南京青奥会期间不同天气型气溶胶数浓度分布特征
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摘要
该文利用WPS、β射线测尘仪、EMS污染气体监测系统的观测数据,结合观测期间天气形势,分析了青奥会期间南京不同天气型下气溶胶数浓度和污染气体的分布特征。结果表明:观测期间气溶胶数浓度平均为7 302个/cm~3,污染气体(NOx、O_3、SO_2、CO)平均浓度分别为23.09、55.1、8.7和867.3μg/m~3。不同天气型下气溶胶粒径分布差异较大,鞍型场(Ⅱ)、副热带高压(Ⅴ)和冷涡(Ⅲ)控制下数浓度谱呈单峰型分布;大陆高压和热带气旋外围(Ⅰ)控制下数浓度谱呈双峰型分布;冷高压(Ⅳ)控制下数浓度谱呈三峰型分布。同时日浓度变化差异也大,N_(10~300 nm)在Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型呈三峰型,在Ⅱ型、Ⅴ型呈双峰型;NOx和CO在Ⅰ型分别呈三峰型和单峰型,其余都是双峰型;O_3一直呈单峰型。
Based on the observation data of WPS, ray β dust instrument and EMS pollution gases monitoring system, combined with the weather situation during observation period, the distribution characteristics of aerosol number concentration and polluted gases under different weather situations were analyzed in Nanjing during the Youth Olympic Games. The results showed that average concentrations of aerosols and pollutants such as NOx, O_3, SO_2, CO were 7 302/cm~3, 23.09 μg/m~3,55.1 μg/m~3, 8.7 μg/m~3 and 867.3 μg/m~3 during the observation period, respectively. The distribution of aerosol particle size was different in different weather types. The number concentration spectrum under the saddle field(the type Ⅱ), the subtropical anticyclone control(the type Ⅴ) and the cold vortex(the type Ⅲ) control showed a single peak distribution. The number concentration spectrum under the continental high atmospheric pressure and outer periphery of tropical cyclone(the typeⅠ) control showed a bimodal distribution. The number concentration spectrum under the cold anticyclone(the type Ⅳ) control showed the three peak distribution. Meanwhile the daily concentration changes were also large, N_(10~300nm)was the three peak in the type I, the type Ⅲ and the type Ⅳ. It was the double peak in the type Ⅱ and the type Ⅴ. NOxand CO were the three peak and single peak in the type I respectively, in the rest types were the double peak. O_3 had been a single peak distribution.
Based on the observation data of WPS, ray β dust instrument and EMS pollution gases monitoring system, combined with the weather situation during observation period, the distribution characteristics of aerosol number concentration and polluted gases under different weather situations were analyzed in Nanjing during the Youth Olympic Games. The results showed that average concentrations of aerosols and pollutants such as NOx, O_3, SO_2, CO were 7 302/cm~3, 23.09 μg/m~3,55.1 μg/m~3, 8.7 μg/m~3 and 867.3 μg/m~3 during the observation period, respectively. The distribution of aerosol particle size was different in different weather types. The number concentration spectrum under the saddle field(the type Ⅱ), the subtropical anticyclone control(the type Ⅴ) and the cold vortex(the type Ⅲ) control showed a single peak distribution. The number concentration spectrum under the continental high atmospheric pressure and outer periphery of tropical cyclone(the typeⅠ) control showed a bimodal distribution. The number concentration spectrum under the cold anticyclone(the type Ⅳ) control showed the three peak distribution. Meanwhile the daily concentration changes were also large, N_(10~300nm)was the three peak in the type I, the type Ⅲ and the type Ⅳ. It was the double peak in the type Ⅱ and the type Ⅴ. NOxand CO were the three peak and single peak in the type I respectively, in the rest types were the double peak. O_3 had been a single peak distribution.
引文
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[2]Pryor S C,Barthelmie R J.REVEAL II:seasonality and spatial variability of particle and visibility conditions in the Fraser Valley[J].Science of the Total Environment,2000,257(2/3):95-100.
