广西玉林市大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳污染特征分析
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摘要
2015年7月~2016年3月期间在广西玉林市3个空气监测点位共采集环境大气颗粒物PM_(10)样品218份,PM_(2.5)样品202份,利用多波段热/光碳分析仪分析其颗粒物中有机碳和(OC)和元素碳(EC)浓度水平、时空变化、污染特征及可能来源.结果表明,玉林市PM_(10)中OC和EC质量浓度分别为10.99μg·m~(-3)和5.11μg·m~(-3);PM_(2.5)中OC和EC质量浓度分别为7.51μg·m~(-3)和4.70μg·m~(-3).3个监测点位大气中PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)冬季的OC和EC浓度水平均高于其他季节,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)中OC和EC的相关性较好,R2分别为0.58和0.60(P均小于0.01).应用最小OC/EC比值法对二次有机碳(SOC)含量进行了估算,冬季大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中SOC平均质量浓度分别为14.50μg·m~(-3)和6.74μg·m~(-3),高于其他季节.PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中SOC/OC比值均>0.5,玉林市大气中粗细颗粒物均以SOC为主.夏季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中SOC/OC分别为80.6%和77.7%,为四季最高值,与夏季温度较高、光照强烈、有利于光化学反应将OC转化为SOC有关.
Two hundred eighteen PM_(10) and 202 PM_(2.5) samples were collected at three sampling sites to study the pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Yulin from July 2015 to March 2016.Organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC) in the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples were analyzed by a Multiwavelength Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer,and the characteristics,including pollution levels,temporal and spatial distributions,and possible sources of OC and EC,were investigated.The results showed that the OC and EC mass concentrations in PM_(10) in Yulin were 10.99 and 5.11 μg·m~(-3),respectively,while the OC and EC mass concentrations in PM_(2.5) were 7.51 and 4.70 μg·m~(-3),respectively.Strong correlations between OC and EC were found in PM_(10)(R2=0.58) and PM_(2.5)(R2=0.60).The winter average concentrations of secondary organic carbon(SOC) in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were 14.50μg·m~(-3) and 6.74 μg·m~(-3),respectively.The SOC/OC ratios in both the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were higher than 0.5.The contribution of SOC to OC was 80.6% in PM_(10) and 77.7% in PM_(2.5),which were the highest in the summer,in accordance with the high temperature and strong solar radiation in the summer.
Two hundred eighteen PM_(10) and 202 PM_(2.5) samples were collected at three sampling sites to study the pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Yulin from July 2015 to March 2016.Organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC) in the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples were analyzed by a Multiwavelength Thermal/Optical Carbon Analyzer,and the characteristics,including pollution levels,temporal and spatial distributions,and possible sources of OC and EC,were investigated.The results showed that the OC and EC mass concentrations in PM_(10) in Yulin were 10.99 and 5.11 μg·m~(-3),respectively,while the OC and EC mass concentrations in PM_(2.5) were 7.51 and 4.70 μg·m~(-3),respectively.Strong correlations between OC and EC were found in PM_(10)(R2=0.58) and PM_(2.5)(R2=0.60).The winter average concentrations of secondary organic carbon(SOC) in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were 14.50μg·m~(-3) and 6.74 μg·m~(-3),respectively.The SOC/OC ratios in both the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were higher than 0.5.The contribution of SOC to OC was 80.6% in PM_(10) and 77.7% in PM_(2.5),which were the highest in the summer,in accordance with the high temperature and strong solar radiation in the summer.
引文
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[3]王杨君,董亚萍,冯加良,等.上海市PM2.5中含碳物质的特征和影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(8):1755-1761.Wang Y J,Dong Y P,Feng J L,et al.Characteristics and influencing factors of carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5in Shanghai,China[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(8):1755-1761.
[4]朱李华,陶俊,张仁健,等.冬夏季广州城区碳气溶胶特征及其与O3和气象条件的关联[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(10):1942-1949.Zhu L H,Tao J,Zhang R J,et al.Characteristics of the carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5and its relation to O3and meteorological conditions in the urban Guangzhou area in winter and summer[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(10):1942-1949.
