基于回声状态网络的接地网地表电位计算
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摘要
现有基于地表电位的接地网故障诊断需要测量大量的现场数据,为在减少现场测试工作量的同时提高接地网地表电位分布计算的准确性,文中提出了基于回声状态网络的接地网地表电位计算方法。首先利用接地网地表电位计算结果对回声状态网络进行训练,然后根据接地网结构对其进行网孔划分,最后使用少量的现场测试数据输入到每个区域的回声状态网络模型来计算得到接地网的整体地表电位分布。计算结果与某接地网模型的试验结果表明,文中所提方法能得到特定网孔处的接地网地表电位分布计算模型,据此可得到较为准确的接地网地表电位分布,从而大幅减少了现场测试工作量。研究结果可为基于地表电位分布的变电站接地网故障诊断提供理论计算依据。
The grounding grid fault diagnosis based on the surface potential distribution needs a large amount of measured data. To reduce the workload in field test and improve the calculation accuracy of surface potential of grounding grid,this paper presents a method for calculating the surface potential distribution of grounding grid based on the echo state network. First,the echo state network is trained according to the numerical results of sur-face potential distribution of grounding grid. Then,the grounding grid is divided into several sections according to its structure. Finally,a small amount of field test data is put into the echo state network to obtain the surface potential distribution of the whole grounding grid. Calculation results and the experimental results of a grounding grid model show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining calculation model of the surface potential distri-bution at a specific mesh of grounding network,hence the surface potential distribution of the grounding grid can be calculated accurately and the workload in field test can be reduced significantly. The result could provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of grounding grid based on surface potential distribution.
The grounding grid fault diagnosis based on the surface potential distribution needs a large amount of measured data. To reduce the workload in field test and improve the calculation accuracy of surface potential of grounding grid,this paper presents a method for calculating the surface potential distribution of grounding grid based on the echo state network. First,the echo state network is trained according to the numerical results of sur-face potential distribution of grounding grid. Then,the grounding grid is divided into several sections according to its structure. Finally,a small amount of field test data is put into the echo state network to obtain the surface potential distribution of the whole grounding grid. Calculation results and the experimental results of a grounding grid model show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining calculation model of the surface potential distri-bution at a specific mesh of grounding network,hence the surface potential distribution of the grounding grid can be calculated accurately and the workload in field test can be reduced significantly. The result could provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of grounding grid based on surface potential distribution.
引文
[1]张波,何金良,曾嵘.电力系统接地技术现状及展望[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2569-2582.ZHANG Bo,HE Jinliang,ZENG Rong.State of art and prospect of grounding technology in power system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2569-2582.
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[7]张义,黄松波,王建国,等.运行变电站接地网接地阻抗计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):457-463.ZHANG Yi,HUANG Songbo,WANG Jianguo,et al.Analysis of grounding impedance computation for grounding grid of substation in operation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):457-463.
[8]张秀丽,骆平,莫逆,等.接地网腐蚀状态电化学检测系统的开发与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(19):152-156.ZHANG Xiuli,LUO Ping,MO Ni,et al.Development and application of electrochemical detection system for grounding grid corrosion state[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(19):152-156.
[9]周斌,彭敏放,黄清秀,等.基于节点撕裂和化学反应优化算法的接地网故障诊断[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):163-168.ZHOU Bin,PENG Minfang,HUANG Qingxiu,et al.Grounding grid fault diagnosis based on node tearing and chemical reaction optimization algorithm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):163-168.
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[12]ZHANG B,ZHAO Z,CUI X.Diagnosis of breaks in substation’s grounding grid by using electromagnetic method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2002,38(2):473-476.
[13]HYUNG S L,JUNG H,DAWALIBI F.Efficient ground grids designs in layered soils[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(3):745-751.
[14]周文乐,罗晓雪.大型换流站地表电位分布计算[J].电工电气,2011,1(1):28-30.ZHOU Wenle,LUO Xiaoxue.Computing of surface potential distribution on large converter station[J].Electrotechnics Electric,2011,1(1):28-30.
[15]张丽萍,袁建生,李中新.变电站接地网不等电位模型数值计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(1):2-4.ZHANG Liping,YUAN Jiansheng,LI Zhongxin.Calculationofsubstationgroundinggridswithunequal-potentialmodel[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2000,20(1):2-4.
[16]WANG Shixin,MIAO Z,REN Xiaohua,et al.Calculation of ground potential distribution of±800 kV Yulong converter station grounding grids in Xichang[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(31):9352-9356.
[17]罗熊,黎江,孙增圻.回声状态网络的研究进展[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(2):217-222.LUO Xiong,LI Jiang,SUN Zengqi.Review on echo state networks[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(2):217-222.
[18]杨劲锋,肖勇,马千里,等.基于过程回声状态网络的电力用户用电模式分类研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3563-3569.YANG Jinfeng,XIAO Yong,MA Qianli,et al.Process echo state network for patter classification of electricity customers[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3563-3569.
[19]肖勇,杨劲锋,马千里,等.基于模块化回声状态网络的实时电力负荷预测[J].电网技术,2015,39(3):804-809.(154)XIAO Yong,YANG Jinfeng,MA Qianli,et al.Real-time load forecasting based on modular echo state network[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(3):804-809.
