非原生地黑苦荞茎叶提取物降血糖作用及功效成分变化
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摘要
研究原生于甘洛县的黑苦荞种籽在原生地和非原生地种植后,分别采收开花前的茎叶,测定茎叶总黄酮、膳食纤维的含量,再比较60%乙醇提取物的功效成分和降血糖功能,探讨非原生地茎叶提取物的降血糖功能及其代替原生地资源的可行性。腹腔注射四氧嘧啶(180 mg/kg)建立小鼠糖尿病模型,将两种来源的提取物(1000 mg生药/kg、500 mg生药/kg)分别灌胃,阳性对照组给予中成药的糖尿乐(300 mg/kg),连续12 d灌胃,测定处理前后的空腹血糖值,每4 d称重一次。结果表明,灌胃两种来源的黑苦荞茎叶提取物均能明显抑制高血糖小鼠体重的降低,对其高血糖有显著的降低作用,并可增强其葡萄糖耐受量。两种来源黑苦荞茎叶的膳食纤维含量差异显著,总黄酮含量差异也显著,其中,除芦丁的差异显著外,槲皮素和D-手性肌醇的差异不显著。两种来源黑苦荞茎叶经乙醇提取后,提取物的总黄酮和D-手性肌醇,芦丁、槲皮素的差异均不显著,动物试验表明两种提取物都有降血糖功能,所以,非原生地黑苦荞茎叶可代替原生地的,用于开发降血糖的功能产品。
Black buckwheat native to Ganluo was grown in native and non-native areas in this study,and the stems and leaves were collected before flowering.The contents of total flavones and dietary fiber in the stems and leaves were determined,the functional components and hypoglycemic effects of 60% ethanol extracts of black buckwheat stems and leaves(SLEE) were compared,and the feasibility of replacing the native black buckwheat with non-native plants was explored.A mouse model of diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan(180 mg/kg),and the extracts from two sources(1000 mg crude drug/kg and 500 mg crude drug/kg) were given to the mice by gavage.The positive control group was given the Chinese patented medicine tangniaole(300 mg/kg) for 12 d by gavage.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after treatment,and body weight was measured once every 4 d.The results showed that both SLEE extracts could significantly reduce body weight loss in the hyperglycemic mice,exhibit a strong hyperglycemic effect,and improve glucose tolerance.Comparing black buckwheat stems and leaves from the two sources,significant differences were found in the contents of dietary fiber,total flavone,and rutin content;the contents of D-chiral inositol and quercetin did not show significant differences.For the two SLEEs,the contents of total flavone,D-chiral inositol,rutin,and quercetin showed no significant differences.The animal tests indicated that both SLEEs had a hypoglycemic effect,so the non-native black buckwheat stems and leaves could replace those grown in the native region for the development of functional products with hypoglycemic properties.
Black buckwheat native to Ganluo was grown in native and non-native areas in this study,and the stems and leaves were collected before flowering.The contents of total flavones and dietary fiber in the stems and leaves were determined,the functional components and hypoglycemic effects of 60% ethanol extracts of black buckwheat stems and leaves(SLEE) were compared,and the feasibility of replacing the native black buckwheat with non-native plants was explored.A mouse model of diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan(180 mg/kg),and the extracts from two sources(1000 mg crude drug/kg and 500 mg crude drug/kg) were given to the mice by gavage.The positive control group was given the Chinese patented medicine tangniaole(300 mg/kg) for 12 d by gavage.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured before and after treatment,and body weight was measured once every 4 d.The results showed that both SLEE extracts could significantly reduce body weight loss in the hyperglycemic mice,exhibit a strong hyperglycemic effect,and improve glucose tolerance.Comparing black buckwheat stems and leaves from the two sources,significant differences were found in the contents of dietary fiber,total flavone,and rutin content;the contents of D-chiral inositol and quercetin did not show significant differences.For the two SLEEs,the contents of total flavone,D-chiral inositol,rutin,and quercetin showed no significant differences.The animal tests indicated that both SLEEs had a hypoglycemic effect,so the non-native black buckwheat stems and leaves could replace those grown in the native region for the development of functional products with hypoglycemic properties.
