陇中盆地古近纪—新近纪地层学与古气候学研究进展
|
摘要
位于我国西北部的陇中盆地古近纪—新近纪(第三纪)地层出露较好,并且产出大量哺乳动物化石和植物化石,这为西北地区地层对比和古气候研究提供了良好材料。近几十年,众多学者在陇中盆地的各次级盆地(如西宁盆地、兰州盆地、临夏盆地等)开展了大量古生物学、生物地层学、磁性地层学和古气候学研究,为探讨陇中盆地的构造演化过程和气候演变过程提供了重要参考。本文对陇中盆地第三纪地层年代学和古气候研究已取得的进展进行了初步总结归纳,并提出了需要进一步研究的问题。
Background aim and scope The well-developed long continuous Paleogene — Neogene fluvio-lacustrine strata(the Tertiary red beds) are exposed in the Longzhong Basin, Northwestern China. The abundant mammalian faunas and phytolite in the red beds provide valuable material for the stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. In recent decades, paleontological, sedimentological, magnetostratigraphical and palynological studies have been conducted in the Longzhong Basin(e.g., Xining Basin, Lanzhou Basin and Linxia Basin). The environmental evolution in the Longzhong Basin since Cenzoic is likely to be associated with the land-sea redistributions the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and/or the global cooling. Materials and methods In this study, we review the achievements mentioned above based on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic research published in recent decades and bring out questions to be solved in future studies. Results The Tertiary beds in the Xining Basin unconformably overlie the Cretaceous Minhe Group, and the initiation of Tertiary beds began at least 55 — 52 Ma ago. Between 52—17 Ma, the continuous deposits in this basin implied a relatively stable sedimentary environment. The Tertiary beds of the Lanzhou Basin unconformably overlie the Cretaceous Hekou Group with an basal age of over 58 Ma. Given the formation of the basin systems in and around the Tibetan Plateau at that time, we speculate that the initiation of Paleogene deposits in these two basins at 58 — 52 Ma may be linked to the Indian-Eurasian continental collision at 65 — 55 Ma. The low sedimentary rate before late Paleogene(32 — 29 Ma) implied a relatively weak tectonic activity in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau after the collision of Indian and Eurasian continent. However, the sedimentary rate increased from 32 — 29 Ma in both basins and a hiatus was observed in the Lanzhou Basin at the boundary of Yehucheng Formation and Xianshuihe Formation(~31 Ma) implying an active tectonic movement in the Longzhong Basin. The increased subsidence by 29 Ma at the latest in the Linxia Basin also provides evidence for the tectonic movements in the Longzhong Basin at that time. Furthermore, the sedimentary response of the Qaidam Basin to the uplift and denudation of the source area was observed around 30 Ma. The evidences support a widespread tectonic activity in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau between 32 — 29 Ma. Later, more tectonic movements were observed in the Longzhong Basin in the Late Oligocene(25 — 20 Ma) and Late Miocene(8 — 6 Ma). The Lithology and cyclostratigraphic analysis, pollen records, n-alkane biomarker proxy, and environmental magnetism indicate the cooling and aridification trend in the Xining Basin from 52 Ma to 25 Ma. Of particular importance is the permanent disappearance of gypsum layers after 34 Ma, which was attributed to the aridification resulting from the global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene Climatic Transition(EOT). The gypsum layers in the Xining Basin and Lanzhou Basin suggest a playa lake environment in the western Longzhong Basin under hot and dry background in the Eocene. The phytolith evidences in the Late Oligocene(~31 Ma) suggest that the climate in the Lanzhou Basin is warmer and more moist than that of today. The red clay has been deposited on the eastern Longzhong Basin since at least 25 — 22 Ma, which may implies the existence of an arid area in the central Asia and the formation of the East Asian winter monsoon. The magnetic susceptibility in the red clay recorded the influence of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum(17.5 — 13.5 Ma) on the eastern Longzhong Basin. The sedimentary records and mammalian fossils in the Linxia Basin show that further aridifi cation initiated at 8 — 6 Ma, which may be associated with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Discussion The evolution of the Longzhong Basin is linked to two stages of the Indian-Eurasian continental collision at ~60 Ma and ~30 Ma. The environmental evolution of the Longzhong Basin is consistent with global climate before 25 Ma, especially during the EOT. This suggests that the Longzhong Basin was dominated by the Westerlies, which came from the North Atlantic and brought climate signals from the Ocean. After 25 Ma, however, the atmospheric circulation has been changed signifi cantly, leading to the formation of the East Asian winter monsoon and the aridifi cation in central Asia. The Tibetan Plateau may have reached a certain altitude which can influence the regional environment significantly. ConclusionsThe evolution history of the sub-basins(Xining basin, Lanzhou basin, Linxia Basin and LongxiJingning Basin) of Longzhong Basin have much similarities with each other, which may be affected by the northeast outgrowth of the Tibetan Plateau. The paleoclimate of the Longzhong Basin is related to both the global cooling and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Recommendations and perspectivesThe explanation of coexist of aeolian deposits(in the Longxi-jingning Basin) and fl uvio-lacustrine sediments(in the Xining and Lanzhou Basin) in the late Oligocene and early Miocene in the Longzhong Basin remained controversial. The paleoclimatic evolution in the Longzhong Basin during the key climate transition periods(e.g. Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition and Middle Miocene Climate optimum) needs further study. The Longzhong Basin should be treated as a whole when we try to deal with above questions.
Background aim and scope The well-developed long continuous Paleogene — Neogene fluvio-lacustrine strata(the Tertiary red beds) are exposed in the Longzhong Basin, Northwestern China. The abundant mammalian faunas and phytolite in the red beds provide valuable material for the stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. In recent decades, paleontological, sedimentological, magnetostratigraphical and palynological studies have been conducted in the Longzhong Basin(e.g., Xining Basin, Lanzhou Basin and Linxia Basin). The environmental evolution in the Longzhong Basin since Cenzoic is likely to be associated with the land-sea redistributions the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and/or the global cooling. Materials and methods In this study, we review the achievements mentioned above based on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic research published in recent decades and bring out questions to be solved in future studies. Results The Tertiary beds in the Xining Basin unconformably overlie the Cretaceous Minhe Group, and the initiation of Tertiary beds began at least 55 — 52 Ma ago. Between 52—17 Ma, the continuous deposits in this basin implied a relatively stable sedimentary environment. The Tertiary beds of the Lanzhou Basin unconformably overlie the Cretaceous Hekou Group with an basal age of over 58 Ma. Given the formation of the basin systems in and around the Tibetan Plateau at that time, we speculate that the initiation of Paleogene deposits in these two basins at 58 — 52 Ma may be linked to the Indian-Eurasian continental collision at 65 — 55 Ma. The low sedimentary rate before late Paleogene(32 — 29 Ma) implied a relatively weak tectonic activity in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau after the collision of Indian and Eurasian continent. However, the sedimentary rate increased from 32 — 29 Ma in both basins and a hiatus was observed in the Lanzhou Basin at the boundary of Yehucheng Formation and Xianshuihe Formation(~31 Ma) implying an active tectonic movement in the Longzhong Basin. The increased subsidence by 29 Ma at the latest in the Linxia Basin also provides evidence for the tectonic movements in the Longzhong Basin at that time. Furthermore, the sedimentary response of the Qaidam Basin to the uplift and denudation of the source area was observed around 30 Ma. The evidences support a widespread tectonic activity in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau between 32 — 29 Ma. Later, more tectonic movements were observed in the Longzhong Basin in the Late Oligocene(25 — 20 Ma) and Late Miocene(8 — 6 Ma). The Lithology and cyclostratigraphic analysis, pollen records, n-alkane biomarker proxy, and environmental magnetism indicate the cooling and aridification trend in the Xining Basin from 52 Ma to 25 Ma. Of particular importance is the permanent disappearance of gypsum layers after 34 Ma, which was attributed to the aridification resulting from the global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene Climatic Transition(EOT). The gypsum layers in the Xining Basin and Lanzhou Basin suggest a playa lake environment in the western Longzhong Basin under hot and dry background in the Eocene. The phytolith evidences in the Late Oligocene(~31 Ma) suggest that the climate in the Lanzhou Basin is warmer and more moist than that of today. The red clay has been deposited on the eastern Longzhong Basin since at least 25 — 22 Ma, which may implies the existence of an arid area in the central Asia and the formation of the East Asian winter monsoon. The magnetic susceptibility in the red clay recorded the influence of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum(17.5 — 13.5 Ma) on the eastern Longzhong Basin. The sedimentary records and mammalian fossils in the Linxia Basin show that further aridifi cation initiated at 8 — 6 Ma, which may be associated with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Discussion The evolution of the Longzhong Basin is linked to two stages of the Indian-Eurasian continental collision at ~60 Ma and ~30 Ma. The environmental evolution of the Longzhong Basin is consistent with global climate before 25 Ma, especially during the EOT. This suggests that the Longzhong Basin was dominated by the Westerlies, which came from the North Atlantic and brought climate signals from the Ocean. After 25 Ma, however, the atmospheric circulation has been changed signifi cantly, leading to the formation of the East Asian winter monsoon and the aridifi cation in central Asia. The Tibetan Plateau may have reached a certain altitude which can influence the regional environment significantly. ConclusionsThe evolution history of the sub-basins(Xining basin, Lanzhou basin, Linxia Basin and LongxiJingning Basin) of Longzhong Basin have much similarities with each other, which may be affected by the northeast outgrowth of the Tibetan Plateau. The paleoclimate of the Longzhong Basin is related to both the global cooling and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Recommendations and perspectivesThe explanation of coexist of aeolian deposits(in the Longxi-jingning Basin) and fl uvio-lacustrine sediments(in the Xining and Lanzhou Basin) in the late Oligocene and early Miocene in the Longzhong Basin remained controversial. The paleoclimatic evolution in the Longzhong Basin during the key climate transition periods(e.g. Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition and Middle Miocene Climate optimum) needs further study. The Longzhong Basin should be treated as a whole when we try to deal with above questions.