[3]Quan J,Gao Y,Zhang Q,et al.Evolution of planetary boundary layer under different weather conditions and its impact on aerosol concentrations[J].Particuology,2013,11(1):34-40.
[4]Zhang Q,Quan J,Tie X,et al.Effects of meteorology and secondary particle formation on visibility during heavy haze events in Beijing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,502:578-584.
[5]Ostro B,Feng W Y,Broadwin R.The effects of components of fine particulate air pollution on mortality in California:results from CALFINE[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(1):13-19.
[6]Seinfeld JH,Pandis SN.Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics:From Air Pollution to Climate Change[M].New York,NY:Wiley,1997.
[7]Whitby K,Sverdrup G.California aerosols-their physical and chemical characteristics[J].Environ Sci Technol,1980,9:477.
[8]Tareq H,Miikka D M,Tuukka P,et al.Evaluation of an automatic algorithm for fitting the particle number size distributions[J].Boreal Environment Research,2005,10:337-355.
[9]胡敏,刘尚,吴志军,等.北京夏季高温高湿和降水过程对大气颗粒物谱分布的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(11):2293-2298.Hu Min,Liu Shang,Wu Zhijun,et al.Effect of high temperature,high humidity and precipitation on the distribution of atmospheric particulate matter in summer of Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(11):2293-2298.
[10]陈义诊,柴发合,魏强.北京市冬季气溶胶粒子尺度谱分布研究[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(1):80-84.Chen Yizhen,Chai Fahe,Wei Qiang.Study on the distribution of aerosol particles in winter in Beijing[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(1):80-84.
[11]Weher B,Wiedensohler A.Long term measurements of submicrometer urban aerosols:statistical analysis for correlations with meteorogical conditions and trace gases[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2003,3:867-879.
[12]Hussein T,Puustinen A,Aalto P P,et al.Urban aerosol number size distributions[J].Atmospheric Chemistrys&Physics,2004,4:391-411.
[13]Woo K S,Chen D R,Pui D Y H,et al.Measurement of Atlanta aerosol size distributions:observations of ultrafine particle events[J].Aerosol Science&Technology,2010,34(1):75-87.
[14]梁思,马楠,徐婉筠,等.天津郊区夏季气溶胶谱分布特征观测研究[J].北京大学学报,2012,48(2):246-252.Liang Si,Ma Nan,Xu Wanyun,et al.Observational study of aerosol spectral distribution in the suburbs of Tianjin[J].Journal of Peking University,2012,48(2):246-252.
[15]黄红莲,黄印博,饶瑞中.合肥地区气溶胶数浓度和谱分布特征的观测研究[J].红外与激光工程,2006,35:390-395.Huang Honglian,Huang Yinbo,Rao Ruizhong.The observation study on aerosol number concentration and spectral distribution in Hefei area[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35:390-395.
[16]岳玎利,钟流举,沈劲,等.珠三角地区不同季节颗粒物数谱分布特性[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(2):29-34.Yue Dingli,Zhong Liuju,Shen Jin,et al.Distribution characteristics of the number of particles in different seasons in the Pearl River Delta region[J].China Environmental Monitoring,2015,31(2):29-34.
[17]Birmili W,Wiedensohler A,Heintzenberg J,et al.Atmospheric particle number size distribution in central Europe:statistical relations to air masses and meteorology[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2001,106(D23):32005-32018.
[18]Hussein T,Karppinen A,Kukkonen J,et al.Meteorological dependence of size-fractionated number concentrations of urban aerosol particles[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40:1427-1440.
[19]李瑞芃,石金辉,张代洲.天气条件及气团来源对青岛春季大气颗粒物数浓度谱分布的影响[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1392-1399.Li Ruipeng,Shi Jinhui,Zhang Daizhou.Impact of weather conditions and air mass sources on number concentration spectrum distribution of Qingdao atmospheric particle in spring[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(8):1392-1399.
