Ma) indicate a minor component of Precambrian crustal material in the primitive magma. Zircon saturation temperatures correspond to magmatic crystallization temperatures of 850 ～ 800℃. The Late Carboniferous monzogranite shows enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements( e. g.,Rb,Ba,U,and K),depletion in heavy rare earth elements,and has the geochemical features of unfractionated I-type granite.The primary magma was derived from partial melting of metabasalt rocks in the middle to lower crust at pressures above those of the garnet stability field( < 10 kb). The positive εHf( t) values( 2. 1 ～ 8. 9) and young two-stage( tDM2) Hf model ages( 1094 ～ 701 Ma)imply a contribution by younger lower-crust materials to the formation of the primitive magma. Mineral fractionation is inferred to have been relatively weak during the evolution of the magma,and the partial melting that produced the primitive magma occurred under H2 Ounsaturated conditions. The Early Carboniferous monzogranite formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting,indicating that the collision between Xing 'an and Songnen blocks began prior to the middle Early Carboniferous( ca. 334 Ma). The formation of the Late Carboniferous monzogranite was closely related to a post-collisional event that involved the tectonic rearrangement of accreted blocks during a period of waning compressional stress. This led to the final stabilization of the collision-related orogenic belt comprising theXing'an and Songnen blocks,which typically occurs during the later post-collisional stage after early syn-collisional thrusting and folding. The eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt records remarkable crustal accretion events during the Neo-proterozoic to Cambrian and the Late Paleozoic. Crustal accretion occurs via both horizontal and vertical accretion. In the present case,a two-stage model of continental growth is proposed,whereby mantle-derived mafic or ultramafic magmas intruded the lower crust to form the basic basaltic rocks,followed by the melting of these basaltic rocks to form the felsic rocks that intruded the upper crust. Break-off of the presubduction lithosphere or delamination of the lower crust led to the upwelling of asthenospheric-mantle-derived material that played an important role in orogenic accretion,as it provided heat for partial melting and contributed to continental accretion.
This study presents the petrology,geochronology,and geochemistry of two Carboniferous granites in the Jalaid Banner area,middle Great Xing'an Range,NE China,with the aim of resolving their petrogenesis and tectonic background,and the history of accretionary orogenesis. The monzogranite intrusions were formed during the Early Carboniferous( 334 Ma) and Late Carboniferous( 316 Ma). The Early Carboniferous monzogranite has high Si O2 and Al2 O3 contents,and yields aluminum saturation index( ASI)values of > 1. 1,indicating a strongly peraluminous S-type granite. It shows low Rb/Ba and Rb/Sr ratios that indicate a clay-poor source( e. g.,greywacke) provided the bulk of the material to the primitive magma. The compositional fields of experimental melts derived from dehydration melting of various bulk compositions show that the magmatic source was derived mainly from the partial melting of metasedimentary rocks. This monzogranite yields strongly positive εHf( t) values and young two-stage( tDM2) Hf model ages of 1048 Ma to 637 Ma,indicating that the primitive magma formed from partial melting of relatively young lower-crust material. A small number of negative εHf( t) values and relatively old two-stage( tDM2) Hf model ages( 1863 ～ 1268 Ma) indicate a minor component of Precambrian crustal material in the primitive magma. Zircon saturation temperatures correspond to magmatic crystallization temperatures of 850 ～ 800℃. The Late Carboniferous monzogranite shows enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements( e. g.,Rb,Ba,U,and K),depletion in heavy rare earth elements,and has the geochemical features of unfractionated I-type granite.The primary magma was derived from partial melting of metabasalt rocks in the middle to lower crust at pressures above those of the garnet stability field( < 10 kb). The positive εHf( t) values( 2. 1 ～ 8. 9) and young two-stage( tDM2) Hf model ages( 1094 ～ 701 Ma)imply a contribution by younger lower-crust materials to the formation of the primitive magma. Mineral fractionation is inferred to have been relatively weak during the evolution of the magma,and the partial melting that produced the primitive magma occurred under H2 Ounsaturated conditions. The Early Carboniferous monzogranite formed in a post-collisional tectonic setting,indicating that the collision between Xing 'an and Songnen blocks began prior to the middle Early Carboniferous( ca. 334 Ma). The formation of the Late Carboniferous monzogranite was closely related to a post-collisional event that involved the tectonic rearrangement of accreted blocks during a period of waning compressional stress. This led to the final stabilization of the collision-related orogenic belt comprising theXing'an and Songnen blocks,which typically occurs during the later post-collisional stage after early syn-collisional thrusting and folding. The eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt records remarkable crustal accretion events during the Neo-proterozoic to Cambrian and the Late Paleozoic. Crustal accretion occurs via both horizontal and vertical accretion. In the present case,a two-stage model of continental growth is proposed,whereby mantle-derived mafic or ultramafic magmas intruded the lower crust to form the basic basaltic rocks,followed by the melting of these basaltic rocks to form the felsic rocks that intruded the upper crust. Break-off of the presubduction lithosphere or delamination of the lower crust led to the upwelling of asthenospheric-mantle-derived material that played an important role in orogenic accretion,as it provided heat for partial melting and contributed to continental accretion.
引文
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