摘要
红树林动态是地理学、生态学和湿地学等学科关注的热点之一。遥感技术具有宏观性、高效性和经济性等特点,在红树林动态监测中发挥日益重要的作用。本文通过关键词对Web of Science和中国知网2个数据库自2000年以来发表的文章进行梳理和归纳,从研究区域分布、文献数量、遥感监测数据源与方法、全球红树林动态以及全国红树林动态变化分析5个方面总结了近20年来国内外对于红树林遥感动态监测研究进展。研究结果表明,多传感器高时空分辨率数据将成为红树林遥感动态监测的重要数据源。将雷达数据和光学遥感数据进行融合,有助于进一步提升红树林卫星遥感监测能力。无人机平台搭载多种类型的传感器(如多光谱、高光谱或激光雷达传感器),可以从不同方面获取红树林生态系统参数,结合遥感智能分析算法,有助于推动红树林遥感研究向纵深方向发展。红树林遥感动态监测相关研究表明,全球红树林总面积范围大致在1.1×108~2.4×108hm2,总体仍呈减少趋势,而在区域上中国红树林面积则有所恢复。本文最后对红树林遥感动态监测的发展趋势进行了展望。
Mangrove dynamics is one of the hotspots of geography, ecology and wetland science. Remote sensing technology is characterized by macroscopicity, high efficiency and economy, and plays an increasingly important role in the dynamic monitoring of mangroves. This paper searches and summarizes the articles published by Web of Science and China Knowledge Network from 2000 on the basis of keywords, from research area distribution, number of documents, remote sensing data sources and methods, global mangrove dynamics and national red The five aspects of dynamic change analysis of forests summarize the research progress on dynamic monitoring of mangrove remote sensing in the past 20 years. The research results show that multisensor high spatial and temporal resolution data will become an important data source for mangrove remote sensing dynamic monitoring. The fusion of radar data and optical remote sensing data will help to further enhance the mangrove satellite remote sensing monitoring capability. The UAV platform is equipped with various types of sensors(such as multi-spectral, hyperspectral or lidar sensors), which can obtain mangrove ecosystem parameters from different aspects. Combined with remote sensing intelligent analysis algorithms, it helps mangrove remote sensing research in the depth direction. development of. The total area of mangrove forests monitored by mangrove remote sensing is roughly 11 million to 24 million hectares, and the overall trend is still decreasing. In the region, the area of mangroves in China has recovered. At the end of this paper, the development trend of mangrove remote sensing dynamic monitoring is prospected.
引文
[1]林鹏.红树林的种类及其分布[J].林业科学,1987(4):481-490.[Lin P.Distribution of mangrove species[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1987(4):481-490.]
[2]刘俊霞,任广波,高宁,等.基于SPOT5影像的红树林种类图谱特征分析和制图[J].激光生物学报,2014(6):609-613.[Liu J X,Ren G B,Gao N,et al.The type of mangrove features analysis and mapping based on SPOT-5image[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2014(6):609-613.]
[3]苏岫,赵冬至,黄凤荣,等.基于高空间分辨率的红树林卫星遥感监测技术进展[J].热带海洋学报,2011(3):38-45.[Su X,Zhao D Z,Huang F R,et al.Development of mangrove monitoring technology using high spatial-resolution satellite images[J].Journal of tropical oceanography,2014(6):609-613.]
[4]苏岫,赵冬至,王祥,等.基于SPOT5的红树林遥感分类[J].热带海洋学报,2012(6):128-134.[Su X,Zhao D Z,Wang X,et al.Remote sensing classification of mangrove based on SPOT5 image[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012(6):128-134.]
[5]李春干,代华兵.1960-2010年广西红树林空间分布演变机制[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5992-6006.[Li C G,Dai H B.The spatial spatial distribution evolution mechanism of mangroves in Guangxi from 1960 to 2010[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(18):5992-6006.]
[6]何斌源,范航清,王瑁,等.中国红树林湿地物种多样性及其形成[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4859-4870.[He B Y,Fan H Q,Wang M,et al.Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4859-4890.]
