预紧力锚杆协同锚固作用试验研究
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摘要
为了研究预紧力锚杆锚固时所产生的协同作用,在实验室条件下制作了一组模型试件。在不同预紧力作用下,测试分析单根、两根和多根锚杆在锚固体内不同测点所产生的应力值及应力场分布特征,证明了协同作用在锚固体中的客观存在,并提出协同增量的概念和计算公式,以此建立协同作用的评价方法。研究表明,随着锚杆预紧力增大,在锚固体内不同位置所产生的应力值随之变大;单根锚杆作用时锚固体内不会产生协同作用,应力场分布呈现线性衰减;而2根、多根锚杆共同作用时,在锚固体某一范围内产生协同作用,其协同增量大于零,应力场分布呈现出非线性衰减。协同锚固作用能够有效改善锚固体的应力状态,显著提高其强度、刚度、承载能力和抗变形能力。
To investigate the synergistic effects of preload bolt, some experimental testing specimens were made. With different preloads, the stress value and distribution characteristics at different measuring points in anchorage section with a single bolt, double bolts and multiple bolts were tested. The existence of synergistic effects was verified in the experiment. Meanwhile, synergistic effects evaluation method was developed with the proposal of synergistic increment and its calculation formula. Results shows that the stress value at different locations of anchorage body rises with the increase in bolt preloading. Stress distribution indicates a linear attenuation with one single bolt, while a non-linear attenuation with two or multiple bolts. For the latter, specifically, synergistic effect occurs in a certain range of anchorage section, and the synergistic increment is over zero. As a result, synergistic effects could help to improve the stress status of anchorage, as well as its strength, stiffness, bearing capacity and defor mation-resistance capacity.
To investigate the synergistic effects of preload bolt, some experimental testing specimens were made. With different preloads, the stress value and distribution characteristics at different measuring points in anchorage section with a single bolt, double bolts and multiple bolts were tested. The existence of synergistic effects was verified in the experiment. Meanwhile, synergistic effects evaluation method was developed with the proposal of synergistic increment and its calculation formula. Results shows that the stress value at different locations of anchorage body rises with the increase in bolt preloading. Stress distribution indicates a linear attenuation with one single bolt, while a non-linear attenuation with two or multiple bolts. For the latter, specifically, synergistic effect occurs in a certain range of anchorage section, and the synergistic increment is over zero. As a result, synergistic effects could help to improve the stress status of anchorage, as well as its strength, stiffness, bearing capacity and defor mation-resistance capacity.
引文
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[16]康红普,姜鹏飞,蔡嘉芳.锚杆支护应力场测试与分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1521-1528.KANG Hongpu,JIANG Pengfei,CAI Jiafang.Test and analysis on stress fields caused by rock bolting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1521-1528.
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[18]崔广心.相似理论与模型试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990:41-57.
[2]苗国航.我国预应力岩土锚固技术的现状与发展[J].地质与勘探,2003,39(3):91-94.MIAO Guohang.The present situation and development of prestressed geotechnical anchoring technique in China[J].Geology and Prospecting,2003,39(3):91-94.
[3]HERMANN H.Synergetics[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1983.
[4]林振山.非线性科学及其在地学中的应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:81-95.
[5]冯夏庭.智能岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:37-50.
[6]郭治安.协同学和工程技术中的协同作用[J].大连铁道学院学报,1981(1):69-78.GUO Zhi’an.Synergetics and synergies in engineering technology[J].Journal of Dalian Railway Institute,1981(1):69-78.
[7]王金华.全煤巷道锚杆锚索联合支护机理与效果分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):1-7.WANG Jinhua.Analysis on mechanism and effect of rock bolts and cables in gateroad with coal seam as roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):1-7.
[8]张国华,梁冰,张宏伟,等.回采巷道顶板离层分析与锚杆组合支护技术参数确定[J].重庆大学学报,2010,33(7):135-140.ZHANG Guohua,LIANG Bing,ZHANG Hongwei,et al.Analysis of the roof separation in mining roadway and technical parameters determination of bolt combined supporting[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2010,33(7):135-140.
[9]何满潮,杨军,齐干,等.深部软岩巷道耦合支护优化设计及应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(1):40-42.HE Manchao,YANG Jun,QI Gan,et al.Optimized design and its application of coupling support for soft rock roadway at great depth[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2007,26(1):40-42.
[10]龙景奎,蒋斌松,刘刚,等.巷道围岩协同锚固系统及其作用机理研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(3):372-378.LONG Jingkui,JIANG Binsong,LIU Gang,et al.Astudy of the mechanism and application of synergistic anchoring systems in roadway surrounding rocks[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(3):372-378.
[11]龙景奎.深部巷道围岩协同锚固机理研究与应用[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.
[12]龙景奎.深部巷道围岩协同锚固机理[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(1):19-26.LONG Jingkui.The mechanism of synergetic anchorage in deep roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(1):19-26.
[13]刘刚,龙景奎,刘学强.巷道稳定的协同学原理及应用技术[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(12):1975-1980.LIU Gang,LONG Jingkui,LIU Xueqiang.Synergetic principle for roadway stability and its application technique[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(12):1975-1980.
[14]韦四江.预紧力对巷道围岩锚固体稳定的作用机理及工程应用[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2011.
[15]康红普,姜铁明,高富强.预应力在锚杆支护中的作用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(7):673-678.KANG Hongpu,JIANG Tieming,GAO Fuqiang.Effect of pretensioned stress to rock bolting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(7):673-678.
[16]康红普,姜鹏飞,蔡嘉芳.锚杆支护应力场测试与分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1521-1528.KANG Hongpu,JIANG Pengfei,CAI Jiafang.Test and analysis on stress fields caused by rock bolting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1521-1528.
[17]李晓红.岩石力学试验模拟技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:11-30.
[18]崔广心.相似理论与模型试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990:41-57.