基于面元法的船舶螺旋桨附连水质量与阻尼计算方法研究
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摘要
在船舶轴系振动或桨轴流固耦合分析中,螺旋桨在流场中所引起的附连水质量与阻尼是很重要的参数。但实际计算中螺旋桨附连水质量常常用螺旋桨自身质量乘以一个经验系数得到,而附加阻尼往往被忽略。针对这些不足,文章利用螺旋桨水动力分析中常使用的面元法,构建了螺旋桨随轴系在水中振动时的附加质量与阻尼数值计算方法。目前求解附加质量的经典方法是基于运动物体引起流体动能变化来求解,但该方法不能求解附加阻尼。文中证明了所提出的方法与经典方法是完全等价的,同时利用该方法还可以求解附加阻尼。最后以球体、椭球体及螺旋桨为对象给出几个算例,并与解析解或其它文献计算结果比较,误差均在合理范围内,表明文中提出的方法的有效性。
The added mass and damping of propellers caused by the fluid are important parameters in the vibration analysis or the fluid-structure interaction analysis of the marine propulsion shafting. However, in the engineering analysis, the added mass is usually calculated through multiplying the propeller's weight by an empirical coefficient and the added damping is ignored. This is not accurate. So this paper presents a new method to calculate the added mass and damping of the propeller when it vibrates with the shaft. This new method bases on the panel method which is the common method in propeller hydrodynamic analysis. The current classical method for solving the added mass is by calculating the fluid kinetic energy and this method can not solve the added damping. It is proved that the proposed method is completely equivalent to the classical method, and can solve the added damping. Finally, the sphere, the ellipsoid and the propeller's added mass and damping are solved with this new method. Compared with analytical or other simulative results, the errors are all in a reasonable range, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The added mass and damping of propellers caused by the fluid are important parameters in the vibration analysis or the fluid-structure interaction analysis of the marine propulsion shafting. However, in the engineering analysis, the added mass is usually calculated through multiplying the propeller's weight by an empirical coefficient and the added damping is ignored. This is not accurate. So this paper presents a new method to calculate the added mass and damping of the propeller when it vibrates with the shaft. This new method bases on the panel method which is the common method in propeller hydrodynamic analysis. The current classical method for solving the added mass is by calculating the fluid kinetic energy and this method can not solve the added damping. It is proved that the proposed method is completely equivalent to the classical method, and can solve the added damping. Finally, the sphere, the ellipsoid and the propeller's added mass and damping are solved with this new method. Compared with analytical or other simulative results, the errors are all in a reasonable range, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
[1]邹冬林.桨-轴系统双向流固耦合动力学分析及其纵向激励力特性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2017.Zou D L.Study on fluid-structure interaction dynamics of propeller-shaft systems and longitudinal exciting force characteristics[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2017.
[2]Gaoyu L,Kun L,Donglin Z,et al.Development of a semi-active dynamic vibration absorber for longitudinal vibration of propulsion shaft system based on magnetorheological elastomer[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2017,26(7):075009.
[3]Zou D,Zhang J,Ta N,et al.The hydroelastic analysis of marine propellers with consideration of the effect of the shaft[J].Ocean Engineering,2017,131(1):95-106.
[4]Zou D,Liu L,Rao Z,et al.Coupled longitudinal-transverse dynamics of a marine propulsion shafting under primary and internal resonances[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,372(1):299-316.
[5]Zou D L,Rao Z S,Ta N.Coupled longitudinal-transverse dynamics of a marine propulsion shafting under superharmonic resonances[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2015,346(1):248-264.
[6]Mac Pherson D M,Puleo V R,Packard M B.Estimation of entrained water added mass properties for vibration analysis[C].The Society of Naval Architects&Marine Engineers,New England Section,2007.
[7]Carlton J.Marine propellers and propulsion[M].Butterworth Heinemann,2012.
[8]中华人民共和国船舶检验局海船规范研究所.船舶柴油机轴系纵振计算[S].行业标准-船舶,1984.Institute of Marine Ship Codes,Ship Inspection Bureau of the People’s Republic of China.Calculation of longitudinal vibration of ship diesel engine shafting[S].Industry Standard-Ships,1984.