引文
常华进,曹广超,彭杨伟.2012.西宁盆地晚始新世石膏成因研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(11):48-53.[Chang H J,Cao G C,Peng Y W.2012.Petrogenesis of late Eocene gypsum in Xining Basin[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,26(11):48-53.]
邓涛.2002.甘肃临夏盆地发现已知最早的披毛犀化石[J].地质通报,21(10):604-608.[Deng T.2002.The earliest known wooly rhino discovered in the Linxia Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Regional Geology of China,21(10):604-608.]
邓涛.2004.临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群演替与青藏高原隆升背景[J].第四纪研究,24(4):413-420.[Deng T.2004.Evolution of the late Cenozoic Mammalian Faunas in the Linxia Basin and its background relevant to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,24(4):413-420.]
邓涛.2011.临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物的多样性变化及其对气候环境背景的响应[J].第四纪研究,31(4):577-588.[Deng T.2011.Diversity variations of the late Cenozoic mammals in the linxia basin and their response to the climatic and environmental backgrounds[J].Quaternary Sciences,31(4):577-588.]
邓焰平,洪汉烈,殷科,等.2010.兰州盆地永登剖面晚古新世-早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物的特征及其古气候指示意义[J].现代地质,24(4):793-800.[Deng YP,Hong H L,Yin K,et al.2010.Clay mineralogy and its palaeoclimatic indicator of the Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene sediments in Yongdeng,Lanzhou Basin[J].Geoscience,24(4):793-800.]
方小敏,李吉均,朱俊杰,等.1997.甘肃临夏盆地新生代地层绝对年代测定与划分[J].科学通报,42(14):1457-1471.[Fang X M,Li J J,Zhu J J,et al.1997.Absolute age determination and division of the Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Linxia Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,42(14):1457-1471.]
方小敏,宋春晖,高军平,等.2002.青藏高原东北边缘晚新生代哺乳动物化石的磁性地层学[J].科学通报,47(23):1824-1828.[Fang X M,Song C H,Gao J P,et al.2002.Magnetostrtigraphy of the Late Cenozoic mammalian fossils in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,47(23):1824-1828.]
方小敏,徐先海,宋春晖,等.2007.临夏盆地新生代沉积物高分辨率岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化过程及原因[J].第四纪研究,27(6):989-1000.[Fang XM,Xu X H,Song C H,et al.2007.High resolution rock magnetic records of Cenozoic sediments in the Linxia Basin and their implications on drying of Asian inland[J].Quaternary Sciences,27(6):989-1000.]
甘肃省地层表编写组.1980.西北地区区域地层表甘肃省分册[M].北京:地质出版社.[Compile Group of Strata Table of Gansu Province.1980.Strata table of Northwest regional-Gansu Provinece[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House.]
甘肃省地质局区域地质调查队.1984.甘肃的第三系[J].甘肃地质,2:1-40.[Regional Investigative Team of the Gansu Provincial Office of Geology.1984.The Tertiary system of Gansu Province[J].Gansu Geology,2:1-40.]
甘肃省地质矿产局.1989.甘肃省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.[Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province.1989.Regional geology of Gansu Province[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House.]
弓虎军,张云翔,黄雷.2006.甘肃临夏盆地新近纪红粘土粒度组成的古环境意义[J].沉积学报,23(2):260-267.[Gong H J,Zhang Y X,Huang L.2006.Paleoenvironment signifi cance of grain-size composition of Neogene red clay in Linxia Basin,Gansu Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(2):260-267.]
顾延生,李长安,黄长生,等.2000.兰州-民和盆地第三纪沉积特征及环境[J].中国区域地质,19(4):337-343.[Gu Y S,Li C A,Huang C S,et al.2000.Tertiary sedimentary features and environment of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin[J].Regional Geology of China,19(4):337-343.]
郭正堂,彭淑贞,郝青振,等.1999.晚第三纪中国西北干旱化的发展及其与北极冰盖形成演化和青藏高原隆升的关系[J].第四纪研究,6:556-567.[Guo Z T,Peng S Z,Hao Q Z et al.1999.Late Tertiary development of aridification in northwestern China:Link with the arctic ice-sheet formation and Tibetan uplifts[J].Quaternary Sciences,6:556-567.]
洪汉烈,薛惠娟,张克信,等.2007.临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物中坡缕石的发现及其环境气候意义[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,32(5):598-604.[Hong H L,Xue H J,Zhang K X,et al.2007.Occurrence of palygorskite in Late Oligocene in Linxia Basin and its geological and climatic indicator[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,32(5):598-604.]
李传夔,邱铸鼎.1980.青海西宁盆地早中新世哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,18(3):198-214.[Li CK,Qiu Z D.1980.Early Miocene mammalian fossils of Xining Basin,Qinghai[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,18(3):198-214.]
李传夔,邱铸鼎,王士阶.1981.青海西宁盆地中新世地层及哺乳动物群性质[J].古脊椎动物学报,19(4):313-320.[Li C K,Qiu Z D,Wang S J.1981.Discussion on Miocene stratigraphy and mammals from Xining Basin,Qinghai[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,19(4):313-320.]
李丰江,吴乃琴,裴云鹏.2005.黄土高原西部秦安新近纪风尘堆积的蜗牛化石证据[J].第四纪研究,25(4):510-515.[Li F J,Wu N Q,Pei Y P.2005.Terrestrial mollusk evidence for the origin of a Late Tertiary loesspaleosol sequence at Qin’an in the Western Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,25(4):510-515.]
李吉均,方小敏,朱俊杰.1994.临夏盆地新生代地层古地磁年代与模式序列[M]//青藏项目专家委员会.青藏高原形成演化,环境变迁与生态系统研究.北京:科学出版社.[Li J J,Fang X M,Zhu J J.1994.Magnetochonology and patten sequence of the Cenozoic strata in the Linxia Basin[M]//The Qinghai-Tibet Project Expert Committee.Formation and evolution of the Tibeten Plateau,environmental change and ecosystem research.Beijing:Science Press.]
李吉均,张军,宋春晖,等.2007.陇中盆地灞河期地层的发现及意义[J].中国科学:D辑,37(1):52-60.[Li J J,Zhang J,Song C H,et al.2007.Discovery of Bahe Period strata in the Longzhong Basin and its significance[J].Science in China:Series D,37(1):52-60.]
李乐意,常宏.2015.六盘山东西两侧红粘土沉积起源年代差异原因初探[J].地质论评,61(4):861-872.[Li L Y,Chang H.2015.Preliminary interpretation to diachroneity of the red clay in two fl anks of the Liupan Mountain[J].Geological Review,61(4):861-872.]
李麒麟.2000.兰州盆地早第三纪孢粉类化石的发现[J].中国区域地质,19(2):220-221.[Li Q L.2000.Discovery of Early Tertiary sporopollen fossils in the Lanzhou Basin[J].Regional Geology of China,19(2):220-221.]
李智超,李永项,张云翔,等.2016.早渐新世兰州盆地的巨犀及南坡坪动物群组合特征与环境意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,46,doi:10.1360/N072015-00459.[Li ZC,Li Y X,Zhang Y X,et al.2016.The Indricotheres and characteristics of Nanpoping faunal associations from Early Oligocene in Lanzhou Basin and their environmental signifi cance[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,46,doi:10.1360/N072015-00459.]
梁国军,洪汉烈,殷科,等.2012.青藏高原东北缘早渐新世-早中新世干旱化的粘土矿物学证据--以兰州盆地为例[J].岩石矿物学杂志,31(3):432-440.[Liang G J,Hong H L,Yin K,et al.2012.Clay mineralogical evidence of Early Oligocene-Early Miocene aridifi cation on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Acase study of Lanzhou Basin[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,31(3):432-440.]
梁美艳,郭正堂,顾兆炎.2006.中新世风尘堆积的地球化学特征及其与上新世和第四纪风尘堆积的比较[J].第四纪研究,26(4):657-664.[Liang M Y,Guo Z T,Gu Z Y.2006.Geochemical characteristics of the Miocene eolian deposits and comparison with the Pliocene and Quaternary eolian deposits[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(4):657-664.]
刘进峰,郭正堂,乔彦松,等.2005.秦安中新世黄土-古土壤序列石英颗粒形态特征,粒度分布及其对成因的指示意义[J].科学通报,50(24):2806-2809.[Liu J F,Guo Z T,Qiao Y S,et al.2005.The morphological characteristics and grain-size distribution of the quartz in the Mioncene loess-paleosole sequence in Qin’an and the significance for its origin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(24):2806-2809.]
鲁新川.2007.临夏盆地14-4.4 Ma湖相沉积物元素地球化学特征与气候变化[D].兰州:兰州大学.[Lu X C.2007.Elemental geochemical characters and palaeoclimatic changes of lacustrine sediments of 14-4.4 Ma in Linxia Basin[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.]
马玉贞.1992.青藏高原东北缘第三纪红层中发现丰富孢粉化石及其意义[J].科学通报,13(1):1245-1246.[Ma Y Z.1992.The discovery of abundant sporopollen in the Tertiary red beds in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its signifi cance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,13(1):1245-1246.]
马玉贞.1993.第三纪红层孢粉研究的新进展--以兰州盆地为例[J].地学探索,7:7-18.[Ma Y Z.1993.New advances of the sporopollen in the Tertiary red beds:Acase study of Lanzhou Basin[J].Geological Exploration,7:7-18.]
马玉贞,李吉均,方小敏.1998.临夏地区30.6-5.0 Ma红层孢粉植物群与气候演化记录[J].科学通报,43(3):301-304.[Ma Y Z,Li J J,Fang X M.1998.Palynofl ora in the red beds and records of climatic evolution in the Linxia region at 30.6-5.0 Ma[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,43(3):301-304.]
