围封对苦豆子群落多样性及土壤微生物的影响
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摘要
以宁夏盐池县典型荒漠草原围封草地和放牧草地苦豆子群落为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内试验结合的方法,研究了围封对苦豆子群落植物多样性及土壤微生物数量等特征的影响,以期为荒漠草原植被恢复与治理提供参考。结果表明:围栏内物种数(15)少于围栏外(18)(围栏内以禾本科为主,围栏外禾本科、菊科、藜科占优势);围封样地苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)群落整体的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数与Pielou均匀度指数大于围栏外,多年生草本与之相似,一二年生草本与之相反;土壤微生物中细菌数量最多、放线菌次之、真菌最少,并随着土层加深而减少,围封样地微生物数多聚集在20cm以下;植物物种多样性与细菌、放线菌在围栏外样地有显著相关关系,与真菌在围栏内样地显著相关。围封增加了多年生草本植物多样性,影响微生物的土层间分布。
The grassland and grazing grasses of the typical desert steppe in Yanchi county of Ningxia were used as the research object,the effects of the enclosure on the plant diversity and soil microbial population of the Sophora alopecuroides community were studied by field investigation and laboratory experiments.In order to provide reference for the restoration and treatment of desert steppe vegetation.The results showed that the number of species inside the fence(15)was less than that outside the fence(18).Gramineae was dominated inside the fence,Gramineae,Compositac and Polygonaceae were dominated outside the fence.The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index were larger inside the fence than those outside the fence.Perennial herbs were similar,and annual and biennial herbs were the opposite;the soil microorganisms had the most bacteria,the actinomycetes were the second,and the fungi at least,and with the deepening of the soil layer,the microorganism number in the enclosing sample mostly accumulated below 20 cm;the diversity of plant species was significantly correlated with the bacteria and actinomycetes outside the fence,and with the fungus inside the fence.The enclosure increases the diversity of perennial herbaceous plants and affects the microbial distribution of different soil layers.
The grassland and grazing grasses of the typical desert steppe in Yanchi county of Ningxia were used as the research object,the effects of the enclosure on the plant diversity and soil microbial population of the Sophora alopecuroides community were studied by field investigation and laboratory experiments.In order to provide reference for the restoration and treatment of desert steppe vegetation.The results showed that the number of species inside the fence(15)was less than that outside the fence(18).Gramineae was dominated inside the fence,Gramineae,Compositac and Polygonaceae were dominated outside the fence.The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index were larger inside the fence than those outside the fence.Perennial herbs were similar,and annual and biennial herbs were the opposite;the soil microorganisms had the most bacteria,the actinomycetes were the second,and the fungi at least,and with the deepening of the soil layer,the microorganism number in the enclosing sample mostly accumulated below 20 cm;the diversity of plant species was significantly correlated with the bacteria and actinomycetes outside the fence,and with the fungus inside the fence.The enclosure increases the diversity of perennial herbaceous plants and affects the microbial distribution of different soil layers.
引文
[1]张中华,周华坤,赵新全,等.青藏高原高寒草地生物多样性与生态系统功能的关系[J].生物多样性,2018,26(2):111-129.
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[7]王光华,金剑,徐美娜,等.植物、土壤及土壤管理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006(5):550-556.
[8]李学斌,陈林,樊瑞霞,等.围封条件下荒漠草原4种典型植物群落枯落物输入对土壤理化性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(1):101-110.
[9]罗冬,王明玖,郑少龙,等.围封对荒漠草原土壤微生物数量及其酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):760-767.
[10]赵盼盼,李国旗,邵文山,等.围封对荒漠草原区沙芦草群落土壤种子库及地上植被的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(1):42-52.
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[12]肖辉林,郑习健.植物多样性对土壤微生物的影响[J].生态环境学报,2001,10(3):238-241.
[13]STEPHAN A,MEYER A H,SCHMID B.Plant diversity affects culturable soil bacteria in experimental grassland communities[J].Journal of Ecology,2000,88(6):988-998.
[14]蒋婧,宋明华.植物与土壤微生物在调控生态系统养分循环中的作用[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):979-988.
[15]范志超,王彦荣.不同生境苦豆子种群的生产性能[J].草业科学,2016,33(3):459-470.
[16]刘建.宁夏盐池县沙化草地植被变化及围封措施效果研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
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[18]董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1472-1483.
[19]刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等.荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(6):564-573.
[20]井光花.黄土高原半干旱区草地群落结构和功能对管理措施的响应特征[D].咸阳:中国科学院,2017.
[21]吕世海,冯长松,高吉喜,等.呼伦贝尔沙化草地围封效应及生物多样性变化研究[J].草地学报,2008,16(5):442-447.
[22]林杨,文仕知,王德明.湘潭锰矿3种不同生境植物群落结构及数量特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(12):102-109.
[23]娄彦景,赵魁义,马克平.洪河自然保护区典型湿地植物群落组成及物种多样性梯度变化[J].生态学报,2007(9):3883-3891.
[24]缪宁,周珠丽,史作民,等.岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落结构和物种多样性的演替动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3661-3671.
[25]COLLINS S L,BRADFORD J A,SIMS P L.Succession and fluctuation in artemisia dominated grassland[J].Vegetatio,1988,73(2):89-99.
[26]YAN Y C,TANG H P.Effects of exclosure on typical steppe community properties in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(6):1225-1232.
[27]吴建波,包晓影,李洁,等.不同围封年限对典型草原群落及大针茅种群特征的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):490-495.