[9]船舶检验局海船规范研究所,708所.船舶推进轴系回旋振动计算方法[S].行业标准-船舶,1984.Institute of Marine Codes,Ship Inspection Bureau,The 708 institutes.Calculation method of bending vibration of ship propulsion shafting[S].Industry Standard-Ships,1984.
[10]上海船用柴油机研究所,沪东造船厂,舰艇柴油机轴系扭转振动计算[S].行业标准-船舶,1985.Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute,Hudong Shipyard.Torsional vibration calculation for ship diesel engine shafting[S].Industry Standard-Ships,1985.
[11]Burrill L C,Robson W.Virtual mass and moment of inertia of propellers[J].Trans.Norh East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders,1962,78(1):325-360.
[12]Wereldsma R.Experiments on vibrating propeller models[J].International Shipbulding Progress,1965,12(1):130-138.
[13]Wijk J M v.Added mass moment of inertia of centrifugal dredge pump impellers[C].Proceedings of the ICE-Maritime Engineering,2014,167:135-143.
[14]Hylarides S.Hydrodynamic reactions to propeller vibrations[C]//in Proceeding of the Conference on Operational Aspects of Propulsion Shafting Systems.London,1979:44-45.
[15]Schwanecke H.Gedanken wur frage de hydrodynamischen erregungen des propellers und der wellenleitung[J].STG,1963,57(1):134-139.
[16]Vassilopoulos L T M.Prediction of propeller hydrodynamic coefficients using unsteady lifting surface theory[C]//In Propellers81 Symposium,Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.New York,1981.
[17]Salehyar S,Zhu Q.Aerodynamic dissipation effects on the rotating blades of floating wind turbines[J].Renewable Energy,2015,78(1):119-127.
[18]Gaschler M,Abdel-Maksoud M.Computation of hydrodynamic mass and damping coefficients for a cavitating marine propeller flow using a panel method[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2014,49(1):574-593.
[19]van Esch B,van Hooijdonk J,Bulten N.Quantification of hydrodynamic forces due to torsional and axial vibrations in ship propellers[C]//in ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2013.
[20]Blevins R D.Flow-induced vibration[M].Medium:X;Size:Pages,1990:451.
[21]Ghassemi H,Yari E.The added mass coefficient computation of sphere,ellipsoid and marine propellers using boundary element method[J].Polish Maritime Research,2011,18(1):17-26.
[22]Hutchison S,Steen S,Sanghani A.Numerical investigation of ducted propeller added mass[C].in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Marine Propulsors smp,2013.
[23]郭益民.采用PARSONS公式计算螺旋桨附连水的惯量和质量(英文)[C]//2002年大连国际海事技术交流会.中国辽宁大连,2002.Guo Yiming.The inertia and mass of propeller attached water are calculated by PARSONS formula[C]//In 2002 Dalian International Maritime Technical Exchange.Dalian,Liaoning,China,2002.
[24]李泓运,王纬波,曾志波.复合材料螺旋桨的铺层对桨叶强度和干湿模态的影响[C]//第十四届船舶水下噪声学术讨论会.中国重庆,2013.Li Hongyun,Wang Weibo,Zeng Zhibo.Effects of composite propeller layering on blade strength and dry-wet modal[C]//14th Symposium on Underwater Noise of Ships.Chongqing,China,2013.
[25]李华东,朱锡,罗忠,等.附连水质量的边界元法求解[J].海军工程大学学报,2009(02):45-49.Li Huadong,Zhu Xi,Luo Zhong,et al.Boundary element method for solving added mass of structure[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2009(02):45-49.
[26]林超友,朱军.潜艇近海底航行附加质量数值计算[J].船舶工程,2003(01):26-29.Lin Chaoyou,Zhu Jun.Numerical computation of added mass of submarine maneuvering with small clearance to sea-bottom[J].Ship Engineering,2003(01):26-29.
[27]王中,卢晓平,王玮.片体干扰对三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩的影响研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2009(02):83-87,106.Wang Zhong,Lu Xiaoping,Wang Wei.On interaction among three bodies to trimaran additional mass and additional inertia moment[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2009(02):83-87,106.
[28]朱仁传,郭海强,缪国平,等.一种基于CFD理论船舶附加质量与阻尼的计算方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2009(02):198-203.Zhu Renchuan,Guo Haiqiang,Miao Guoping,et al.A computational method for evaluation of added mass and damping of ship based on CFD theory[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009(02):198-203.