[20]王宏,冯宏芳,隋平.福州市空气高污染与气象条件关系[J].气象科技,2009,37(6):676-681.Wang Hong,Feng Hongfang,Sui Ping.The relationship between air pollution and meteorological conditions in Fuzhou[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2009,37(6):676-681.
[21]Yang H,Yu J Z,Ho S S H,et al.The chemical composition of inorganic and carbonaceous materials in PM2.5in Nanjing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(20):3735-3749.
[22]王珏,孟维宸,张奇漪,等.南京市灰霾期间颗粒物污染的主要影响源识别[J].环境保护科学,2012,38(4):6-11.Wang Jue,Meng Weichen,Zhang Qiyi,et al.The main particulate pollution source identification during haze in Nanjing[J].Environmental Protection Science,2012,38(4):6-11.
[23]Zhu B,Wang H L,Shen L J.Aerosol spectra and new particle formation observed in various seasons in Nanjing[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2013,30(6):1632-1644.
[24]傅瑜,王体健,黄晓娴,等.南京地区典型霾天气个例特征的比较分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(6):1620-1628.Fu Yu,Wang Tijian,Huang Xiaoxian,et al.Comparative analysis of typical characteristics of typical haze weather in Nanjing[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2015,35(6):1620-1628.
[25]王飞,朱彬,康汉清,等.影响南京地区的两次典型空气污染过程分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(10):3647-3655.Wang Fei,Zhu Bin,Kang Hanqing,et al.Analysis of two typical air pollution processes in Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(10):3647-3655.
[26]汤莉莉,江蓉馨,王月华,等.2013年1月南京强霾时期大气细颗粒物污染特征分析[J].环境工程,2016,34(3):86-92.Tang Lili,Jiang Rongxin,Wang Yuehua,et al.Characteristics analysis of pollution of atmospheric fine particles in the strong haze period of January 2013 in Nanjing[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(3):86-92.
[27]李用宇,朱彬,安俊琳,等.南京北郊秋季VOCs及其光化学特征观测研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):2933-2942.Li Yongyu,Zhu Bin,An Junlin,et al.Observation of VOCs and its photochemical characteristics in autumn,Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(8):2933-2942.
[28]Hussein T,Heikkinen M S A.Indoor and outdoor particle size characterization at a family house in Espoo–Finland[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(20):3697-3709.
[29]谭稳,银燕,郭莉,等.南京夏季清洁与污染区气溶胶微物理特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(S1):280-286.Tan Wen,Yin Yan,Guo Li,et al.Microphysical characteristics analysis of aerosol in clean and polluted area in summer of Nanjing[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,33(S1):280-286.
[30]谢放尖,李文青,喻义勇,等.南京青奥期间空气质量保障措施及绩效研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2015,40(4):78-80.Xie Fangjian,Li Wenqing,Yu Yiyong,et al.Study on air quality pretection measures and performance during the Nanjing Youth Olympic Games[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2015,40(4):78-80.
[31]李荔,刘倩,李冰,等.南京青奥会期间管控措施空气质量改善效果评估[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(2):175-182.Li Li,Liu Qian,Li Bing,et al.Evaluation of air quality improvement effect of control measures in Nanjing Youth Olympic Games[J].Environmental Science Research,2016,29(2):175-182.
[32]袁亮,银燕,李琦,等.亚青会期间南京地区气溶胶浓度变化及其与能见度的关系[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4052-4060.Yuan Liang,Yin Yan,Li Qi,et al.The relationship between the aerosols concentrations change and visibility in Nanjing during the Asian Youth Council[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(11):4052-4060.
[33]孟燕军,程丛兰.影响北京大气污染物变化的地面天气形势分析[J].气象,2002,28(4):42-47.Meng Yanjun,Cheng Conglan.Analysis of the influence of the ground weather on the change of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing[J].Meteorology,2002,28(4):42-47.
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