[7]FAO.Status and trends in mangrove area extent world wide[R].Rome:Forest resources assessment programme,2003.
[8]吴培强,马毅,李晓敏,等.广东省红树林资源变化遥感监测[J].海洋学研究,2011(4):16-24.[Wu P Q,Zhang J,Ma Y,et al.Remote sensing monitoring and analysis of the changes of mangrove resource in China in the pasts 20years[J].Advances in Marine Science,2011(4):16-24.]
[9]林鹏,红树林[M].北京:海洋出版社,1984.[Lin P.Mangrove[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1984.]
[10]林鹏,傅勤.中国红树林的环境生态及经济利用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997.[Lin P,Fu Q.Environmental ecology and economic utilization of mangroves in China[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1997.]
[11]范航清.红树林海岸环保卫士[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,2000:32-37.[Fan H Q.Mangrove-environmental protection Guard at the coastal zone[M].Nanning:Guangxi Science and Technology Press,2000:32-37.]
[12]国家林业局森林资源管理司.全国红树林资源报告[R],2002.[Forest Resources Management Division,State Forestry Administration.National Mangrove Resources Report[R].2002.]
[13]王玉图.中国红树林生态系统健康评价指标体系研究[D].北京:中国科学院,2010:7-10.[Wang Y T.Research on the health assessing system of Chinese mangrove ecosystems[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Sciences,2010:7-70.]
[14]但新球,廖宝文,吴照柏,等.中国红树林湿地资源、保护现状和主要威胁[J].生态环境学报,2016(7):237-1243.[Dan X Q,Liao B W,Wu Z B,et al.Resources,conservation status and main threats of mangrove wetlands in China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016(7):237-1243.]
[15]冯家莉,刘凯,朱远辉,等.无人机遥感在红树林资源调查中的应用[J].热带地理,2015(1):35-42.[Feng J L,Liu K,Zhu Y H,et al.Application of unmanned aerial vehicles to mangrove resources monitoring[J].Tropical Geography,2015(1):35-42.]
[16]胡健波,张健.无人机遥感在生态学中的应用进展[J].生态学报,2018(1):20-30.[Hu J B,Zhang J.Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing in ecology:Advances and prospects[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018(1):20-30.]
[17]国家海洋局908专项办公室.海岸带调查技术规程[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.[National Oceanic Administration 908 Special Office.Coastal Zone Survey Technical Regulations[M].Beijing:Ocean Publishing House,2012.]
[18]黄星,辛琨,李秀珍,等.基于斑块的东寨港红树林湿地景观格局变化及其驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2015(5):1510-1518.[Huang X,Xin K,Li X Z,et al.Landscape pattern change of Dongzhai Harbour mangrove,South China analyzed with a patch-based method and its driving forces Chinese[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2015(5):1510-1518.]
[19]李姗姗,田庆久.基于Geoeye-1影像光谱特性的红树林冠层种类识别[J].光谱学与光谱,2013(1):136-141.[Li SS,Tian Q J.Mangrove canopy species discrimination based on spectral fearures Geoeye-1 Imagery[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2013(1):136-141.]
[20]王友绍.海洋生态系统多样性研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2011,26(2):184-189.[Wang Y S.Study on diversity of marine ecosystems[J].Proceedings of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011,26(2):184-189.]
[21]廖宝文,张乔民,中国红树林的分布、面积和树种组成[J].湿地科学,2014(4):435-440.[Liao B W,Zhang Q M.Area,distribution and species composition of mangroves in China[J].Wetland Science,2014(4):435-440.]
[22]林鹏.中国红树林研究进展[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2001(2):592-603.[Lin P.A Review on the Mangrove Research in China[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2001(2):592-603.]
[23]刘春燕,张雪红,陈健.基于决策树的角度指数方法EO-1ALI影像的红树林遥感识别[J].湿地科学,2015(4):451-455.[Liu C Y,Zhang X H,Chen J.Identifying mangrove forest with EO-1 1 ALI imagery combining decision tree with angle indices[J].Wetland Science,2015(4):451-455.]
