机械活化强化硅烷改性竹粉/PVC复合材料制备
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摘要
用自制球磨机对竹粉进行机械活化强化偶联改性,以改性竹粉为填充体,PVC为塑料基体,采用热压成型技术制备竹塑复合材料,以复合材料的力学性能为评价指标,探讨机械活化强化硅烷偶联改性对复合材料力学性能的影响,并采用FTIR、XRD对竹粉进行表征,通过SEM观察竹塑材料的断面形貌。结果表明,当硅烷偶联剂占竹粉用量3%、机械活化温度70℃、机械活化时间30 min时,竹粉/PVC复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别为49.07,22.92 MPa。机械活化使竹纤维结晶度降低,反应活性提高,竹粉成功与硅烷偶联剂发生偶联反应,竹塑材料的界面相容性得到显著改善,从而提高了竹粉/PVC复合材料的力学强度。
Bamboo powder was modified with silane coupling agent strengthened by mechanical activation in a self-made stirring ball mill,and bamboo plastic composites were prepared by hot press molding technology using bamboo as reinforced material and PVC as polymer matrix. Effect of mechanical activation strengthened silane coupling modification on the mechanical properties of composites was investigated. In addition,bamboo was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction,and fractured surface of composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that under the conditions of dosage of coupling agent 3%( weight percent compared to bamboo),mechanical activation temperature 70 ℃,and mechanical activation time 30 min,the bending strength and tensile strength of the bamboo/PVC composite were 49. 07 MPa and 22. 92 MPa,respectively. Mechanical activation led to the decrease in degree of crystallinity of bamboo cellulose,and improved the reactivity of bamboo with coupling agent. Coupling reaction successfully took place between bamboo and silane,contributing to the significant improvement of interface compatibility of composites,which thus increased the mechanical properties of bamboo/PVC composites.
Bamboo powder was modified with silane coupling agent strengthened by mechanical activation in a self-made stirring ball mill,and bamboo plastic composites were prepared by hot press molding technology using bamboo as reinforced material and PVC as polymer matrix. Effect of mechanical activation strengthened silane coupling modification on the mechanical properties of composites was investigated. In addition,bamboo was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction,and fractured surface of composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that under the conditions of dosage of coupling agent 3%( weight percent compared to bamboo),mechanical activation temperature 70 ℃,and mechanical activation time 30 min,the bending strength and tensile strength of the bamboo/PVC composite were 49. 07 MPa and 22. 92 MPa,respectively. Mechanical activation led to the decrease in degree of crystallinity of bamboo cellulose,and improved the reactivity of bamboo with coupling agent. Coupling reaction successfully took place between bamboo and silane,contributing to the significant improvement of interface compatibility of composites,which thus increased the mechanical properties of bamboo/PVC composites.
引文
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[2]张娟,宁莉萍,杨红军,等.玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(3):476-485.
[3]李岩,罗业.天然纤维增强复合材料力学性能及其应用[J].固体力学学报,2010,31(6):614-630.
[4]董慧慧,杨光.大豆蛋白胶竹材胶合板制作工艺的研究[J].应用化工,2012,41(7):1179-1183.
[5]池冰,宁莉萍,周亚巍,等.彩色木塑复合材料的老化性能[J].材料科学与工程学报,2016,34(1):150-155.
[6]李忠,肖飞跃,赵嘉,等.竹纤维/Si O2杂化材料的制备、结构与性能[J].应用化工,2015,44(11):2026-2028.
[7]杨琳强,金立维.聚乳酸接枝硅烷偶联剂的制备及对聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2016,32(7):125-130.
[8]何春霞,侯人鸾,薛娇,等.不同模压成型条件下聚丙烯木塑复合材料性能[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(15):145-149.
[9]余方兵,宋剑斌,吴秋宁,等.竹粉接枝改性提高竹塑复合材料的力学性能[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(23):79-84.
[10]赵立英,刘长生.硅烷偶联剂对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅纳米复合材料结构与性能的影响[J].化工学报,2005,56(11):2223-2227.
[11]Liao Zhengda,Huang Zuqiang,Hu Huayu,et al.Microscopic structure and properties changes of cassava stillage residue pretreated by mechanical activation[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(17):7953-7958.
[12]Huang Zuqiang,Tan Yunfang,Zhang Yanjuan,et al.Direct production of cellulose laurate by mechanical activation-strengthened solid phase synthesis[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,118:624-627.
[13]Zhao Xiaohong,Zhang Yanjuan,Hu Huayu,et al.Effect of mechanical activation on structure changes and reactivity in further chemical modification of lignin[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2016,91:1081-1089.
[14]覃宇奔,蒋婷,胡华宇,等.机械活化对PVC/木薯酒糟复合材料力学性能的影响[J].塑料科技,2014,42(1):78-82.
[15]Huang Zuqiang,Wang Nan,Zhang Yanjuan,et al.Effect of mechanical activation pretreatment on the properties of sugarcane bagasse/poly(vinyl chloride)composites[J].Composites:Part A,2012,43(1):114-120.
[16]邓迟,姚宁,杨晓兵,等.KH570硅烷偶联剂提高聚己内酯复合材料力学性能[J].材料热处理学报,2010,31(5):53-56.
[17]何文,李吉平,金辉,等.毛竹纳米纤维素的烷基化改性[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(2):144-148.
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