[28]张明明.改变碳输入对樟树林土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[29]朱瑞芬,唐凤兰,刘杰淋,等.围栏对东北羊草草地土壤微生物数量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(8):118-121.
[30]王素娟,苏和,高丽.库布齐沙地土壤微生物数量初步研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(6):89-93.
[31]丁玲玲,祁彪,尚占环,等.东祁连山不同高寒草地型土壤微生物数量分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2104-2111.
[32]李姗姗,王正文,杨俊杰.凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化[J].生物多样性,2016,24(2):195-204.
[33]杨宪,冯玉琴,宋鹏阳,等.亚热带典型自然演替林被下土壤微生物与植物多样性的关系[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(9):129-134.
[34]周玮,苏春花,严敏.喀斯特地区不同土层厚度下土壤微生物数量与植物多样性的关系[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(2):112-117.
[35]JIE L I,RUIYU L I,YANG H,et al.Research methods of soil microbial diversity[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(11):1738-1742,1746.
[2]徐永明,吕世海.风蚀沙化对草原植被生物多样性的影响:以呼伦贝尔草原为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(4):133-137.
[3]聂莹莹,杜广明,王国庆,等.围栏封育对呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落物种多样性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(6):106-110.
[4]闫瑞瑞,卫智军,乌仁其其格,等.微生物肥料对呼伦贝尔打孔羊草草甸草原土壤微生物及酶活性的影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(4):597-604.
[5]李玉霖,孟庆涛,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地流动沙丘植被恢复过程中群落组成及植物多样性演变特征[J].草业学报,2007(6):54-61.
[6]闫玉春,唐海萍,辛晓平,等.围封对草地的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):5039-5046.
[7]王光华,金剑,徐美娜,等.植物、土壤及土壤管理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006(5):550-556.
[8]李学斌,陈林,樊瑞霞,等.围封条件下荒漠草原4种典型植物群落枯落物输入对土壤理化性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(1):101-110.
[9]罗冬,王明玖,郑少龙,等.围封对荒漠草原土壤微生物数量及其酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):760-767.
[10]赵盼盼,李国旗,邵文山,等.围封对荒漠草原区沙芦草群落土壤种子库及地上植被的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(1):42-52.
[11]EISENHAUER N.Plant diversity effects on soil microorganisms:Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of plant inputs increase soil biodiversity[J].Pedobiologia-Journal of Soil Ecology,2016,59(4):175-177.
[12]肖辉林,郑习健.植物多样性对土壤微生物的影响[J].生态环境学报,2001,10(3):238-241.
[13]STEPHAN A,MEYER A H,SCHMID B.Plant diversity affects culturable soil bacteria in experimental grassland communities[J].Journal of Ecology,2000,88(6):988-998.
[14]蒋婧,宋明华.植物与土壤微生物在调控生态系统养分循环中的作用[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):979-988.
[15]范志超,王彦荣.不同生境苦豆子种群的生产性能[J].草业科学,2016,33(3):459-470.
[16]刘建.宁夏盐池县沙化草地植被变化及围封措施效果研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[17]李振高,骆永明,滕应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:71-94.
[18]董世魁,汤琳,张相锋,等.高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1472-1483.
[19]刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等.荒漠草地植物多样性对草食动物采食的响应机制[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(6):564-573.
[20]井光花.黄土高原半干旱区草地群落结构和功能对管理措施的响应特征[D].咸阳:中国科学院,2017.
[21]吕世海,冯长松,高吉喜,等.呼伦贝尔沙化草地围封效应及生物多样性变化研究[J].草地学报,2008,16(5):442-447.
[22]林杨,文仕知,王德明.湘潭锰矿3种不同生境植物群落结构及数量特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(12):102-109.
[23]娄彦景,赵魁义,马克平.洪河自然保护区典型湿地植物群落组成及物种多样性梯度变化[J].生态学报,2007(9):3883-3891.
[24]缪宁,周珠丽,史作民,等.岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落结构和物种多样性的演替动态[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3661-3671.
[25]COLLINS S L,BRADFORD J A,SIMS P L.Succession and fluctuation in artemisia dominated grassland[J].Vegetatio,1988,73(2):89-99.
[26]YAN Y C,TANG H P.Effects of exclosure on typical steppe community properties in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(6):1225-1232.
[27]吴建波,包晓影,李洁,等.不同围封年限对典型草原群落及大针茅种群特征的影响[J].草地学报,2010,18(4):490-495.
[28]张明明.改变碳输入对樟树林土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2012.
[29]朱瑞芬,唐凤兰,刘杰淋,等.围栏对东北羊草草地土壤微生物数量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(8):118-121.
[30]王素娟,苏和,高丽.库布齐沙地土壤微生物数量初步研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(6):89-93.
[31]丁玲玲,祁彪,尚占环,等.东祁连山不同高寒草地型土壤微生物数量分布特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(6):2104-2111.
[32]李姗姗,王正文,杨俊杰.凋落物分解过程中土壤微生物群落的变化[J].生物多样性,2016,24(2):195-204.
[33]杨宪,冯玉琴,宋鹏阳,等.亚热带典型自然演替林被下土壤微生物与植物多样性的关系[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(9):129-134.
[34]周玮,苏春花,严敏.喀斯特地区不同土层厚度下土壤微生物数量与植物多样性的关系[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(2):112-117.
[35]JIE L I,RUIYU L I,YANG H,et al.Research methods of soil microbial diversity[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(11):1738-1742,1746.