强小科,安芷生,宋友桂,等.2010.晚渐新世以来中国黄土高原风成红粘土序列的发现:亚洲内陆干旱化起源的新记录[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(11):1479-1488.[Qiang X K,An Z S,Song Y G,et al.2010.The discovery of Late Oligocene eolian red clay on Chinese Loess Plateau:New evidence for the onset of Asian desertifi cation[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,40(11):1479-1488.]
乔彦松,郭正堂,郝青振,等.2006.中新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度特征及其对成因的指示意义[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,36(7):646-653.[Qiao Y S,Guo Z T,Hao Q Z,et al.2006.The grain-size distribution characteristics of the quartz in the Mioncene loess-paleosole sequence in Qin’an and the significance for its origin[J].Science China:Series D Earth Sciences,36(7):646-653.]
邱占祥,谷祖纲.1988.甘肃兰州-第三纪中期哺乳动物化石地点[J].古脊椎动物学报,26(3):198-213.[Qiu Z X,Gu Z G.1988.A new locality yielding MidTertiary Mammals near Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,26(3):198-213.]
邱占祥,王伴月,邓涛.2004.甘肃临夏盆地牙沟的哺乳动物化石及有关地层问题[J].古脊椎动物学报,42(4):276-296.[Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Deng T.2004.Mammal fossils from Yagou,Linxia Basin,Gansu,and related stratigraphic problems[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,42(4):276-296.]
邱占祥,王伴月,邱铸鼎,等.1997.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组研究的新进展[M]//童永生.演化的实证--纪念杨钟健教授百年诞辰论文集.北京:海洋出版社:177-190.[Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Qiu Z D,et al.1997.Recent advances in study of the Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin[M]//Tong Y S.Evidence for evolution:Essays in honor of Prof.Chungchien Young on the hundredth anniversary of his birth.Beijing:China Ocean Press:177-192.]
邱占祥,王伴月,谢骏义.1998.记兰州盆地第三纪中期的爪兽(奇蹄目)化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,36(4):297-318.[Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Xie J Y.1998.MidTertiary Chalicothere(perissodactyla)fossils from Lanzhou,Gansu,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,36(4):297-318.]
邱占祥,谢骏义.1997.记兰州盆地巨獠犀(奇蹄目,犀科)一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,35(4):250-267.[Qiu Z X,Xie J Y.1997.A new species of Aprotodon(perissodactyla,Rhinocerotidae)from Lanzhou Basin,Gansu,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,35(4):250-267.]
邱铸鼎.1979.华北几个地点的上新世哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,17(3):222-235.[Qiu Z D.1979.Some mammalian fossils from the Pliocene of Inner Mongolia and Gansu(Kansu)[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,17(3):222-235.]
邱铸鼎.2000.甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的食虫类,跳鼠类和兔形类[J].古脊椎动物学报,38(4):287-302.[Qiu Z D.2000.Insectivore,dipodidae and lagomorphfrom the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,38(4):287-302.]
邱铸鼎.2001a.甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的仓鼠类[J].古脊椎动物学报,39(3):204-214.[Qiu Z D.2001a.Cricetid rodents from the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,39(3):204-214.]
邱铸鼎.2001b.甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的睡鼠类和沙鼠类[J].古脊椎动物学报,39(4):297-305.[Qiu Z D.2001b.Glirid and gerbille rodents from the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,39(4):297-305.]
宋春晖,白晋锋,赵彦德,等.2005.临夏盆地13-4.4 Ma湖相沉积物颜色记录的气候变化探讨[J].沉积学报,23(3):507-513.[Song C H,Bai J F,Zhao Y D,et al.2005.The color of Lacustrine sediments recorded climatic changes from 13 to 4.5 Ma in Linxia Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(3):507-513.]
宋春晖,鲁新川,邢强,等.2007.临夏盆地晚新生代沉积物元素特征与古气候变迁[J].沉积学报,25(3):409-416.[Song C H,Lu X C,Xing Q,et al.2007.Late Cenzoic element characters and palaeoclimatic change of the lacustrine sediments in Linxia Basin,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(3):409-416.]
孙柏年,阎德飞,解三平,等.2004.兰州盆地古近系杨属叶化石及古气候指示意义[J].科学通报,49(13):1283-1289.[Sun B N,Yan D F,Xie S P,et al.2004.Palaeogene fossil Populus leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic signifi cance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,49(13):1283-1289.]
脱世博,方小敏,宋春晖,等.2013.青藏高原东北部西宁盆地晚渐新世-早中新世沉积物岩石磁学特征及其古环境意义[J].第四纪研究,33(5):829-838.[Tuo S B,Fang X M,Song C H,et al.2013.Rock magnetic characteristics of the late Oligocene to early Miocene sediments in the xining basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,33(5):829-838.]
王伴月,邱占祥.2000a.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下段红色泥岩中的跳鼠化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,38(1):10-35.[Wang B Y,Qiu Z X.1999.Dipodidae(Rodentia,Mammalia)from the lower member of Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,38(1):10-35.]
王伴月,邱占祥.2000b.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩中的小哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,38(4):255-273.[Wang B Y,Qiu Z X.2000b.Micromammal fossils from red mudstone of lower member of Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,38(4):255-273.]
王建力,方小敏.2000.临夏盆地晚中新世以来的风沙沉积及环境意义[J].地理科学,20(3):259-263.[Wang J L,Fang X M.2000.Eolian sand deposition and its environmental significance in Linxia Basin since Middle Miocene[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,20(3):259-263.]
王九一,方小敏,张伟林,等.2010.临夏盆地黑林顶剖面磁性地层学及其意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,30(5):129-136.[Wang J Y,Fang X M,Zhang W L,et al.2010.Magnetostratigraphy and implications of the Heilinding section,the Linxia Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,30(5):129-136.]
武力超.2005.青海西宁盆地早中新世磁性地层学研究[D].西安:西北大学.[Wu L C.2005.The m a g n e t o s t r a t i g r a p h y s t u d y o n t h e E a r l y M i o c e n e sediments in Xining Basin,Qinghai Province[D].Xi’an:Northwest University.]
武力超,岳乐平,王建其,等.2006.新近系谢家阶层型剖面古地磁年代学研究[J].地层学杂志,30(1):50-53.[Wu L C,Yue L P,Wang J Q,et al.2006.Magnetostratigraphy of stratotype section of the Neogene Xiejian stage[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,30(1):50-53.]
肖国桥,周新郢,葛俊逸,等.2010.西宁盆地晚始新世石膏-红色泥岩旋回的古环境指示[J].第四纪研究,30(5):919-924.[Xiao G Q,Zhou X Y,Ge J Y,et al.2010.Sedimentary characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance of Late Eocene gypsum-mudstone cycles in the Xining Basin,North Eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,30(5):919-924.]
颉光普.1999.甘肃兰州盆地第三系咸水河组的双壳类[J].古生物学报,38(1):94-101.[Xie G P.1999.Tertiary Bivalves from the Xianshuihe Formation of Lanzhou Basin,Gansu[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,38(1):94-101.]
颉光普.2004.甘肃兰州盆地的第三纪地层及哺乳动物群[J].地层学杂志,28(1):67-80.[Xie G P.2004.The tertiary and local mammalian faunas in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,28(1):67-80.]
谢骏义.1991.甘肃晚第三纪地层及哺乳动物化石[J].地层学杂志,15(1):35-41.[Xie J Y.1991.The Late Tertiary strata and mammlian fossils of Gansu province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,15(1):35-41.]
徐丽,苗运法,方小敏,等.2009.青藏高原东北部西宁盆地中始新世-渐新世沉积物颜色与气候变化[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,45(1):12-19.[Xu L,Miao Y F,Fang X M,et al.2009.Middle Eocene-Oligocene climatic changes recorded by sedimentary colors in the Xining Basin,in northeastern Tibetan Plateau,NW China[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,45(1):12-19.]
徐先海,方小敏.2007.临夏盆地新生代沉积物岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(4):103-110.[Xu X H,Fang X M.2007.Rock magnetic record of Cennozoic lake sediments from the Linxia Basin and the aridification of Asian inland[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,27(4):103-110.]
徐先海,方小敏,付开道.2007.甘肃临夏盆地8-6 Ma BP的构造变化[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,42(6):1-5.[Xu X H,Fang X M,Fu K D.2007.Tectonic change during 8-6 Ma BP in Linxia Basin,Gansu province[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,42(6):1-5.]
徐先海,方小敏,宋春晖,等.2008.临夏盆地新生代沉积物粒度记录与亚洲内陆干旱化[J].湖泊科学,20(1):65-75.[Xu X H,Fang X M,Song C H.2008.Grain-size records of Cenozoic lacustrine sediments from Linxia Basin and the aridifi cation of Asian inland[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,20(1):65-75.]
闫晓丽,杨一博,方小敏,等.2012.临夏盆地晚中新世沉积物中赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量特征及其意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),48(1):55-61.[Yan X L,Yang YB,Fang X M,et al.2012.Characteristics and implications of hematite and goethite concentration in sediments of the Late Miocene,Linxia Basin[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,48(1):55-61.]
闫晓丽,张启波,方小敏,等.2010.临夏盆地黑林顶剖面沉积物在8.6 Ma前后岩石磁学特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,28(6):1190-1197.[Yan X L,Zhang Q B,Fang X M,et al.2010.Rockmagnetic characteristics of the sediments from Heilinding section in the Linxia Basin at 8.6 Ma and their implications[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(6):1190-1197.]
杨钟健,卞美年.1937.甘肃皋兰永登区新生代地质[J].中国地质学会志,13(3):199-201.[Yang Z J,Bian M N.1937.Cenozoic geology of Yongdeng,Gaolan,Gansu[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,13(3):199-201.]
姚妮妮,马福军,闫德飞.2010.甘肃兰州盆地渐新世古气候参数重建[J].甘肃地质,19(4):20-25.[Yao N N,Ma F J,Yan D F.2010.Reconstruction of palaeoclimatic parameters from the Oligocene in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province[J].Gansu Geology,19(4):20-25.]