[24]Giri C,Pengra B,Long J.Next generation of global land cover characterization,mapping,and monitoring[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2013(25):30-37.
[25]刘凯,黎夏,王树功,等.珠江口近20年红树林湿地的遥感动态监测[J].热带地理,2005(2):111-116.[Liu K,Li X,Wang S G,et al.Monitoring of the changes of the changes of mangrove wetland around the Zhujiang estuary in the past two decades by remote sensing[J].Tropical Geography,2005(2):111-116.]
[26]刘凯,朱远辉,李骞,等.基于多源遥感的广东镇海湾红树林演变分析[J].热带地理,2015(5):850-859.[Liu K,Zhu Y H,Li Q,et al.Analysis on mangrove resources changes of Zhenhai Bay in Guangdong based on multi source remote sensing images[J].Tropical Geography,2015(5):850-859.]
[27]孙永光,赵冬至,郭文永,等.红树林生态系统遥感监测研究进展[J].生态学报,2013(15):4523-4538.[Sun Y,Zhao D Z,Guo W Y,et al.A review on the application of remote sensing in mangrove ecosystem monitoring[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013(15):4523-4538.]
[28]吴培强,张杰,马毅,等.近20a来我国红树林资源变化遥感监测与分析[J].海洋科学进展,2013(3):406-414.[Wu P Q,Zhang J,Ma Y,et al.Remote Sensing monitoring and analysis of the changes of mangrove resource in China in the pasts 20 years[J].Advances in Marine Science,2013(3):406-414.]
[29]张怀清,赵峰,崔丽娟.红树林湿地恢复遥感动态监测技术研究[J].林业科学研究,2008(S1):32-36.[Zhang H,Zhao F,Cui L.A study on dynamic monitoring of mangrove wetland restoration using remote sensing techniques[J].Forestry research,2008(S1):32-36.]
[30]Wang C,Chen J,et al.A snow-free vegetation index for improved monitoring of vegetation spring green-up date in deciduous ecosystems[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,196:1-12.
[31]Abdul Aziz A,Phinn S,Dargusch P.Nvestigating the decline of ecosystem services in a production mangrove forest using Landsat and object-based image analysis[J].Estuar Coast Shelf S,2015,164:353-366.
[32]张雪红.基于决策树方法的Landsat8 OLI影像红树林信息自动提取[J].国土资源遥感,2016(2):182-187.[Zhang X H.Decision tree algorithm of automatically extracting mangrove forests information from Landsat 8 OLI imagery[J].Remote Sensing for Land andResources,2016(2):182-187.]
[33]张雪红,田庆久.利用温湿度指数提高红树林遥感识别精度[J].国土资源遥感,2012,23(3):65-70.[Zhang X H,Tian Q J.Application of the temperature-moisture index to the improvement of remote sensing identification accuracy of mangrove[J].Remote Sensing of Land and Resources,2012,23(3):65-70.]
[34]Nascimento W R,Souza-Filho P W,et al.Mapping changes in the largest continuous Amazonian mangrove belt using object-based classification of multisensor satellite imagery.Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,117:83-93.
[35]章恒,王世新,周艺,等.多源遥感影像红树林信息提取方法比较[J].湿地科学,2015(2):145-152.[Zhang H,Wang S X,Zhou Y,et al.2015.Comparison of different methods of mangrove extraction from multi-source remote sensing images[J].Wetland Science,2015(2):145-152.]
[36]Fei S X,Shan C H,Hua G Z.Remote sensing of mangrove wetlands identification[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,10(1):2287-2293.
[37]朱耀军,郭菊兰,武高洁,等.高分辨率卫星遥感在红树林资源监测中的应用[J].世界林业研究,2012(4):39-44.[Zhu Y J,Guo J L,Wu G J,et al.Application of high resolution satellite remote sensing to mangrove resources monitoring[J].World Forestry Research,2012(4):39-44.]