[29]Lee S,Cho L,Cho J.Study on the extraction of aerodynamic coefficients for the development of an UAV simulator using the unsteady time-domain panel method[J].Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences,2014,57(4):187-194.
[30]Greco L,et al.Marine propellers performance and flow-field prediction by a free-wake panel method[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2014,26(5):780-795.
[31]Lee S,Cho L,Cho J.Unsteady aerodynamic analysis and wake simulation of helicopter rotors using the time-domain panel method[J].Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences,2012,55(1):21-29.
[32]Blower C J,Dhruv A,Wickenheiser A M.A two-dimensional iterative panel method and boundary layer model for bioinspired multi-body wings[J].Proc.of SPIE,2014,9055(13):1-13.
[33]苏玉民,黄胜.船舶螺旋桨理论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2013.Su Y M,Huang S.The theory of marine propeller[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2013.
[34]董世汤,王国强,唐登海,等.船舶推进器水动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2009.Dong Shitang,Wang Guoqiang,Tang Denghai,et al.Hydrodynamics of ship propeller[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2009.
[35]Korotkin A I.Added masses of ship structures[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2008,88.
[36]戴遗山.舰船在波浪中运动的频域与时域势流理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.Dai Yishan.Frequency domain and time domain potential flow theory of ship motions in waves[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1988.
[2]Gaoyu L,Kun L,Donglin Z,et al.Development of a semi-active dynamic vibration absorber for longitudinal vibration of propulsion shaft system based on magnetorheological elastomer[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2017,26(7):075009.
[3]Zou D,Zhang J,Ta N,et al.The hydroelastic analysis of marine propellers with consideration of the effect of the shaft[J].Ocean Engineering,2017,131(1):95-106.
[4]Zou D,Liu L,Rao Z,et al.Coupled longitudinal-transverse dynamics of a marine propulsion shafting under primary and internal resonances[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,372(1):299-316.
[5]Zou D L,Rao Z S,Ta N.Coupled longitudinal-transverse dynamics of a marine propulsion shafting under superharmonic resonances[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2015,346(1):248-264.
[6]Mac Pherson D M,Puleo V R,Packard M B.Estimation of entrained water added mass properties for vibration analysis[C].The Society of Naval Architects&Marine Engineers,New England Section,2007.
[7]Carlton J.Marine propellers and propulsion[M].Butterworth Heinemann,2012.
[8]中华人民共和国船舶检验局海船规范研究所.船舶柴油机轴系纵振计算[S].行业标准-船舶,1984.Institute of Marine Ship Codes,Ship Inspection Bureau of the People’s Republic of China.Calculation of longitudinal vibration of ship diesel engine shafting[S].Industry Standard-Ships,1984.
[9]船舶检验局海船规范研究所,708所.船舶推进轴系回旋振动计算方法[S].行业标准-船舶,1984.Institute of Marine Codes,Ship Inspection Bureau,The 708 institutes.Calculation method of bending vibration of ship propulsion shafting[S].Industry Standard-Ships,1984.
[10]上海船用柴油机研究所,沪东造船厂,舰艇柴油机轴系扭转振动计算[S].行业标准-船舶,1985.Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute,Hudong Shipyard.Torsional vibration calculation for ship diesel engine shafting[S].Industry Standard-Ships,1985.
[11]Burrill L C,Robson W.Virtual mass and moment of inertia of propellers[J].Trans.Norh East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders,1962,78(1):325-360.
[12]Wereldsma R.Experiments on vibrating propeller models[J].International Shipbulding Progress,1965,12(1):130-138.
[13]Wijk J M v.Added mass moment of inertia of centrifugal dredge pump impellers[C].Proceedings of the ICE-Maritime Engineering,2014,167:135-143.
[14]Hylarides S.Hydrodynamic reactions to propeller vibrations[C]//in Proceeding of the Conference on Operational Aspects of Propulsion Shafting Systems.London,1979:44-45.
[15]Schwanecke H.Gedanken wur frage de hydrodynamischen erregungen des propellers und der wellenleitung[J].STG,1963,57(1):134-139.
[16]Vassilopoulos L T M.Prediction of propeller hydrodynamic coefficients using unsteady lifting surface theory[C]//In Propellers81 Symposium,Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.New York,1981.
