泥石流堆积物中细颗粒含量与渗透系数关系试验研究
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摘要
泥石流拦砂坝通常建造在沟床堆积物上。泥石流堆积物的渗透性是影响坝底扬压力的关键因素。目前关于土体渗透性的研究主要集中于无黏性粗粒土,对泥石流堆积物这种宽级配土体渗透性的研究比较缺乏。选择北川县泥石流沟床堆积物作为试验材料,通过渗透试验,确定了影响宽级配土渗透性的细颗粒上限粒径;在此基础上,通过试验研究了细颗粒含量与渗透系数的关系。结果表明,泥石流堆积物中粗颗粒仅起骨架作用,细颗粒才是决定其渗透性能的关键;显著影响宽级配土渗透性的细颗粒上限粒径为0.1 mm;细颗粒(<0.1 mm)含量与渗透系数呈负指数关系,并且当细颗粒含量超过20%以后,泥石流堆积土的渗透性趋于稳定。
The permeability of debris flow deposit, if served as a foundation of check dam, is vital to forming uplift pressure on dam base. Current researches on soil permeability are focused on cohesionless coarse-grained soils and few on wide graded gravelly soils, such as debris flow deposits. The upper limit particle size of the fine particle affecting the permeability of wide graded gravelly soil is determined by the permeability test on the debris flow deposit in Beichuan county, Sichuan Province of China. The relationships between fine-grained soil content and permeability coefficient are also obtained. The results show the coarse particles only play a skeleton role, and the fine particles dominate the permeability of debris flow deposits. The upper limit particle size of 0.1 mm has significant influence on the permeability of wide graded gravelly soil. The content of fine particles(<0.1 mm) has a negative exponential relationship with the permeability coefficient, and the permeability of debris flow deposits tends to be stable when the fine particle content is more than 20%.
The permeability of debris flow deposit, if served as a foundation of check dam, is vital to forming uplift pressure on dam base. Current researches on soil permeability are focused on cohesionless coarse-grained soils and few on wide graded gravelly soils, such as debris flow deposits. The upper limit particle size of the fine particle affecting the permeability of wide graded gravelly soil is determined by the permeability test on the debris flow deposit in Beichuan county, Sichuan Province of China. The relationships between fine-grained soil content and permeability coefficient are also obtained. The results show the coarse particles only play a skeleton role, and the fine particles dominate the permeability of debris flow deposits. The upper limit particle size of 0.1 mm has significant influence on the permeability of wide graded gravelly soil. The content of fine particles(<0.1 mm) has a negative exponential relationship with the permeability coefficient, and the permeability of debris flow deposits tends to be stable when the fine particle content is more than 20%.
引文
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[16]常东升,张利民.土体渗透稳定性判定准则[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):253-259.CHANG Dong-sheng,ZHANG Li-min.Internal stability criteria for soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):253-259.
[17]谢定松,蔡红,魏迎奇,等.粗粒土渗透试验缩尺原则与方法探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(2):369-373.XIE Ding-song,CAI Hong,WEI Ying-qi,et al.Scaling principle and method in seepage tests on coarse materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.2015,37(2):369-373.
[18]傅华,韩华强,凌华.堆石料级配缩尺方法对其室内试验结果的影响[J].岩土力学,2012,33(9):2645-2649.FU Hua,HAN Hua-qiang,LING Hua.Effect of grading scale method on results of laboratory tests on rockfill materials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(9):2645-2649.
[19]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.GB50487-2008 Code for Engineering Geological Investigation of Water Resources and Hydropower[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2009.
[20]太沙基,帕克.工程实用土力学[M].蒋彭年译.北京:水利电力出版社,1960.TERZAGHI K,PECK R B.Soil mechanics in engineering practice[M].Translated by JIANG Peng-nian.Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,1960.
[2]CARRIER W D,ASCE F.Goodbye,Hazen;hello,Kozeny-Carman[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(11):1054-1056.
[3]苏立君,张宜健,王铁行.不同粒径级砂土渗透特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(5):1289-1294.SU Li-jun,ZHANG Yi-jian,WANG Tie-xing.Investigation on permeability of sands with different particle sizes[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(5):1289-1294.
[4]崔鹏,何易平,陈杰.泥石流输沙及其对山区河道的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24(5):539-549.CUI Peng,HE Yi-ping,CHEN Jie.Debris flow sediment transportation and its effects on rivers in mountain area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24(5):539-549.