[38]Abdul Aziz A,Phinn S,Dargusch P.Investigating the decline of ecosystem services in a production mangrove forest using Landsat and object-based image analysis[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2015(164):353-366.
[39]贾明明.1973-2013年中国红树林动态变化遥感分析[D].沈阳:中国科学院研究生院(东北地理与农业生态研究所),2014.[Jia M M.Remote sensing analysis of dynamic changes of Chinese mangroves from 1973 to 2013[D].Shenyang:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology),2014.]
[40]Cao J,Leng W,Liu K,Liu L,et al.Object-based mangrove species classification using unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral images and digital surface models[J].Remote Sensing,2015,10(2):89-96.
[41]Chellamani P,Singh C P,Panigrahy S.Assessment of the health status of Indian mangrove ecosystems using multi temporal remote sensing data[J].Tropical Ecology,2014,55(2):245-253.
[42]Chen B,Xiao X,Li X,et al.A mangrove forest map of China in 2015:Analysis of time series Landsat 7/8 and Sentinel-1A imagery in Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2017,131(1):104-120.
[43]Chen C,Son N,Chang N,et al.Multi-Decadal mangrove forest change detection and Prediction in Honduras,Central America,with Landsat imagery and a Markov Chain model[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(12):6408-6426.
[44]Thomas N,Lucas R,Itoh T,et al.An approach to monitoringmangrove extents through time-series comparison of JERS-1 SAR and ALOS PALSAR data[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2015,23(1):3-17.
[45]Connette G,Oswald P,Songer M,et al.Mapping distinct forest types improves overall forest identification based on multi-spectral landsat imagery for Myanmar's Tanintharyi Region[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(11):882.
[46]FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).The world's mangroves 1980-2005[R].Rome:2007:153-157.
[47]FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)[R].The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture.Food and Agriculture Organization,Rome,2012.
[48]Ghosh M K,Kumar,Roy C.Mapping long-term changes in mangrove species composition and distribution in the Sundarbans[J].Forests,2016,7(3):512-520.
[49]Giri C,Long J,Abbas S,et al.Distribution and dynamics of mangrove forests of South Asia[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,148:101-111.
[50]Suwanprasit C.Effects of near shore land-use dynamic on coastal erosion in Phuket,Thailand[C]//Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.IEEE,2015(2):4832-4835.
[51]Giri C,Pengra B,Long J,et al.Next generation of global land cover characterization,mapping,and monitoring[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo-information,2013,25:30-37.
[52]Giri C,Long J,Abbas S,et al.Distribution and dynamics of mangrove forests of South Asia[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2015,148:101-111.
[53]Hamilton S E,Casey D.Creation of a high spatio-temporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21stcentury(CGMFC-21)[J].Global Ecology&Biogeography,2016,25(6):729-738.
[54]Heumann B W.An object-based classification of mangroves using a hybrid decision tree:Support vector machine approach[J].Remote Sensing,2011(11):2440-2460.
[55]Ibrahim N A,Mustapha M A,Lihan T,et al.Determination of mangrove change in Matang Mangrove Forest using multi temporal satellite imageries[J].Ocean and Coastal Management,2011,114(1):64-76.
[56]Jia M,Wang Z,Zhang Y,et al.Landsat-based estimation of mangrove forest loss and restoration in Guangxi Province,China,influenced by human and natural factors[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2015,8(1):311-323.
[57]Malik A,Mertz O,Fensholt R.Mangrove forest decline:Consequences for livelihoods and environment in South Sulawesi[J].Regional Environmental Change,2017,17(1):157-169.
[58]Juman R A,Ramsewak D.Land cover changes in the Caroni Swamp Ramsar Site,Trinidad(1942 and 2007)implications for management[J].Journal of Coastal Conservation,2013,17(1):133-141.
[59]Viennois G,Proisy C,Féret J B,et al.Multitemporal analysis of high-spatial-resolution optical satellite imagery for mangrove species mapping in Bali,Indonesia[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2016,9(8):3680-3686.