姚妮妮,马福军,闫德飞.2011.共存分析法在兰州盆地渐新世哺乳动物化石研究中的应用[J].甘肃科学学报,23(1):72-78.[Yao N N,Ma F J,Yan D F.2011.Application of coexistence analysis to the Oligocene mammal fossils in Lanzhou Basin[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,23(1):72-78.]
岳乐平,Heller F,邱占祥,等.2000.兰州盆地第三系磁性地层年代与古环境记录[J].科学通报,45(18):1998-2002.[Yue L P,Heller F,Qiu Z X,et al.2000.Magnetostratigraphy and pavleo-environmental record of Tertiary deposits of Lanzhou Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,45(18):1998-2002.]
岳乐平,邱占祥,颉光普,等.2003.兰州盆地永登剖面记录的第三纪沉积环境[J].沉积学报,21(4):683-694.[Yue L P,Qiu Z X,Xie G P,et al.2003.Sedimentary environment of Tertiary recorded in the Yongdeng section of Lanzhou Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,21(4):683-694.]
翟人杰.1959.甘肃秦安中新世哺乳类的发现[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1(3):139-140.[Zhai R J.1959.Discovery of Miocene mammals in Qin’an,Gansu[J].Paleo Vertebrata et Paleo Anthropologia,1(3):139-140.]
翟人杰.1961.甘肃秦安晚第三纪哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,(3):262-268.[Zhai R J.1961.Late Tertiary mammals in Qin’an,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,(3):262-268.]
张军.2008.陇中盆地秦安-天水地区新近纪沉积物成因与环境变化[D].兰州:兰州大学.[Zhang J.2008.Formation cause of the Neogene sediments in Tianshui-Qin’an area in Longzhong Basin and the Paleoenvironmental change[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.]
张鹏.2015.兰州盆地中始新世至早中新世磁性地层与古环境演化[D].北京:中国科学院大学.[Zhang P.2015.Magnetostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Middle Eocene-Early Miocene deposits in the Lanzhou Basin,northwest China[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.]
张鹏,敖红,安芷生,等.2015.兰州盆地渐新世沉积物岩石磁学性质探究[J].地球物理学报,58(7):2445-2459.[Zhang P,Ao H,An Z S,et al.2015.Rock magnetism properties of Oligocene sediments in the Lanzhou Baisn[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics Chinese Edition,58(7):2445-2459.]
张行.1993.兰州盆地晚中新世保德期哺乳动物化石新发现[J].甘肃地质学报,2(1):1-5.[Zhang X.1993.New discovery of the Mammalian fossils in Baode period of Later Miocene Epoch in Lanzhou Basin[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2(1):1-5.]
张行.2001.甘肃临夏盆地中新世地层及哺乳动物化石[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,37(2):123-130.[Zhang X.2001.Miocene stratigraphy and mammals of Linxia,Gansu[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,37(2):123-130.]
赵辉,强小科,敖红,等.2012.黄土高原西部红粘土岩石磁学性质及其指示的亚洲内陆中中新世气候变化特征[J].第四纪研究,32(4):690-699.[Zhao H,Qiang X K,Ao H,et al.2012.Mid-Miocene climate in the Asian interior,based on the mineral-magnetic record of the red clay sequence on the Western Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,32(4):690-699.]
钟巍,李吉均,方小敏,等.1998a.青藏高原东北边缘临夏盆地近30 Ma BP以来古气候环境演变特征--沉积物地球化学元素记录[J].地理研究,17(3):258-264.[Zhong W,Li J J,Fang,X M,et al.1998a.Features of paleoclimatic changes since about 30 Ma BP in Linxia Basin geochemical records in Cenozoic sediment[J].Geographical Research,17(3):258-264.]
钟巍,李吉均,方小敏,等.1998b.运用因子分析法提取青藏高原东北边缘临夏盆地近30 Ma BP以来沉积物氧化物含量的古气候信息[J].新疆大学学报:自然科学版,15(4):74-81.[Zhong W,Li J J,Fang X M,et al.1998b.Features of paleoclimatic changes since about 30 Ma BP by means of the factor analysis methode to deal with oxides of Cenozoic sediment in Linxia Basin[J].Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Sciences,15(4):74-81.]
Abels H A,Dupont-Nivet G,Xiao G Q,et al.2011.Step-wise change of Asian interior climate preceding the EoceneOligocene Transition(EOT)[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,299(3/4):399-412.
Alonso-Zarza A M,Zhao Z,Song C H,et al.2009.Mudflat/distal fan and shallow lake sedimentation(upper Vallesian-Turolian)in the Tianshui Basin,Central China:Evidence against the late Miocene eolian loess[J].Sedimentary Geology,222(1):42-51.
An Z S,Kutzbach J E,Prell W L,et al.2001.Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the HimalayaTibetan plateau since Late Miocene times[J].Nature,411(6833):62-66.
A o H,Z h a n g P,D e k k e r s M J,e t a l.2 0 1 6.N e w magnetochronology of Late Miocene mammal fauna,NE Tibetan Plateau,China:Mammal migration and paleoenvironments[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,434:220-230.
Barrett P.2003.Palaeoclimatology:Cooling a continent[J].Nature,421(6920):221-223.
Bosboom R E,Abels H A,Hoorn C,et al.2014.Aridifi cation in continental Asia after the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum(Meco)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,389:34-42.
D a i S,F a n g X M,D u p o n t-N i v e t G,e t a l.2 0 0 6.Magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic sediments from the Xining Basin:Tectonic implications for the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,111(B11):B11102,doi:10.1029/2005JB004187.
Deng T.2006.Chinese Neogene mammal biochronology[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,44(2):143-163.
Dettman D L,Fang X M,Garzione C N,et al.2003.Upliftdriven climate change at 12 Ma:A longδ18O record from the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,214(1):267-277.
Ding Z L,Liu T S,Rutter N W,et al.1995.Ice-volume forcing of East Asian winter monsoon variations in the past800000 years[J].Quaternary Research,44(2):149-159.
Dupont-Nivet G,Horton B,Butler R F,et al.2004.Paleogene clockwise tectonic rotation of the Xining-Lanzhou region,northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,109,B04401,doi:10.1029/2003JB002620.
Dupont-Nivet G,Krijgsman W,Langereis C G,et al.2007.Tibetan Plateau aridification linked to global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene transition[J].Nature,445(7128):635-638.
Dupont-Nivet G,Hoorn C,Konert M.2008.Tibetan uplift prior to the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition:Evidence from pollen analysis of the Xining Basin[J].Geology,36(12):987-990.
Fan M J,Dettman D L,Song C H,et al.2007.Climatic variation in the Linxia Basin,NE Tibetan Plateau,from 13.1 to4.3 Ma:The stable isotope record[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,247(3):313-328.
Fang X M,Garzione C,Van der Voo R,et al.2003.Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,210(3):545-560.
Fang X M,Zan J B,Appel E,et al.2015.An Eocene-Miocene continuous rock magnetic record from the sediments in the Xining Basin,NW China:Indication for Cenozoic persistent drying driven by global cooling and Tibetan Plateau uplift[J].Geophysical Journal International,201(1):78-89.
F l y n n L J,D o w n s W,O p d y k e N,e t a l.1 9 9 9.R e c e n t advances in the small mammal biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of Lanzhou Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,44(S1):105-118.
Garzione C N,Ikari M J,Basu A R.2005.Source of Oligocene to Pliocene sedimentary rocks in the Linxia Basin in northeastern Tibet from Nd isotopes:Implications for tectonic forcing of climate[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(9/10):1156-1166.
Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Schmitz M D,et al.2012.The geologic time scale 2012 2-volume set[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Guo Z T,Ruddiman W F,Hao Q Z,et al.2002.Onset of Asian desertifi cation by 22 Ma ago inferred from loess deposits in China[J].Nature,416(6877):159-163.
Hong H L,Li Z H,Xue H J,et al.2007.Oligocene clay mineralogy of the Linxia Basin:Evidence of paleoclimatic evolution subsequent to the initial-stage uplift of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Clays and Clay Minerals,55(5):491-503.
Horton B K,Yin A,Spurlin M S,et al.2002.Paleocene-Eocene syncontractional sedimentation in narrow,lacustrinedominated basins of east-central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,114(7):771-786.
Horton B K,Dupont‐Nivet G,Zhou J,et al.2004.Mesozoic‐Cenozoic evolution of the Xining-Minhe and Dangchang Basins,northeastern Tibetan Plateau:Magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic results[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,109(B4):657-681.
Li C K,Qiu Z D,Downs W.1980.Early Miocene mammalian fossils of the Xining Basin,Qinghai Province[J].Vertebrata PalAsiatica,18(3):198-209.
Liu Z F,Zhao X X,Wang C S,et al.2003.Magnetostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from the Hoh Xil Basin:Implications for the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophysical Journal International,154(2):233-252.
Long L Q,Fang X M,Miao Y F,et al.2011.Northern Tibetan Plateau cooling and aridification linked to Cenozoic global cooling:Evidence from n-alkane distributions of Paleogene sedimentary sequences in the Xining Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,56(15):1569-1578.
Métivier F.1996.Volumes sédimentaires et bilans de masses en Asie pendant le Cénozo?que[D].Paris:University of Paris.
Miao Y F,Wu F L,Herrmann M,et al.2013.Late early Oligocene East Asian summer monsoon in the NE Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from a palynological record from the Lanzhou Basin,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,75:46-57.
Mock C,Arnaud N O,Cantagrel J M.1999.An early unroofi ng in northeastern Tibet?Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on granitoids from the eastern Kunlun Range(Qianghai,NW China)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,171(1):107-122.
Opdyke N D,Flynn L J,Lindsay E H,et al.1998.The magnetic stratigraphy of the Yehucheng and Xianshuihe Formations of Oligocene-Miocene age near Lanzhou city,China[C]//INQUA.Paleontology Lanzhou Working Meeting.July27-30,1998,Lanzhou.
Qiang X K,An Z S,Song Y G,et al.2011.New eolian red clay sequence on the western Chinese Loess Plateau linked to onset of Asian desertifi cation about 25 Ma ago[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(1):136-144.