[20]ZHANG B,CUI X,LI L,et al.Parameter estimation of horizontal multilayer earth by complex image method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2/2):1394-1401.(149)
[2]王思华,杨桐,段启凡,等.基于DT法和粗糙集理论的接地网安全性状态评定[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(2):48-54.WANG Sihua,YANG Tong,DUAN Qifan,et al.Evaluation of security state in grounding grid based on DTmethod and rough set[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(2):48-54.
[3]张蓬鹤,何俊佳.接地网故障诊断算法研究综述[J].电气应用,2010,29(2):76-78.ZHANG Penghe,HE Junjia.Study of accurate singlephase grounding fault location based on distributed parameter theory using data of zero sequence components[J].Electrotechnical Application,2010,29(2):76-78.
[4]苏磊,王丰华,王劭菁,等.应用地表电位诊断接地网故障的试验研究[J].电气自动化,2016,38(3):44-46.SU Lei,WANG Fenghua,WANG Shaojing,et al.A test study on fault diagnosis of the grounding grid based on surface potential[J].Electrical Automation,2016,38(3):44-46.
[5]马刚,蒋林洳,徐谷超.基于特勒根定理的接地网腐蚀诊断研究[J].电测与仪表,2016,53(22):91-95.MA Gang,JIANG Linru,XU Guchao.Study on corrosion fault diagnosis for grounding grid based on the Tellegen’s theorem[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2016,53(22):91-95.
[6]许磊,李琳.基于电网络理论的变电站接地网腐蚀及断点诊断方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):270-276.XU Lei,LI Lin.Fault diagnosis for grounding grids based on electric network theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):270-276.
[7]张义,黄松波,王建国,等.运行变电站接地网接地阻抗计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):457-463.ZHANG Yi,HUANG Songbo,WANG Jianguo,et al.Analysis of grounding impedance computation for grounding grid of substation in operation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):457-463.
[8]张秀丽,骆平,莫逆,等.接地网腐蚀状态电化学检测系统的开发与应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(19):152-156.ZHANG Xiuli,LUO Ping,MO Ni,et al.Development and application of electrochemical detection system for grounding grid corrosion state[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(19):152-156.
[9]周斌,彭敏放,黄清秀,等.基于节点撕裂和化学反应优化算法的接地网故障诊断[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):163-168.ZHOU Bin,PENG Minfang,HUANG Qingxiu,et al.Grounding grid fault diagnosis based on node tearing and chemical reaction optimization algorithm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):163-168.
[10]季诚,郝承磊,张秀丽,等.接地网腐蚀状态电化学检测传感器的研制[J].华北电力技术,2014,11(11):6-11.JI Cheng,HAO Chenglei,ZHANG Xiuli,et al.Development of an electrochemical detection sensor for grounding grid corrosion[J].North China Electric Power,2014,11(11):6-11.
[11]张蓬鹤,何俊佳,尹小根.采用模糊理论的接地网故障诊断方法[J].高压电器,2011,47(5):54-58.ZHANG Penghe,HE Junjia,YIN Xiaogen.Method of grounding grid fault diagnosis based on fuzzy theory[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(5):54-58.
[12]ZHANG B,ZHAO Z,CUI X.Diagnosis of breaks in substation’s grounding grid by using electromagnetic method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2002,38(2):473-476.
[13]HYUNG S L,JUNG H,DAWALIBI F.Efficient ground grids designs in layered soils[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(3):745-751.
[14]周文乐,罗晓雪.大型换流站地表电位分布计算[J].电工电气,2011,1(1):28-30.ZHOU Wenle,LUO Xiaoxue.Computing of surface potential distribution on large converter station[J].Electrotechnics Electric,2011,1(1):28-30.
[15]张丽萍,袁建生,李中新.变电站接地网不等电位模型数值计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(1):2-4.ZHANG Liping,YUAN Jiansheng,LI Zhongxin.Calculationofsubstationgroundinggridswithunequal-potentialmodel[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2000,20(1):2-4.
[16]WANG Shixin,MIAO Z,REN Xiaohua,et al.Calculation of ground potential distribution of±800 kV Yulong converter station grounding grids in Xichang[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(31):9352-9356.
[17]罗熊,黎江,孙增圻.回声状态网络的研究进展[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(2):217-222.LUO Xiong,LI Jiang,SUN Zengqi.Review on echo state networks[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(2):217-222.
[18]杨劲锋,肖勇,马千里,等.基于过程回声状态网络的电力用户用电模式分类研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(12):3563-3569.YANG Jinfeng,XIAO Yong,MA Qianli,et al.Process echo state network for patter classification of electricity customers[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(12):3563-3569.
[19]肖勇,杨劲锋,马千里,等.基于模块化回声状态网络的实时电力负荷预测[J].电网技术,2015,39(3):804-809.(154)XIAO Yong,YANG Jinfeng,MA Qianli,et al.Real-time load forecasting based on modular echo state network[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(3):804-809.
[20]ZHANG B,CUI X,LI L,et al.Parameter estimation of horizontal multilayer earth by complex image method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2/2):1394-1401.(149)