[5]陈兴长,游勇,柳金峰.震后北川县泥石流对恢复重建的影响及潜在泥石流发育度评价[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010,42(5):76-82.CHEN Xing-zhang,YOU Yong,LIU Jin-feng.Impacts on reconstruction and developing degrees evaluation of debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County,Sichuan,China[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2010,42(5):76-82.
[6]王裕宜,邹仁元,刘岫峰.泥石流启动与渗透系数的相关研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(4):76-82.WANG Yu-yi,ZOU Ren-yuan,LIU Xiu-feng.Interrelated research of relationship between debris flow's trigger and permeational coefficient[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1997,3(4):76-82.
[7]陈宁生,张军.泥石流源区弱固结砾石土的渗透规律[J].山地学报,2001,19(1):169-171.CHEN Ning-sheng,ZHANG Jun.The research of permeability on lose gravelly soil in debris flow original area[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2001,19(1):169-171.
[8]贺拿,陈宁生,朱云华,等.泥石流源区砾石土分形特征及其与渗透系数关系试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2543-2548.HE Na,CHEN Ning-sheng,ZHU Yun-hua,et al.Experiment study of fractal feature and relationship between fractal dimension and permeability coefficient of gravelly soil in debris flow source area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2543-2548.
[9]陈晓清,崔鹏,冯自立,等.滑坡转化泥石流起动的人工降雨试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):106-116.CHEN Xiao-qing,CUI Peng,FENG Zi-li,et al.Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):106-116.
[10]周小军,崔鹏,李战鲁.泥石流源区砾石土渗透沉降综合渗透仪研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1281-1289.ZHOU Xiao-jun,CUI Peng,LI Zhan-lu.Development and application of integrated test equipment for permeability and settlement of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1281-1289.
[11]李泳,陈晓清,胡凯衡,等.泥石流颗粒组成的分形特征[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):495-502.LI Yong,CHEN Xiao-qing,HU Kai-heng,et al.Fractality of grain composition of debris flows[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(3):495-502.
[12]邵生俊,李建军,杨扶银.粗粒土孔隙特征及其对泥浆渗透性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(1):59-65.SHAO Sheng-jun,LI Jian-jun,YANG Fu-yin.Pore characteristics of coarse grained soil and their effect on slurry permeability[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(1):59-65.
[13]费祥俊,康志成,王裕宜.细颗粒浆体、泥石流浆体对泥石流运动的作用[J].山地研究,1991,9(3):143-152.FEI Xiang-jun,KANG Zhi-cheng,WANG Yu-yi.Effect of fine grain and debris flow slurry bodies on debris flow motion[J].Mountain Research,1991,9(3):143-152.
[14]赵惠林,陈英燕.泥石流细颗粒浆体的有效浓度[J].泥沙研究,1992,(2):20-25.ZHAO Hui-lin,CHEN Ying-yan.The effective concentration of fine particle slurry of debris flow[J].Journal of Sediment Research,1992,(2):20-25.
[15]刘杰,谢定松.砾石土渗透稳定特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(9):2632-2638.LIU Jie,XIE Ding-song.Research on seepage stability experiment of gravelly soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(9):2632-2638.
[16]常东升,张利民.土体渗透稳定性判定准则[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):253-259.CHANG Dong-sheng,ZHANG Li-min.Internal stability criteria for soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):253-259.
[17]谢定松,蔡红,魏迎奇,等.粗粒土渗透试验缩尺原则与方法探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(2):369-373.XIE Ding-song,CAI Hong,WEI Ying-qi,et al.Scaling principle and method in seepage tests on coarse materials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.2015,37(2):369-373.
[18]傅华,韩华强,凌华.堆石料级配缩尺方法对其室内试验结果的影响[J].岩土力学,2012,33(9):2645-2649.FU Hua,HAN Hua-qiang,LING Hua.Effect of grading scale method on results of laboratory tests on rockfill materials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(9):2645-2649.
[19]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.GB50487-2008 Code for Engineering Geological Investigation of Water Resources and Hydropower[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2009.
[20]太沙基,帕克.工程实用土力学[M].蒋彭年译.北京:水利电力出版社,1960.TERZAGHI K,PECK R B.Soil mechanics in engineering practice[M].Translated by JIANG Peng-nian.Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Press,1960.