Q i u Z X.1 9 8 9.T h e C h i n e s e N e o g e n e m a m m a l i a n biochronology-its correlation with the European Neogene mammalian zonation[M]//Lindsay E H,Fahlbusch V,Mein P.European Neogene mammal chronology.New York:Springer:527-556.
Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Qiu Z D,et al.2001.Land mammal geochronology and magnetostratigraphy of mid-Tertiary deposits in the Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,94(3):373-385.
Qiu Z X,Qiu Z D,Deng T,et al.2013.Neogene Land Mammal Stages/Ages of China[M]//Wang X M,Flynn L J,Fortelius M.Fossil mammals of Asia:Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology.New York:Columbia University Press:29-90.
Ramstein G,Fluteau F,Besse J,et al.1997.Effect of orogeny,plate motion and land-sea distribution on Eurasian climate change over the past 30 million years[J].Nature,386(6627):788-795.
Ruddiman W F,Kutzbach J E.1989.Forcing of late Cenozoic Northern Hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in southern Asia and the American west[J].Journal of Geophysical R e s e a rc h:A t m o s p h e re s(1 9 8 4-2 0 1 2),9 4(D 1 5):18409-18427.
Spurlin M S,Yin A,Horton B K,et al.2005.Structural e v o l u t i o n o f t h e Yu s h u-N a n g q i a n r e g i o n a n d i t s relationship to syncollisional igneous activity,eastcentral Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(9/10):1293-1317.
Song B W,Zhang K X,Chen R M,et al.2013.The sedimentary record in northern Qaidam Basin and its response to the uplift of the south Qilian Mountain at around 30 Ma[J].Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,87(2):528-539.
Sun Z M,Yang Z Y,Pei J L,et al.2005.Magnetostratigraphy of paleogene sediments from northern Qaidam Basin,China:Implications for tectonic uplift and block rotation in northern Tibetan plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,237(3):635-646.
Sun D H,Zhang Y B,Han F,et al.2011.Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental records for a Late Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from Lanzhou,northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Global and Planetary Change,76(3/4):106-116.
Wang C S,Liu Z F,Yi H S,et al.2002.Tertiary crustal shortening and peneplanation in the Hoh Xil region:Implications for the tectonic history of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,20(3):211-223.
Wang C S,Dai J G,Zhao X X,et al.2014.Outward-growth of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic:A review[J].Tectonophysics,621:1-43.
Wang Y L,Fang X M,Zhang T W,et al.2010.Predominance of even carbon-numbered n-alkanes from lacustrine s e d i m e n t s i n L i n x i a B a s i n,N E Ti b e t a n P l a t e a u:Implications for climate change[J].Applied Geochemistry,25(10):1478-1486.
Xiao G Q,Abels H A,Yao Z Q,et al.2010.Asian aridifi cation linked to the first step of the Eocene-Oligocene climate Transition(EOT)in obliquity-dominated terrestrial records(Xining Basin,China)[J].Climate of the Past,6:501-513.
Xiao G Q,Guo Z T,Dupont-Nivet G,et al.2012.Evidence for northeastern Tibetan Plateau uplift between 25 and20 Ma in the sedimentary archive of the Xining Basin,northwestern China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,317/318:185-195.
Yin A,Rumelhart P,Butler R,et al.2002.Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,114(10):1257-1295.
Yin A,Dang Y Q,Zhang M,et al.2008.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(Part 3):Structural geology,sedimentation,and regional tectonic reconstruction[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,120(7/8):847-876.
Yue L P,Heller F,Qiu Z X,et al.2001.Magnetostratigraphy and pavleo-environmental record of Tertiary deposits of Lanzhou Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,46(1):770-773.
Zachos J C,Pagani M,Sloan L,et al.2001.Trends,rhythms,and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present[J].Science,292(5517):686-693.
Zachos J C,Dickens G R,Zeebe R E.2008.An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics[J].Nature,451(7176):279-283.
Zhang C X,Guo Z T.2014.Clay mineral changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the sedimentary sequence at Xining occurred prior to global cooling[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,411:18-29.
Zhang Y B,Sun D H,Li Z J,et al.2014.Cenozoic record of aeolian sediment accumulation and aridifi cation from Lanzhou,China,driven by Tibetan Plateau uplift and global climate[J].Global and Planetary Change,120:1-15.
Zhang Z S,Wang H J,Guo Z T,et al.2007.What triggers the transition of palaeoenvironmental patterns in China,the Tibetan Plateau uplift or the Paratethys Sea retreat?[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,245(3):317-331.
邓涛.2002.甘肃临夏盆地发现已知最早的披毛犀化石[J].地质通报,21(10):604-608.[Deng T.2002.The earliest known wooly rhino discovered in the Linxia Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Regional Geology of China,21(10):604-608.]
邓涛.2004.临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物群演替与青藏高原隆升背景[J].第四纪研究,24(4):413-420.[Deng T.2004.Evolution of the late Cenozoic Mammalian Faunas in the Linxia Basin and its background relevant to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,24(4):413-420.]
邓涛.2011.临夏盆地晚新生代哺乳动物的多样性变化及其对气候环境背景的响应[J].第四纪研究,31(4):577-588.[Deng T.2011.Diversity variations of the late Cenozoic mammals in the linxia basin and their response to the climatic and environmental backgrounds[J].Quaternary Sciences,31(4):577-588.]
邓焰平,洪汉烈,殷科,等.2010.兰州盆地永登剖面晚古新世-早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物的特征及其古气候指示意义[J].现代地质,24(4):793-800.[Deng YP,Hong H L,Yin K,et al.2010.Clay mineralogy and its palaeoclimatic indicator of the Late Paleocene to Early Oligocene sediments in Yongdeng,Lanzhou Basin[J].Geoscience,24(4):793-800.]
方小敏,李吉均,朱俊杰,等.1997.甘肃临夏盆地新生代地层绝对年代测定与划分[J].科学通报,42(14):1457-1471.[Fang X M,Li J J,Zhu J J,et al.1997.Absolute age determination and division of the Cenozoic stratigraphy in the Linxia Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,42(14):1457-1471.]
方小敏,宋春晖,高军平,等.2002.青藏高原东北边缘晚新生代哺乳动物化石的磁性地层学[J].科学通报,47(23):1824-1828.[Fang X M,Song C H,Gao J P,et al.2002.Magnetostrtigraphy of the Late Cenozoic mammalian fossils in the northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,47(23):1824-1828.]
方小敏,徐先海,宋春晖,等.2007.临夏盆地新生代沉积物高分辨率岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化过程及原因[J].第四纪研究,27(6):989-1000.[Fang XM,Xu X H,Song C H,et al.2007.High resolution rock magnetic records of Cenozoic sediments in the Linxia Basin and their implications on drying of Asian inland[J].Quaternary Sciences,27(6):989-1000.]
甘肃省地层表编写组.1980.西北地区区域地层表甘肃省分册[M].北京:地质出版社.[Compile Group of Strata Table of Gansu Province.1980.Strata table of Northwest regional-Gansu Provinece[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House.]
甘肃省地质局区域地质调查队.1984.甘肃的第三系[J].甘肃地质,2:1-40.[Regional Investigative Team of the Gansu Provincial Office of Geology.1984.The Tertiary system of Gansu Province[J].Gansu Geology,2:1-40.]
甘肃省地质矿产局.1989.甘肃省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.[Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Gansu Province.1989.Regional geology of Gansu Province[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House.]
弓虎军,张云翔,黄雷.2006.甘肃临夏盆地新近纪红粘土粒度组成的古环境意义[J].沉积学报,23(2):260-267.[Gong H J,Zhang Y X,Huang L.2006.Paleoenvironment signifi cance of grain-size composition of Neogene red clay in Linxia Basin,Gansu Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(2):260-267.]
顾延生,李长安,黄长生,等.2000.兰州-民和盆地第三纪沉积特征及环境[J].中国区域地质,19(4):337-343.[Gu Y S,Li C A,Huang C S,et al.2000.Tertiary sedimentary features and environment of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin[J].Regional Geology of China,19(4):337-343.]
郭正堂,彭淑贞,郝青振,等.1999.晚第三纪中国西北干旱化的发展及其与北极冰盖形成演化和青藏高原隆升的关系[J].第四纪研究,6:556-567.[Guo Z T,Peng S Z,Hao Q Z et al.1999.Late Tertiary development of aridification in northwestern China:Link with the arctic ice-sheet formation and Tibetan uplifts[J].Quaternary Sciences,6:556-567.]
洪汉烈,薛惠娟,张克信,等.2007.临夏盆地晚渐新世沉积物中坡缕石的发现及其环境气候意义[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,32(5):598-604.[Hong H L,Xue H J,Zhang K X,et al.2007.Occurrence of palygorskite in Late Oligocene in Linxia Basin and its geological and climatic indicator[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,32(5):598-604.]
李传夔,邱铸鼎.1980.青海西宁盆地早中新世哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,18(3):198-214.[Li CK,Qiu Z D.1980.Early Miocene mammalian fossils of Xining Basin,Qinghai[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,18(3):198-214.]
李传夔,邱铸鼎,王士阶.1981.青海西宁盆地中新世地层及哺乳动物群性质[J].古脊椎动物学报,19(4):313-320.[Li C K,Qiu Z D,Wang S J.1981.Discussion on Miocene stratigraphy and mammals from Xining Basin,Qinghai[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,19(4):313-320.]
李丰江,吴乃琴,裴云鹏.2005.黄土高原西部秦安新近纪风尘堆积的蜗牛化石证据[J].第四纪研究,25(4):510-515.[Li F J,Wu N Q,Pei Y P.2005.Terrestrial mollusk evidence for the origin of a Late Tertiary loesspaleosol sequence at Qin’an in the Western Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,25(4):510-515.]