引文
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[3]蔡旋,王元凤,毛芳芳,等.茶花粗多糖的降血糖作用和对高血糖的预防作用[J].现代食品科技,2011,27(3):262-266CAI Xuan,WANG Yuan-feng,MAO Fang-fang,et al.Hypoglycemic and hyperglycemia-prevention effects of crude tea flower polysaccharide[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2011,27(3):262-266
[4]Wysham Carol,Blevins Thomas,Arakaki,Richard,et al.Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in Type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial[J].Diabetes Care,2014,37(8):2159-2167
[5]Egede Leonard E,Ellis Charles.Diabetes and depression:global perspectives[J].Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,2010,87(3):302-312
[6]田宝明,张磊,刘庆庆,等.低血糖指数挂面的降糖益脂功能评价[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(1):1-9TIAN Bao-ming,ZHANG Lei,LIU Qing-qing,et al.Glucolipid metabolization evaluation of fine dried noodles with low glycemic index in STZ-diabetic rats[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2016,32(1):1-9
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[8]Gimenez-Bastida,Zielinski Henryk.Buckwheat as a functional food and its effects on health[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(36):7896-7913
[9]ZHOU Yi-ming,LI Bao-guo,CUI Lin-lin,et al.The effect of tartary buckwheat resistant starch on physiological function of diabetic mice[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2015,30(5):24-28
[10]王丹,葛洪娟,张笑,等.荞麦粉对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢的影响[J].现代食品科技,2015,6:71-76WANG Dan,GE Hong-juan,ZHANG Xiao,et al.The effects of buckwheat on high-fat diet rat lipid metabolism[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2015,6:71-76
[11]Lee Chia-Chen,Lee Bao-Hong,Lai Ying-Jang.Antioxidation and antiglycation of Fagopyrum tataricum ethanol extract[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2015,52(2):1110-1116
[12]刘刚,谭善财,胡细享,等.黑苦荞茎叶提取物对高血糖小鼠降血糖功能的研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然版),2012,37(2):109-113LIU Gang,TAN Shan-cai,HU Xi-xiang,et al.A study of the effects of the extract from black buckwheat stem and leaves for regulating blood glucose in hyperglycemia mice[J].J.of Southwest China Normal Uni.(Natural Sci.Edition),2012,37(2):109-113
[13]刘刚,张晓喻,阿石拉比,等.一种苦荞的栽培方法和苦荞粉及其制备:中国,ZL 201210376401.8[P]2015-1-7LIU Gang,ZHANG Xiao-yu,ASHI La-bi,et al.A cultivation method of buckwheat and its powder preparation:China,ZL201210376401.8[P]2015-1-7
[14]GB/T 22224,食品中膳食纤维的测定[S]GB/T 22224,Determination of dietary fiber in foods[S]
[15]NY/T 1295,荞麦及其制品中总黄酮含量的测定[S]NY/T 1295,Determination of flavonoids in buckwheat and its products[S]
[16]邹亮,王战国,胡慧玲,等.苦荞提取物中芦丁和槲皮素的含量测定[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010,16(17):60-62ZOU Liang,WANG Zhan-guo,HU Hui-ling,et al.Determination of rutin and quercetin in tartary buckwheat extract[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2010,16(17):60-62
[17]宋雨,邹亮,赵江林,等.苦荞萌发过程中D-手性肌醇含量变化的探究[J].食品科技,2016,2:80-83SONG Yu,ZOU Liang,ZHAO Jiang-lin,et al.The change of D-chiro inositol content in tartary buckwheat during germination process[J].Food Science and Technology,2016,2:80-83
[18]陈平雁,黄浙明.IBM SPSS19统计软件应用教程(第2版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014CHEN Ping-yan,HUANG Zhe-ming.IBM SPSS19statistical software application tutorial(second edition)[M].Beijing:People's Medical Press,2014
[19]刘乐.OGTT各时间点血糖值在诊断糖代谢异常中的意义及1h高血糖者糖代谢特征的研究[D].天津:天津医科大学,2010LIU Le.The meaning of each time point plasma glucose at OGTT in diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism and the characteristics of glucose metabolism of 1h hyperglycemia[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Medical University,2010
[20]Keenan M J,Zhou J,Mc Cutcheon K L,et al.Effects resistant starch,a non-digestible fermentable fiber,on reducing body fat[J].Obesity,2006,14(9):1523-1534
[21]Wiczkowski Wieslaw,Szawara-Nowak Dorota,Debski Henryk,et al.Comparison of flavonoids profile in sprouts of common buckwheat cultivars and wild tartary buckwheat[J].International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2014,49(9):1977-1984
[22]陈思,彭德川,颜卫,等.苦荞麦不同器官的膳食纤维含量和种类分析[J].食品研究与开发,2009,30(11):26-29CHEN Si,PENG De-chuan,YAN Wei,et al.Determination of total soluble and insoluble dietary fiber on buckwheat of variety organs by enzymatic-gravimetric method[J].Food Research and Development,2009,30(11):26-29
[2]Roy T,Lloyd C E,Pouwer F,et al.Screening tools used for measuring depression among people with Type 1 and Type 2diabetes:a systematic review[J].Diabetic Medicine,2012,29(2):164-175