[60]Wang T,Zhang H,Lin H,et al.Textural-Spectral featurebased species classification of mangroves in Mai Po Nature reserve from worldview-3 iImagery[J].Remote Sensing,2015,8(1):24-32.
[61]Otero V,Quisthoudt K,Koedam N,et al.Mangroves at their limits:Detection and area estimation of mangroves along the Sahara desert coast[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(6):512-520.
[62]Upadhyay A,Shetty A,Singh S K,et al.Land use and land cover classification of LISS-III satellite image using KNN and decision tree[C]//International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development.IEEE,2016.
[63]Azian M,Ismail Adnan A M,Mohd Hasmadi I.The use of remote sensing for monitoring spatial and temporal changes in mangrove management[J].Malaysian Forester,2009,6:100-120.
[64]Singh S K,Srivastava P K,Gupta M,et al.Appraisal of land use/land cover of mangrove forest ecosystem using support vector machine[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(5):2245-2255.
[65]Zhang D S,Cong L X,Wang Z Q,et al.Object-oriented Zhangjiangkou mangrove communities classification Using quickbird imagery[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,05-607(1):2274-2278.
[66]Malik A,Mertz O,Fensholt R.Mangrove forest decline:Consequences for livelihoods and environment in South Sulawesi[J].Regional Environmental Change,2017,17(1):157-169.
[67]Jia M,Zhang Y,Wang Z,et al.Mapping the distribution of mangrove species in the Core Zone of Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve,Hong Kong,using hyperspectral data and high-resolution data[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation&Geoinformation,2014,33(1):226-231.
[68]Nardin W,Woodcock C E,Fagherazzi S.Bottom sediments affect Sonneratia mangrove forests in the prograding Mekong delta,Vietnam[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2016,177:60-70.
[69]Nascimento W R,Souza-Filho P W M,Proisy C,et al.Mapping changes in the largest continuous Amazonian mangrove belt using object-based classification of multisensor satellite imagery[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2013,117:83-93.
[70]Cubillas J E,Japitana M.The application of support vector machine using cielab color model,color intensity and color constancy as features for ortho image classification of benthic habitats in Hinatuan,Surigao del Sur,Philippines[J].ISPRS-International Archives of the Photogrammetry,Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences,2016,XLI-B7:189-194.
[71]Wong F K K,Fung T.Combining EO-1 hyperion and envisat ASAR data for mangrove species classification in Mai Po Ramsar Site,Hong Kong[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2014,35(23):7828-7856.
[72]Kumar,Tanumi,Panigrahy,et al.Classification of floristic composition of mangrove forests using,hyperspectral data:Case study of Bhitarkanika National Park,India[J].Journal of Coastal Conservation,2013,17(1):121-132.
[73]Pastorguzman J,Dash J,Atkinson P M.Remote sensing of mangrove forest phenology and its environmental drivers[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,4:205.
[74]Bui T D,Maier S W,Austin C M.Land cover and land use change related to shrimp farming in coastal areas of Quang Ninh,Vietnam using remotely sensed data[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(2):441-455.
[75]Quoc T V,Oppelt N,Leinenkugel P,et al.Remote sensing in mapping mangrove ecosystems:An Object-Based approach[J].Remote Sensing,2013,5(1):183-201.
[76]Rodriguez W,Feller I C,Cavanaugh K C.Spatio-temporal changes of a mangrove-saltmarsh ecotone in the northeastern coast of Florida,USA[J].Global Ecology and Conservation,2016,7:245-261.
[77]Sabel D,Bartalis Z,Wagner W.Development of a Global Backscatter Model in support to the Sentinel-1 mission design[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,120(SI):102-112.
[78]Singh I J,Singh S K,Kushwaha S.Assessment and monitoring of estuarine mangrove forests of Goa using satellite remote sensing[J].Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,2004,32(2):167-174.
[79]韩维栋.雷州半岛红树林及其保护策略研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2002.[Han W D.Study on mangrove and its conservational strategy of Leizhou Peninsula,China[D].Xiamen:Xiamen university,2002.]