李吉均,方小敏,朱俊杰.1994.临夏盆地新生代地层古地磁年代与模式序列[M]//青藏项目专家委员会.青藏高原形成演化,环境变迁与生态系统研究.北京:科学出版社.[Li J J,Fang X M,Zhu J J.1994.Magnetochonology and patten sequence of the Cenozoic strata in the Linxia Basin[M]//The Qinghai-Tibet Project Expert Committee.Formation and evolution of the Tibeten Plateau,environmental change and ecosystem research.Beijing:Science Press.]
李吉均,张军,宋春晖,等.2007.陇中盆地灞河期地层的发现及意义[J].中国科学:D辑,37(1):52-60.[Li J J,Zhang J,Song C H,et al.2007.Discovery of Bahe Period strata in the Longzhong Basin and its significance[J].Science in China:Series D,37(1):52-60.]
李乐意,常宏.2015.六盘山东西两侧红粘土沉积起源年代差异原因初探[J].地质论评,61(4):861-872.[Li L Y,Chang H.2015.Preliminary interpretation to diachroneity of the red clay in two fl anks of the Liupan Mountain[J].Geological Review,61(4):861-872.]
李麒麟.2000.兰州盆地早第三纪孢粉类化石的发现[J].中国区域地质,19(2):220-221.[Li Q L.2000.Discovery of Early Tertiary sporopollen fossils in the Lanzhou Basin[J].Regional Geology of China,19(2):220-221.]
李智超,李永项,张云翔,等.2016.早渐新世兰州盆地的巨犀及南坡坪动物群组合特征与环境意义[J].中国科学:地球科学,46,doi:10.1360/N072015-00459.[Li ZC,Li Y X,Zhang Y X,et al.2016.The Indricotheres and characteristics of Nanpoping faunal associations from Early Oligocene in Lanzhou Basin and their environmental signifi cance[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,46,doi:10.1360/N072015-00459.]
梁国军,洪汉烈,殷科,等.2012.青藏高原东北缘早渐新世-早中新世干旱化的粘土矿物学证据--以兰州盆地为例[J].岩石矿物学杂志,31(3):432-440.[Liang G J,Hong H L,Yin K,et al.2012.Clay mineralogical evidence of Early Oligocene-Early Miocene aridifi cation on the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Acase study of Lanzhou Basin[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,31(3):432-440.]
梁美艳,郭正堂,顾兆炎.2006.中新世风尘堆积的地球化学特征及其与上新世和第四纪风尘堆积的比较[J].第四纪研究,26(4):657-664.[Liang M Y,Guo Z T,Gu Z Y.2006.Geochemical characteristics of the Miocene eolian deposits and comparison with the Pliocene and Quaternary eolian deposits[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(4):657-664.]
刘进峰,郭正堂,乔彦松,等.2005.秦安中新世黄土-古土壤序列石英颗粒形态特征,粒度分布及其对成因的指示意义[J].科学通报,50(24):2806-2809.[Liu J F,Guo Z T,Qiao Y S,et al.2005.The morphological characteristics and grain-size distribution of the quartz in the Mioncene loess-paleosole sequence in Qin’an and the significance for its origin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(24):2806-2809.]
鲁新川.2007.临夏盆地14-4.4 Ma湖相沉积物元素地球化学特征与气候变化[D].兰州:兰州大学.[Lu X C.2007.Elemental geochemical characters and palaeoclimatic changes of lacustrine sediments of 14-4.4 Ma in Linxia Basin[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.]
马玉贞.1992.青藏高原东北缘第三纪红层中发现丰富孢粉化石及其意义[J].科学通报,13(1):1245-1246.[Ma Y Z.1992.The discovery of abundant sporopollen in the Tertiary red beds in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its signifi cance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,13(1):1245-1246.]
马玉贞.1993.第三纪红层孢粉研究的新进展--以兰州盆地为例[J].地学探索,7:7-18.[Ma Y Z.1993.New advances of the sporopollen in the Tertiary red beds:Acase study of Lanzhou Basin[J].Geological Exploration,7:7-18.]
马玉贞,李吉均,方小敏.1998.临夏地区30.6-5.0 Ma红层孢粉植物群与气候演化记录[J].科学通报,43(3):301-304.[Ma Y Z,Li J J,Fang X M.1998.Palynofl ora in the red beds and records of climatic evolution in the Linxia region at 30.6-5.0 Ma[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,43(3):301-304.]
强小科,安芷生,宋友桂,等.2010.晚渐新世以来中国黄土高原风成红粘土序列的发现:亚洲内陆干旱化起源的新记录[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(11):1479-1488.[Qiang X K,An Z S,Song Y G,et al.2010.The discovery of Late Oligocene eolian red clay on Chinese Loess Plateau:New evidence for the onset of Asian desertifi cation[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,40(11):1479-1488.]
乔彦松,郭正堂,郝青振,等.2006.中新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度特征及其对成因的指示意义[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,36(7):646-653.[Qiao Y S,Guo Z T,Hao Q Z,et al.2006.The grain-size distribution characteristics of the quartz in the Mioncene loess-paleosole sequence in Qin’an and the significance for its origin[J].Science China:Series D Earth Sciences,36(7):646-653.]
邱占祥,谷祖纲.1988.甘肃兰州-第三纪中期哺乳动物化石地点[J].古脊椎动物学报,26(3):198-213.[Qiu Z X,Gu Z G.1988.A new locality yielding MidTertiary Mammals near Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,26(3):198-213.]
邱占祥,王伴月,邓涛.2004.甘肃临夏盆地牙沟的哺乳动物化石及有关地层问题[J].古脊椎动物学报,42(4):276-296.[Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Deng T.2004.Mammal fossils from Yagou,Linxia Basin,Gansu,and related stratigraphic problems[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,42(4):276-296.]
邱占祥,王伴月,邱铸鼎,等.1997.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组研究的新进展[M]//童永生.演化的实证--纪念杨钟健教授百年诞辰论文集.北京:海洋出版社:177-190.[Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Qiu Z D,et al.1997.Recent advances in study of the Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin[M]//Tong Y S.Evidence for evolution:Essays in honor of Prof.Chungchien Young on the hundredth anniversary of his birth.Beijing:China Ocean Press:177-192.]
邱占祥,王伴月,谢骏义.1998.记兰州盆地第三纪中期的爪兽(奇蹄目)化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,36(4):297-318.[Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Xie J Y.1998.MidTertiary Chalicothere(perissodactyla)fossils from Lanzhou,Gansu,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,36(4):297-318.]
邱占祥,谢骏义.1997.记兰州盆地巨獠犀(奇蹄目,犀科)一新种[J].古脊椎动物学报,35(4):250-267.[Qiu Z X,Xie J Y.1997.A new species of Aprotodon(perissodactyla,Rhinocerotidae)from Lanzhou Basin,Gansu,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,35(4):250-267.]
邱铸鼎.1979.华北几个地点的上新世哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,17(3):222-235.[Qiu Z D.1979.Some mammalian fossils from the Pliocene of Inner Mongolia and Gansu(Kansu)[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,17(3):222-235.]
邱铸鼎.2000.甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的食虫类,跳鼠类和兔形类[J].古脊椎动物学报,38(4):287-302.[Qiu Z D.2000.Insectivore,dipodidae and lagomorphfrom the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,38(4):287-302.]
邱铸鼎.2001a.甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的仓鼠类[J].古脊椎动物学报,39(3):204-214.[Qiu Z D.2001a.Cricetid rodents from the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,39(3):204-214.]
邱铸鼎.2001b.甘肃兰州盆地中中新世泉头沟动物群的睡鼠类和沙鼠类[J].古脊椎动物学报,39(4):297-305.[Qiu Z D.2001b.Glirid and gerbille rodents from the Middle Miocene Quantougou fauna of Lanzhou,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,39(4):297-305.]
宋春晖,白晋锋,赵彦德,等.2005.临夏盆地13-4.4 Ma湖相沉积物颜色记录的气候变化探讨[J].沉积学报,23(3):507-513.[Song C H,Bai J F,Zhao Y D,et al.2005.The color of Lacustrine sediments recorded climatic changes from 13 to 4.5 Ma in Linxia Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(3):507-513.]
宋春晖,鲁新川,邢强,等.2007.临夏盆地晚新生代沉积物元素特征与古气候变迁[J].沉积学报,25(3):409-416.[Song C H,Lu X C,Xing Q,et al.2007.Late Cenzoic element characters and palaeoclimatic change of the lacustrine sediments in Linxia Basin,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(3):409-416.]
孙柏年,阎德飞,解三平,等.2004.兰州盆地古近系杨属叶化石及古气候指示意义[J].科学通报,49(13):1283-1289.[Sun B N,Yan D F,Xie S P,et al.2004.Palaeogene fossil Populus leaves from Lanzhou Basin and their palaeoclimatic signifi cance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,49(13):1283-1289.]
脱世博,方小敏,宋春晖,等.2013.青藏高原东北部西宁盆地晚渐新世-早中新世沉积物岩石磁学特征及其古环境意义[J].第四纪研究,33(5):829-838.[Tuo S B,Fang X M,Song C H,et al.2013.Rock magnetic characteristics of the late Oligocene to early Miocene sediments in the xining basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,33(5):829-838.]
王伴月,邱占祥.2000a.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下段红色泥岩中的跳鼠化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,38(1):10-35.[Wang B Y,Qiu Z X.1999.Dipodidae(Rodentia,Mammalia)from the lower member of Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,38(1):10-35.]
王伴月,邱占祥.2000b.甘肃兰州盆地咸水河组下红泥岩中的小哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,38(4):255-273.[Wang B Y,Qiu Z X.2000b.Micromammal fossils from red mudstone of lower member of Xianshuihe Formation in Lanzhou Basin,China[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,38(4):255-273.]
王建力,方小敏.2000.临夏盆地晚中新世以来的风沙沉积及环境意义[J].地理科学,20(3):259-263.[Wang J L,Fang X M.2000.Eolian sand deposition and its environmental significance in Linxia Basin since Middle Miocene[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,20(3):259-263.]