[3]蔡旋,王元凤,毛芳芳,等.茶花粗多糖的降血糖作用和对高血糖的预防作用[J].现代食品科技,2011,27(3):262-266CAI Xuan,WANG Yuan-feng,MAO Fang-fang,et al.Hypoglycemic and hyperglycemia-prevention effects of crude tea flower polysaccharide[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2011,27(3):262-266
[4]Wysham Carol,Blevins Thomas,Arakaki,Richard,et al.Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in Type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial[J].Diabetes Care,2014,37(8):2159-2167
[5]Egede Leonard E,Ellis Charles.Diabetes and depression:global perspectives[J].Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,2010,87(3):302-312
[6]田宝明,张磊,刘庆庆,等.低血糖指数挂面的降糖益脂功能评价[J].现代食品科技,2016,32(1):1-9TIAN Bao-ming,ZHANG Lei,LIU Qing-qing,et al.Glucolipid metabolization evaluation of fine dried noodles with low glycemic index in STZ-diabetic rats[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2016,32(1):1-9
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部.卫生部关于进一步规范保健食品原料管理的通知[Z].卫法监发[2002]第51号The ministry of health of the People's Republic of China.The ministry of health notice for further standardize the management of health food raw materials[Z].Wei Fa Jian Fa[2002]No.51
[8]Gimenez-Bastida,Zielinski Henryk.Buckwheat as a functional food and its effects on health[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(36):7896-7913
[9]ZHOU Yi-ming,LI Bao-guo,CUI Lin-lin,et al.The effect of tartary buckwheat resistant starch on physiological function of diabetic mice[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2015,30(5):24-28
[10]王丹,葛洪娟,张笑,等.荞麦粉对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢的影响[J].现代食品科技,2015,6:71-76WANG Dan,GE Hong-juan,ZHANG Xiao,et al.The effects of buckwheat on high-fat diet rat lipid metabolism[J].Modern Food Science and Technology,2015,6:71-76
[11]Lee Chia-Chen,Lee Bao-Hong,Lai Ying-Jang.Antioxidation and antiglycation of Fagopyrum tataricum ethanol extract[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2015,52(2):1110-1116
[12]刘刚,谭善财,胡细享,等.黑苦荞茎叶提取物对高血糖小鼠降血糖功能的研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然版),2012,37(2):109-113LIU Gang,TAN Shan-cai,HU Xi-xiang,et al.A study of the effects of the extract from black buckwheat stem and leaves for regulating blood glucose in hyperglycemia mice[J].J.of Southwest China Normal Uni.(Natural Sci.Edition),2012,37(2):109-113
[13]刘刚,张晓喻,阿石拉比,等.一种苦荞的栽培方法和苦荞粉及其制备:中国,ZL 201210376401.8[P]2015-1-7LIU Gang,ZHANG Xiao-yu,ASHI La-bi,et al.A cultivation method of buckwheat and its powder preparation:China,ZL201210376401.8[P]2015-1-7
[14]GB/T 22224,食品中膳食纤维的测定[S]GB/T 22224,Determination of dietary fiber in foods[S]
[15]NY/T 1295,荞麦及其制品中总黄酮含量的测定[S]NY/T 1295,Determination of flavonoids in buckwheat and its products[S]
[16]邹亮,王战国,胡慧玲,等.苦荞提取物中芦丁和槲皮素的含量测定[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2010,16(17):60-62ZOU Liang,WANG Zhan-guo,HU Hui-ling,et al.Determination of rutin and quercetin in tartary buckwheat extract[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2010,16(17):60-62
[17]宋雨,邹亮,赵江林,等.苦荞萌发过程中D-手性肌醇含量变化的探究[J].食品科技,2016,2:80-83SONG Yu,ZOU Liang,ZHAO Jiang-lin,et al.The change of D-chiro inositol content in tartary buckwheat during germination process[J].Food Science and Technology,2016,2:80-83
[18]陈平雁,黄浙明.IBM SPSS19统计软件应用教程(第2版)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2014CHEN Ping-yan,HUANG Zhe-ming.IBM SPSS19statistical software application tutorial(second edition)[M].Beijing:People's Medical Press,2014
[19]刘乐.OGTT各时间点血糖值在诊断糖代谢异常中的意义及1h高血糖者糖代谢特征的研究[D].天津:天津医科大学,2010LIU Le.The meaning of each time point plasma glucose at OGTT in diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism and the characteristics of glucose metabolism of 1h hyperglycemia[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Medical University,2010
[20]Keenan M J,Zhou J,Mc Cutcheon K L,et al.Effects resistant starch,a non-digestible fermentable fiber,on reducing body fat[J].Obesity,2006,14(9):1523-1534
[21]Wiczkowski Wieslaw,Szawara-Nowak Dorota,Debski Henryk,et al.Comparison of flavonoids profile in sprouts of common buckwheat cultivars and wild tartary buckwheat[J].International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2014,49(9):1977-1984
[22]陈思,彭德川,颜卫,等.苦荞麦不同器官的膳食纤维含量和种类分析[J].食品研究与开发,2009,30(11):26-29CHEN Si,PENG De-chuan,YAN Wei,et al.Determination of total soluble and insoluble dietary fiber on buckwheat of variety organs by enzymatic-gravimetric method[J].Food Research and Development,2009,30(11):26-29