[80]邓才龙.无人机遥感在海岛海岸带监测中的应用研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2015.[Deng CL.Application of UAV remote sensing in island coastal zone monitoring[D].Qingdao:First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,2015.]
[81]Chen Q,Ma K M.Research overview and trend on biological invasion in mangrove forests[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(3):283-299.
[82]Son N,Chen C,Chang N,et al.Mangrove mapping and change detection in Ca Mau Peninsula,Vietnam,Using Landsat data and Object-Based image analysis[J].IEEEJournal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing,2015,8(2):503-510.
[83]Srinivasa Kumar T,Mahendra R S,Nayak S,et al.Identification of hot spots and well managed areas of Pichavaram mangrove using Landsat TM and Resourcesat:1LISS IV:An example of coastal resource conservation along Tamil Nadu Coast,India[J].Journal of Coastal Conservation,2015,16(1):1-12.
[84]Friess D,Webb.Bad data equals bad policy:How to trust estimates of ecosystem loss when there is somuch uncertainty?Environmental Conservation,2011,38:1-5.
[85]Chen J,Chen J,Liao A,et al.Global land cover mapping at 30 m resolution:A POK-based operational approach[J].Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,2015,103(6):7-27.
[86]Quader M A,Agrawal S,Kervyn M.Multi-decadal land cover evolution in the Sundarban,the largest mangrove forest in the world[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2017,139(2):113-124.
[87]Tran L X,Fischer A.Spatiotemporal changes and fragmentation of mangroves and its effects on fish diversity in Ca Mau Province(Vietnam)[J].Journal of Coastal Conservation,2017,21(3):355-368.
[88]Turkar V,Rao,Deo R.Fusion of multi-frequency polarimetric SAR and LISS-3 optical data for classification of various land covers[J].AIP Conference Proceedings,2014,157(1):487-492.
[89]Umroh,Adi W,Sari S P.Detection of mangrove distribution in Pongok Island[C]//Setiawan Y,Prasetyo L B,Siregar I Z,et al.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2016:253-257.
[90]廖宝文,张乔民.中国红树林的分布、面积和树种组成[J].湿地科学,2014(4):25-29.[Liao B W,Zhang Q M.Area,distribution and species composition of mangroves in China[J].Wetland Science,2014(4):25-29.]
[91]Wang D,Lin H,Chen J S,et al.Application of multi-temporal ENVISAT ASAR data to agricultural area mapping in the Pearl River Delta[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2010,31(6):1555-1572.
[92]Wang T,Zhang H,Lin H,et al.Textural-spectral featurebased species classification of mangroves in Mai Po Nature Reserve from Worldview-3 imagery[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(241):100-109.
[93]Wilkie M L,Fortune.Status and trends of mangrove area worldwide[R].Forest Resources Assessment Working Paper No.63.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2013.
[94]Wong F K K,Fung T.Combining EO-1 Hyperion and Envisat ASAR data for mangrove species classification in Mai Po Ramsar Site,Hong Kong[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2014,35(23):7828-7856.
[95]Yang C H,Everitt J H,Fletcher R S,et al.Evaluating AI-SA hyperspectral imagery for mapping black mangrove along the South Texas Gulf coast[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2017,75(4):425-435.
[96]Zeng T,Zhang Z,Zhao X,et al.Evaluation of the 2010MODIS collection 5.1 land cover type product over China[J].Remote Sensing,2012,7(2):1981-2006
[97]Ren C,Wang Z,Zhang B,et al.Remote monitoring of expansion of aquaculture ponds along coastal region of the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2015[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2018,28(3):430-442.
[98]Zhang X,Tian Q.A mangrove recognition index for remote sensing of mangrove forest from space[J].Current Science,2013,105(8):1149-1155.
[99]Zhang X,Treitz P M,Chen D,et al.Mapping mangrove forests using multi-tidal remotely-sensed data and a decisiontree-based procedure[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation&Geoinformation,2017,62:201-214.