王九一,方小敏,张伟林,等.2010.临夏盆地黑林顶剖面磁性地层学及其意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,30(5):129-136.[Wang J Y,Fang X M,Zhang W L,et al.2010.Magnetostratigraphy and implications of the Heilinding section,the Linxia Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,30(5):129-136.]
武力超.2005.青海西宁盆地早中新世磁性地层学研究[D].西安:西北大学.[Wu L C.2005.The m a g n e t o s t r a t i g r a p h y s t u d y o n t h e E a r l y M i o c e n e sediments in Xining Basin,Qinghai Province[D].Xi’an:Northwest University.]
武力超,岳乐平,王建其,等.2006.新近系谢家阶层型剖面古地磁年代学研究[J].地层学杂志,30(1):50-53.[Wu L C,Yue L P,Wang J Q,et al.2006.Magnetostratigraphy of stratotype section of the Neogene Xiejian stage[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,30(1):50-53.]
肖国桥,周新郢,葛俊逸,等.2010.西宁盆地晚始新世石膏-红色泥岩旋回的古环境指示[J].第四纪研究,30(5):919-924.[Xiao G Q,Zhou X Y,Ge J Y,et al.2010.Sedimentary characteristics and paleoenvironmental significance of Late Eocene gypsum-mudstone cycles in the Xining Basin,North Eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,30(5):919-924.]
颉光普.1999.甘肃兰州盆地第三系咸水河组的双壳类[J].古生物学报,38(1):94-101.[Xie G P.1999.Tertiary Bivalves from the Xianshuihe Formation of Lanzhou Basin,Gansu[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,38(1):94-101.]
颉光普.2004.甘肃兰州盆地的第三纪地层及哺乳动物群[J].地层学杂志,28(1):67-80.[Xie G P.2004.The tertiary and local mammalian faunas in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,28(1):67-80.]
谢骏义.1991.甘肃晚第三纪地层及哺乳动物化石[J].地层学杂志,15(1):35-41.[Xie J Y.1991.The Late Tertiary strata and mammlian fossils of Gansu province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,15(1):35-41.]
徐丽,苗运法,方小敏,等.2009.青藏高原东北部西宁盆地中始新世-渐新世沉积物颜色与气候变化[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,45(1):12-19.[Xu L,Miao Y F,Fang X M,et al.2009.Middle Eocene-Oligocene climatic changes recorded by sedimentary colors in the Xining Basin,in northeastern Tibetan Plateau,NW China[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,45(1):12-19.]
徐先海,方小敏.2007.临夏盆地新生代沉积物岩石磁学记录与亚洲内陆干旱化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(4):103-110.[Xu X H,Fang X M.2007.Rock magnetic record of Cennozoic lake sediments from the Linxia Basin and the aridification of Asian inland[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,27(4):103-110.]
徐先海,方小敏,付开道.2007.甘肃临夏盆地8-6 Ma BP的构造变化[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,42(6):1-5.[Xu X H,Fang X M,Fu K D.2007.Tectonic change during 8-6 Ma BP in Linxia Basin,Gansu province[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,42(6):1-5.]
徐先海,方小敏,宋春晖,等.2008.临夏盆地新生代沉积物粒度记录与亚洲内陆干旱化[J].湖泊科学,20(1):65-75.[Xu X H,Fang X M,Song C H.2008.Grain-size records of Cenozoic lacustrine sediments from Linxia Basin and the aridifi cation of Asian inland[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,20(1):65-75.]
闫晓丽,杨一博,方小敏,等.2012.临夏盆地晚中新世沉积物中赤铁矿和针铁矿的含量特征及其意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),48(1):55-61.[Yan X L,Yang YB,Fang X M,et al.2012.Characteristics and implications of hematite and goethite concentration in sediments of the Late Miocene,Linxia Basin[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,48(1):55-61.]
闫晓丽,张启波,方小敏,等.2010.临夏盆地黑林顶剖面沉积物在8.6 Ma前后岩石磁学特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,28(6):1190-1197.[Yan X L,Zhang Q B,Fang X M,et al.2010.Rockmagnetic characteristics of the sediments from Heilinding section in the Linxia Basin at 8.6 Ma and their implications[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(6):1190-1197.]
杨钟健,卞美年.1937.甘肃皋兰永登区新生代地质[J].中国地质学会志,13(3):199-201.[Yang Z J,Bian M N.1937.Cenozoic geology of Yongdeng,Gaolan,Gansu[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,13(3):199-201.]
姚妮妮,马福军,闫德飞.2010.甘肃兰州盆地渐新世古气候参数重建[J].甘肃地质,19(4):20-25.[Yao N N,Ma F J,Yan D F.2010.Reconstruction of palaeoclimatic parameters from the Oligocene in Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province[J].Gansu Geology,19(4):20-25.]
姚妮妮,马福军,闫德飞.2011.共存分析法在兰州盆地渐新世哺乳动物化石研究中的应用[J].甘肃科学学报,23(1):72-78.[Yao N N,Ma F J,Yan D F.2011.Application of coexistence analysis to the Oligocene mammal fossils in Lanzhou Basin[J].Journal of Gansu Sciences,23(1):72-78.]
岳乐平,Heller F,邱占祥,等.2000.兰州盆地第三系磁性地层年代与古环境记录[J].科学通报,45(18):1998-2002.[Yue L P,Heller F,Qiu Z X,et al.2000.Magnetostratigraphy and pavleo-environmental record of Tertiary deposits of Lanzhou Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,45(18):1998-2002.]
岳乐平,邱占祥,颉光普,等.2003.兰州盆地永登剖面记录的第三纪沉积环境[J].沉积学报,21(4):683-694.[Yue L P,Qiu Z X,Xie G P,et al.2003.Sedimentary environment of Tertiary recorded in the Yongdeng section of Lanzhou Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,21(4):683-694.]
翟人杰.1959.甘肃秦安中新世哺乳类的发现[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1(3):139-140.[Zhai R J.1959.Discovery of Miocene mammals in Qin’an,Gansu[J].Paleo Vertebrata et Paleo Anthropologia,1(3):139-140.]
翟人杰.1961.甘肃秦安晚第三纪哺乳动物化石[J].古脊椎动物学报,(3):262-268.[Zhai R J.1961.Late Tertiary mammals in Qin’an,Gansu[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,(3):262-268.]
张军.2008.陇中盆地秦安-天水地区新近纪沉积物成因与环境变化[D].兰州:兰州大学.[Zhang J.2008.Formation cause of the Neogene sediments in Tianshui-Qin’an area in Longzhong Basin and the Paleoenvironmental change[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University.]
张鹏.2015.兰州盆地中始新世至早中新世磁性地层与古环境演化[D].北京:中国科学院大学.[Zhang P.2015.Magnetostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Middle Eocene-Early Miocene deposits in the Lanzhou Basin,northwest China[D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.]
张鹏,敖红,安芷生,等.2015.兰州盆地渐新世沉积物岩石磁学性质探究[J].地球物理学报,58(7):2445-2459.[Zhang P,Ao H,An Z S,et al.2015.Rock magnetism properties of Oligocene sediments in the Lanzhou Baisn[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics Chinese Edition,58(7):2445-2459.]
张行.1993.兰州盆地晚中新世保德期哺乳动物化石新发现[J].甘肃地质学报,2(1):1-5.[Zhang X.1993.New discovery of the Mammalian fossils in Baode period of Later Miocene Epoch in Lanzhou Basin[J].Acta Geologica Gansu,2(1):1-5.]
张行.2001.甘肃临夏盆地中新世地层及哺乳动物化石[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,37(2):123-130.[Zhang X.2001.Miocene stratigraphy and mammals of Linxia,Gansu[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,37(2):123-130.]
赵辉,强小科,敖红,等.2012.黄土高原西部红粘土岩石磁学性质及其指示的亚洲内陆中中新世气候变化特征[J].第四纪研究,32(4):690-699.[Zhao H,Qiang X K,Ao H,et al.2012.Mid-Miocene climate in the Asian interior,based on the mineral-magnetic record of the red clay sequence on the Western Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,32(4):690-699.]
钟巍,李吉均,方小敏,等.1998a.青藏高原东北边缘临夏盆地近30 Ma BP以来古气候环境演变特征--沉积物地球化学元素记录[J].地理研究,17(3):258-264.[Zhong W,Li J J,Fang,X M,et al.1998a.Features of paleoclimatic changes since about 30 Ma BP in Linxia Basin geochemical records in Cenozoic sediment[J].Geographical Research,17(3):258-264.]
钟巍,李吉均,方小敏,等.1998b.运用因子分析法提取青藏高原东北边缘临夏盆地近30 Ma BP以来沉积物氧化物含量的古气候信息[J].新疆大学学报:自然科学版,15(4):74-81.[Zhong W,Li J J,Fang X M,et al.1998b.Features of paleoclimatic changes since about 30 Ma BP by means of the factor analysis methode to deal with oxides of Cenozoic sediment in Linxia Basin[J].Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Sciences,15(4):74-81.]
Abels H A,Dupont-Nivet G,Xiao G Q,et al.2011.Step-wise change of Asian interior climate preceding the EoceneOligocene Transition(EOT)[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,299(3/4):399-412.
Alonso-Zarza A M,Zhao Z,Song C H,et al.2009.Mudflat/distal fan and shallow lake sedimentation(upper Vallesian-Turolian)in the Tianshui Basin,Central China:Evidence against the late Miocene eolian loess[J].Sedimentary Geology,222(1):42-51.
An Z S,Kutzbach J E,Prell W L,et al.2001.Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the HimalayaTibetan plateau since Late Miocene times[J].Nature,411(6833):62-66.
A o H,Z h a n g P,D e k k e r s M J,e t a l.2 0 1 6.N e w magnetochronology of Late Miocene mammal fauna,NE Tibetan Plateau,China:Mammal migration and paleoenvironments[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,434:220-230.
Barrett P.2003.Palaeoclimatology:Cooling a continent[J].Nature,421(6920):221-223.
Bosboom R E,Abels H A,Hoorn C,et al.2014.Aridifi cation in continental Asia after the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum(Meco)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,389:34-42.