[5]张予燕,俞美香,任兰,等.南京大气细颗粒中有机碳与元素碳污染特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(4):30-32.Zhang Y Y,Yu M X,Ren L,et al.Organic and element carbon pollution characteristics of atmospheric fine particles in Nanjing[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2012,24(4):30-32.
[6]吴梦龙,郭照冰,刘凤玲,等.南京市PM2.1中有机碳和元素碳污染特征及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(7):1160-1166.Wu M L,Guo Z B,Liu F L,et al.Pollution characteristics and influencing factors of organic and elemental carbon in PM2.1in Nanjing[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(7):1160-1166.
[7]张伟,姬亚芹,李金,等.鞍山市夏冬季PM2.5中碳组分化学特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(5):1657-1662.Zhang W,Ji Y Q,Li J,et al.The characteristics and source apportionment of carbon fractions in PM2.5during summer-winter period in Anshan city[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(5):1657-1662.
[8]Li W F,Bai Z P.Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Tianjin,China[J].Particuology,2009,7(6):432-437.
[9]Schauer J J,Kleeman M J,Cass G R,et al.Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources.5.C1-C32organic compounds from gasoline-powered motor vehicles[J].Environmental science&technology,2002,36(6):1169-1180.
[10]Chen Y J,Zhi G R,Feng Y L,et al.Measurements of emission factors for primary carbonaceous particles from residential rawcoal combustion in China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(20):L20815.
[11]Watson J G,Chow J C,Houck J E.PM2.5chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust,vegetative burning,geological material,and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995[J].Chemosphere,2001,43(8):1141-1151.
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[14]Ho K F,Lee S C,Cao J J,et al.Variability of organic and elemental carbon,water soluble organic carbon,and isotopes in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2006,6(12):4569-4576.
[15]窦筱艳,徐珣,刘宇,等.西宁市城区冬季PM2.5和PM10中有机碳、元素碳污染特征[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(2):44-49.Dou X Y,Xu X,Liu Y,et al.Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM2.5and PM10in Xining in the winter[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(2):44-49.
[16]胡起超,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.厦门市冬季大气PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J].地球与环境,2016,44(3):336-341.Hu Q C,Hu G R,Yu R L,et al.Characteristics of organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC)in PM2.5in winter in Xiamen city,China[J].Earth and environment,2016,44(3):336-341.
[17]陈衍婷,陈进生,胡恭任,等.福建省三大城市冬季PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1988-1994.Chen Y T,Chen J S,Hu G R,et al.Characterization of organic carbon(OC)and elemental carbon(EC)in PM2.5during the winter in three major cities in Fujian province,China[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(5):1988-1994.
[18]田鹏山,曹军骥,韩永明,等.关中地区冬季PM2.5中碳气溶胶的污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):427-433.Tian P S,Cao J J,Han Y M,et al.Pollution characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosol in PM2.5during winter in Guanzhong area[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(2):427-433.
[19]赖森潮,叶计朋,邹世春,等.广州冬季PM10和PM2.5中有机碳与元素碳浓度水平及分布特征[J].过程工程学报,2004,4(S1):711-716.Lai S C,Ye J P,Zou S C,et al.Characterizations on carbonaceous aerosols in PM10and PM2.5during winter period in Guangzhou,China[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2004,4(S1):711-716.
[20]彭超,翟崇治,王欢博,等.万州城区夏季、冬季PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳的浓度特征[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1638-1644.Peng C,Zhai C Z,Wang H B,et al.Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM2.5in the urban Wanzhou area in summer and winter[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(6):1638-1644.
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[23]Turpin B J,Huntzicker J J.Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(23):3527-3544.
[24]Castro L M,Pio C A,Harrison R M,et al.Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres:estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(17):2771-2781.
[25]詹鹃铭,刘永红,林琳,等.2014年冬季珠三角区域典型城市PM2.5污染时空关联特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(1):110-120.Zhan J M,Liu Y H,Lin L,et al.Investigation of spatial and temporal association of PM2.5pollution during winter 2014 in typical cities of pearl river delta[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(1):110-120.