基于多物流测试的循环流化床锅炉汞迁移和排放特性研究
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摘要
在某额定蒸发量为410t/h的循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上对Hg的迁移排放特性进行了研究。采用OHM法对静电除尘器(ESP)前、后和湿法脱硫塔(WFGD)后烟气中的Hg进行了取样分析,分别对各电厂的入炉燃料、底渣、飞灰、石膏、脱硫废水、新鲜浆液和清洗水等进行了多物流取样测试,并建立了质量平衡。结果表明:Hg的质量平衡率为101.10%~117.58%,测试结果具有良好的可靠性;迁移至飞灰中的Hg最多,占总排放Hg的70.95%;有27.37%的Hg排放到大气环境中,且以气相元素Hg为主;ESP和WFGD对Hg的脱除效率分别为58.1%和36.2%,CFB电厂配备的ESP+WFGD装置对烟气中Hg的排放有很好的控制能力。
Mercury migration and emission characteristics were studied for a 410 t/h circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler.The flue gas was sampled simultaneously in the upstream and downstream of the electrostatic precipitator(ESP)and at the outlet of wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)unit based on Ontario hydro method.At the same time,following streams were also sampled,such as the fuel,bottom ash,fly ash,gypsum,desulphurization wastewater,limestone slurry and flush water flow,etc.,so as to find the mass balance ratio of Hg.Results show that the mass balance ratio of Hg is within 101.10%-117.58%,proving the test results to be reliable.The majority of Hg moves to the fly ash,accounting for 70.95% of the total,and about 27.37% Hg emits to the atmosphere,mainly in the phase of gaseous element.The removal efficiency of Hg by ESP unit and WFGD system is 58.1% and 36.2%,respectively.The ESP+WFGD installed in CFB power plants can well control the amount of Hg emitted to the atmosphere.
Mercury migration and emission characteristics were studied for a 410 t/h circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boiler.The flue gas was sampled simultaneously in the upstream and downstream of the electrostatic precipitator(ESP)and at the outlet of wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD)unit based on Ontario hydro method.At the same time,following streams were also sampled,such as the fuel,bottom ash,fly ash,gypsum,desulphurization wastewater,limestone slurry and flush water flow,etc.,so as to find the mass balance ratio of Hg.Results show that the mass balance ratio of Hg is within 101.10%-117.58%,proving the test results to be reliable.The majority of Hg moves to the fly ash,accounting for 70.95% of the total,and about 27.37% Hg emits to the atmosphere,mainly in the phase of gaseous element.The removal efficiency of Hg by ESP unit and WFGD system is 58.1% and 36.2%,respectively.The ESP+WFGD installed in CFB power plants can well control the amount of Hg emitted to the atmosphere.
引文
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[3]Environmental Protection Agency.National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants from coal and oil-fired electric utility steam generating units and standards of performance for fossil-fuel-fired electric utility,industrial-commercial-institutional,and small industrial-commercial-institutional steam generating units:EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0234,EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0044,FRL-9286-1[S].Washington,USA:Federal Register,2011.
[4]环境保护部.火电厂大气污染物排放标准:GB13223—2011[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[5]YUDOVICH Y E,KETRIS M P.Mercury in coal:a review:part 1.geochemistry[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,62(3):107-134.
[6]任建莉.燃煤过程汞析出及模拟烟气中汞吸附脱除试验和机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[7]陈瑶姬,孟炜,胡达清.燃煤电厂汞的排放特性和脱汞技术分析[J].能源研究与管理,2016(1):25-27,44.CHEN Yaoji,MENG Wei,HU Daqing.Mercury emission characteristic and removal technical analysis in coal-fired power plant[J].Energy Research and Management,2016(1):25-27,44.
[8]ZHUANG Ye,THOMPSON J S,ZYGARLICKE C J,et al.Impact of calcium chloride addition on mercury transformations and control in coal flue gas[J].Fuel,2007,86(15):2351-2359.
[9]刘飞,乔少华,晏乃强,等.燃煤烟气中零价汞控制技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(6):58-63.LIU Fei,QIAO Shaohua,YAN Naiqiang,et al.Progress of elemental mercury control from coal-fired flue gas[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,35(6):58-63.
[10]吕太,冯银行,索利慧,等.燃煤电厂现有烟气净化设备脱汞特性分析[J].热力发电,2017,46(3):59-63,69.LTai,FENG Yinhang,SUO Lihui,et al.Mercury removal properties of current flue gas purification devices in coal-fired power plants[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(3):59-63,69.
[11]骆仲泱,何宏舟,王勤辉,等.循环流化床锅炉技术的现状及发展前景[J].动力工程,2004,24(6):761-767.LUO Zhongyang,HE Hongzhou,WANG Qinhui,et al.Status quo-technology of circulating fluidized bed boiler and its prospects of development[J].Power Engineering,2004,24(6):761-767.
[12]黄勋,程乐鸣,蔡毅,等.循环流化床中烟气飞灰汞迁移规律[J].化工学报,2014,65(4):1387-1395.HUANG Xun,CHENG Leming,CAI Yi,et al.Mercury migration between flue gas and fly ash in circulating fluidized bed[J].CIESC Journal,2014,65(4):1387-1395.
[13]武成利,曹晏,李寒旭,等.循环流化床燃煤锅炉中的汞迁移研究[J].燃料化学学报,2012,40(10):1276-1280.WU Chengli,CAO Yan,LI Hanxu,et al.Study on mercury migration in a circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2012,40(10):1276-1280.
[14]LEE S J,SEO Y C,JANG H N,et al.Speciation and mass distribution of mercury in a bituminous coalfired power plant[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(12):2215-2224.
[15]WANG S X,ZHANG L,LI G H,et al.Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(3):1183-1192.
[16]樊保国,贾里,李晓栋,等.电站燃煤锅炉飞灰特性对其吸附汞能力的影响[J].动力工程学报,2016,36(8):621-628.FAN Baoguo,JIA Li,LI Xiaodong,et al.Study on mercury adsorption by fly ash from coal-fired boilers of power plants[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2016,36(8):621-628.
[17]许月阳,薛建明,王宏亮,等.燃煤烟气常规污染物净化设施协同控制汞的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(23):3924-3931.XU Yueyang,XUE Jianming,WANG Hongliang,et al.Research on mercury collaborative control by conventional pollutants purification facilities of coal-fired power plants[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(23):3924-3931.
[18]LIN C W,HUANG S H,KUO Y M,et al.From electrostatic precipitation to nanoparticle generation[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2012,51:57-65.
[19]张君,李志超,段钰锋,等.燃煤电厂汞迁移排放及脱除[J].燃烧科学与技术,2015,21(5):415-420.ZHANG Jun,LI Zhichao,DUAN Yufeng,et al.Migrate emission and removal of mercury in coal-fired power plant[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2015,21(5):415-420.
[20]ZHANG Liang,ZHUO Yuqun,CHEN Lei,et al.Mercury emissions from six coal-fired power plants in China[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2008,89(11):1033-1040.