D a i S,F a n g X M,D u p o n t-N i v e t G,e t a l.2 0 0 6.Magnetostratigraphy of Cenozoic sediments from the Xining Basin:Tectonic implications for the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,111(B11):B11102,doi:10.1029/2005JB004187.
Deng T.2006.Chinese Neogene mammal biochronology[J].Vertebrata Pal Asiatica,44(2):143-163.
Dettman D L,Fang X M,Garzione C N,et al.2003.Upliftdriven climate change at 12 Ma:A longδ18O record from the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,214(1):267-277.
Ding Z L,Liu T S,Rutter N W,et al.1995.Ice-volume forcing of East Asian winter monsoon variations in the past800000 years[J].Quaternary Research,44(2):149-159.
Dupont-Nivet G,Horton B,Butler R F,et al.2004.Paleogene clockwise tectonic rotation of the Xining-Lanzhou region,northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,109,B04401,doi:10.1029/2003JB002620.
Dupont-Nivet G,Krijgsman W,Langereis C G,et al.2007.Tibetan Plateau aridification linked to global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene transition[J].Nature,445(7128):635-638.
Dupont-Nivet G,Hoorn C,Konert M.2008.Tibetan uplift prior to the Eocene-Oligocene climate transition:Evidence from pollen analysis of the Xining Basin[J].Geology,36(12):987-990.
Fan M J,Dettman D L,Song C H,et al.2007.Climatic variation in the Linxia Basin,NE Tibetan Plateau,from 13.1 to4.3 Ma:The stable isotope record[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,247(3):313-328.
Fang X M,Garzione C,Van der Voo R,et al.2003.Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin,China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,210(3):545-560.
Fang X M,Zan J B,Appel E,et al.2015.An Eocene-Miocene continuous rock magnetic record from the sediments in the Xining Basin,NW China:Indication for Cenozoic persistent drying driven by global cooling and Tibetan Plateau uplift[J].Geophysical Journal International,201(1):78-89.
F l y n n L J,D o w n s W,O p d y k e N,e t a l.1 9 9 9.R e c e n t advances in the small mammal biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of Lanzhou Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,44(S1):105-118.
Garzione C N,Ikari M J,Basu A R.2005.Source of Oligocene to Pliocene sedimentary rocks in the Linxia Basin in northeastern Tibet from Nd isotopes:Implications for tectonic forcing of climate[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(9/10):1156-1166.
Gradstein F M,Ogg J G,Schmitz M D,et al.2012.The geologic time scale 2012 2-volume set[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier.
Guo Z T,Ruddiman W F,Hao Q Z,et al.2002.Onset of Asian desertifi cation by 22 Ma ago inferred from loess deposits in China[J].Nature,416(6877):159-163.
Hong H L,Li Z H,Xue H J,et al.2007.Oligocene clay mineralogy of the Linxia Basin:Evidence of paleoclimatic evolution subsequent to the initial-stage uplift of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Clays and Clay Minerals,55(5):491-503.
Horton B K,Yin A,Spurlin M S,et al.2002.Paleocene-Eocene syncontractional sedimentation in narrow,lacustrinedominated basins of east-central Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,114(7):771-786.
Horton B K,Dupont‐Nivet G,Zhou J,et al.2004.Mesozoic‐Cenozoic evolution of the Xining-Minhe and Dangchang Basins,northeastern Tibetan Plateau:Magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic results[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,109(B4):657-681.
Li C K,Qiu Z D,Downs W.1980.Early Miocene mammalian fossils of the Xining Basin,Qinghai Province[J].Vertebrata PalAsiatica,18(3):198-209.
Liu Z F,Zhao X X,Wang C S,et al.2003.Magnetostratigraphy of Tertiary sediments from the Hoh Xil Basin:Implications for the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophysical Journal International,154(2):233-252.
Long L Q,Fang X M,Miao Y F,et al.2011.Northern Tibetan Plateau cooling and aridification linked to Cenozoic global cooling:Evidence from n-alkane distributions of Paleogene sedimentary sequences in the Xining Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,56(15):1569-1578.
Métivier F.1996.Volumes sédimentaires et bilans de masses en Asie pendant le Cénozo?que[D].Paris:University of Paris.
Miao Y F,Wu F L,Herrmann M,et al.2013.Late early Oligocene East Asian summer monsoon in the NE Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from a palynological record from the Lanzhou Basin,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,75:46-57.
Mock C,Arnaud N O,Cantagrel J M.1999.An early unroofi ng in northeastern Tibet?Constraints from 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on granitoids from the eastern Kunlun Range(Qianghai,NW China)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,171(1):107-122.
Opdyke N D,Flynn L J,Lindsay E H,et al.1998.The magnetic stratigraphy of the Yehucheng and Xianshuihe Formations of Oligocene-Miocene age near Lanzhou city,China[C]//INQUA.Paleontology Lanzhou Working Meeting.July27-30,1998,Lanzhou.
Qiang X K,An Z S,Song Y G,et al.2011.New eolian red clay sequence on the western Chinese Loess Plateau linked to onset of Asian desertifi cation about 25 Ma ago[J].Science China Earth Sciences,54(1):136-144.
Q i u Z X.1 9 8 9.T h e C h i n e s e N e o g e n e m a m m a l i a n biochronology-its correlation with the European Neogene mammalian zonation[M]//Lindsay E H,Fahlbusch V,Mein P.European Neogene mammal chronology.New York:Springer:527-556.
Qiu Z X,Wang B Y,Qiu Z D,et al.2001.Land mammal geochronology and magnetostratigraphy of mid-Tertiary deposits in the Lanzhou Basin,Gansu Province,China[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,94(3):373-385.
Qiu Z X,Qiu Z D,Deng T,et al.2013.Neogene Land Mammal Stages/Ages of China[M]//Wang X M,Flynn L J,Fortelius M.Fossil mammals of Asia:Neogene biostratigraphy and chronology.New York:Columbia University Press:29-90.
Ramstein G,Fluteau F,Besse J,et al.1997.Effect of orogeny,plate motion and land-sea distribution on Eurasian climate change over the past 30 million years[J].Nature,386(6627):788-795.
Ruddiman W F,Kutzbach J E.1989.Forcing of late Cenozoic Northern Hemisphere climate by plateau uplift in southern Asia and the American west[J].Journal of Geophysical R e s e a rc h:A t m o s p h e re s(1 9 8 4-2 0 1 2),9 4(D 1 5):18409-18427.
Spurlin M S,Yin A,Horton B K,et al.2005.Structural e v o l u t i o n o f t h e Yu s h u-N a n g q i a n r e g i o n a n d i t s relationship to syncollisional igneous activity,eastcentral Tibet[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(9/10):1293-1317.
Song B W,Zhang K X,Chen R M,et al.2013.The sedimentary record in northern Qaidam Basin and its response to the uplift of the south Qilian Mountain at around 30 Ma[J].Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition,87(2):528-539.
Sun Z M,Yang Z Y,Pei J L,et al.2005.Magnetostratigraphy of paleogene sediments from northern Qaidam Basin,China:Implications for tectonic uplift and block rotation in northern Tibetan plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,237(3):635-646.
Sun D H,Zhang Y B,Han F,et al.2011.Magnetostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental records for a Late Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from Lanzhou,northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Global and Planetary Change,76(3/4):106-116.
Wang C S,Liu Z F,Yi H S,et al.2002.Tertiary crustal shortening and peneplanation in the Hoh Xil region:Implications for the tectonic history of the northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,20(3):211-223.
Wang C S,Dai J G,Zhao X X,et al.2014.Outward-growth of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic:A review[J].Tectonophysics,621:1-43.
Wang Y L,Fang X M,Zhang T W,et al.2010.Predominance of even carbon-numbered n-alkanes from lacustrine s e d i m e n t s i n L i n x i a B a s i n,N E Ti b e t a n P l a t e a u:Implications for climate change[J].Applied Geochemistry,25(10):1478-1486.
Xiao G Q,Abels H A,Yao Z Q,et al.2010.Asian aridifi cation linked to the first step of the Eocene-Oligocene climate Transition(EOT)in obliquity-dominated terrestrial records(Xining Basin,China)[J].Climate of the Past,6:501-513.
Xiao G Q,Guo Z T,Dupont-Nivet G,et al.2012.Evidence for northeastern Tibetan Plateau uplift between 25 and20 Ma in the sedimentary archive of the Xining Basin,northwestern China[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,317/318:185-195.
Yin A,Rumelhart P,Butler R,et al.2002.Tectonic history of the Altyn Tagh fault system in northern Tibet inferred from Cenozoic sedimentation[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,114(10):1257-1295.
Yin A,Dang Y Q,Zhang M,et al.2008.Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Qaidam basin and its surrounding regions(Part 3):Structural geology,sedimentation,and regional tectonic reconstruction[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,120(7/8):847-876.
Yue L P,Heller F,Qiu Z X,et al.2001.Magnetostratigraphy and pavleo-environmental record of Tertiary deposits of Lanzhou Basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,46(1):770-773.
Zachos J C,Pagani M,Sloan L,et al.2001.Trends,rhythms,and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present[J].Science,292(5517):686-693.
Zachos J C,Dickens G R,Zeebe R E.2008.An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics[J].Nature,451(7176):279-283.
Zhang C X,Guo Z T.2014.Clay mineral changes across the Eocene-Oligocene transition in the sedimentary sequence at Xining occurred prior to global cooling[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,411:18-29.
Zhang Y B,Sun D H,Li Z J,et al.2014.Cenozoic record of aeolian sediment accumulation and aridifi cation from Lanzhou,China,driven by Tibetan Plateau uplift and global climate[J].Global and Planetary Change,120:1-15.
Zhang Z S,Wang H J,Guo Z T,et al.2007.What triggers the transition of palaeoenvironmental patterns in China,the Tibetan Plateau uplift or the Paratethys Sea retreat?[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,245(3):317-331.