[17]Salehyar S,Zhu Q.Aerodynamic dissipation effects on the rotating blades of floating wind turbines[J].Renewable Energy,2015,78(1):119-127.
[18]Gaschler M,Abdel-Maksoud M.Computation of hydrodynamic mass and damping coefficients for a cavitating marine propeller flow using a panel method[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2014,49(1):574-593.
[19]van Esch B,van Hooijdonk J,Bulten N.Quantification of hydrodynamic forces due to torsional and axial vibrations in ship propellers[C]//in ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting.American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2013.
[20]Blevins R D.Flow-induced vibration[M].Medium:X;Size:Pages,1990:451.
[21]Ghassemi H,Yari E.The added mass coefficient computation of sphere,ellipsoid and marine propellers using boundary element method[J].Polish Maritime Research,2011,18(1):17-26.
[22]Hutchison S,Steen S,Sanghani A.Numerical investigation of ducted propeller added mass[C].in Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Marine Propulsors smp,2013.
[23]郭益民.采用PARSONS公式计算螺旋桨附连水的惯量和质量(英文)[C]//2002年大连国际海事技术交流会.中国辽宁大连,2002.Guo Yiming.The inertia and mass of propeller attached water are calculated by PARSONS formula[C]//In 2002 Dalian International Maritime Technical Exchange.Dalian,Liaoning,China,2002.
[24]李泓运,王纬波,曾志波.复合材料螺旋桨的铺层对桨叶强度和干湿模态的影响[C]//第十四届船舶水下噪声学术讨论会.中国重庆,2013.Li Hongyun,Wang Weibo,Zeng Zhibo.Effects of composite propeller layering on blade strength and dry-wet modal[C]//14th Symposium on Underwater Noise of Ships.Chongqing,China,2013.
[25]李华东,朱锡,罗忠,等.附连水质量的边界元法求解[J].海军工程大学学报,2009(02):45-49.Li Huadong,Zhu Xi,Luo Zhong,et al.Boundary element method for solving added mass of structure[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2009(02):45-49.
[26]林超友,朱军.潜艇近海底航行附加质量数值计算[J].船舶工程,2003(01):26-29.Lin Chaoyou,Zhu Jun.Numerical computation of added mass of submarine maneuvering with small clearance to sea-bottom[J].Ship Engineering,2003(01):26-29.
[27]王中,卢晓平,王玮.片体干扰对三体船附加质量和附加惯性矩的影响研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2009(02):83-87,106.Wang Zhong,Lu Xiaoping,Wang Wei.On interaction among three bodies to trimaran additional mass and additional inertia moment[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2009(02):83-87,106.
[28]朱仁传,郭海强,缪国平,等.一种基于CFD理论船舶附加质量与阻尼的计算方法[J].上海交通大学学报,2009(02):198-203.Zhu Renchuan,Guo Haiqiang,Miao Guoping,et al.A computational method for evaluation of added mass and damping of ship based on CFD theory[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009(02):198-203.
[29]Lee S,Cho L,Cho J.Study on the extraction of aerodynamic coefficients for the development of an UAV simulator using the unsteady time-domain panel method[J].Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences,2014,57(4):187-194.
[30]Greco L,et al.Marine propellers performance and flow-field prediction by a free-wake panel method[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2014,26(5):780-795.
[31]Lee S,Cho L,Cho J.Unsteady aerodynamic analysis and wake simulation of helicopter rotors using the time-domain panel method[J].Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences,2012,55(1):21-29.
[32]Blower C J,Dhruv A,Wickenheiser A M.A two-dimensional iterative panel method and boundary layer model for bioinspired multi-body wings[J].Proc.of SPIE,2014,9055(13):1-13.
[33]苏玉民,黄胜.船舶螺旋桨理论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2013.Su Y M,Huang S.The theory of marine propeller[M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2013.
[34]董世汤,王国强,唐登海,等.船舶推进器水动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2009.Dong Shitang,Wang Guoqiang,Tang Denghai,et al.Hydrodynamics of ship propeller[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2009.
[35]Korotkin A I.Added masses of ship structures[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2008,88.
[36]戴遗山.舰船在波浪中运动的频域与时域势流理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1998.Dai Yishan.Frequency domain and time domain potential flow theory of ship motions in waves[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1988.