架空输电线路金具腐蚀分析及防护对策
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摘要
架空输电线路金具的腐蚀速度一般较快,且位于高空不便维护。为此,以广西、湖南地区架空输电线路金具腐蚀为例,通过宏观形貌检查、力学性能实验、X衍射物相分析、电子显微分析、电化学测试和镀锌层厚度测量,分析金具的腐蚀机理和规律,提出了有针对性的金具腐蚀防护对策。分析结果表明:金具腐蚀引发截面尺寸减小、抗拉强度降低、材质变脆这3种失效形式;硫是促进金具腐蚀的关键因素,拉应力和微动摩擦也加剧了金具的腐蚀。因此,在腐蚀较重的工业区,为保障电网运行安全,金具应采取加强防腐措施,镀锌厚度宜增加到192μm以上。
For overhead power transmission lines,the fittings' corrosion rate is fast and maintenance is inconvenient due to the high altitude. The fittings of overhead transmission lines in Hunan and Guangxi province were investigated by means of macro-morphology examinations,mechanical property tests,X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,scanning electron microscope (SEM) , electrochemical tests and zinc coating thickness measurement. Then the mechanism and behavior of fittings corrosion were discussed and the protection measures were proposed. The results show that three failure forms of cross section size decreasing, tensile strength decreasing and material brittle are caused by fittings corrosion; sulfur is the critical factor of fitting corrosion; the fittings corrosion is increased by both tensile stress and fretting friction. Therefore,the anti-corrosion measures for fittings in heavycorrosion industrial areas should be strengthened and the zinc coating thickness should be increased to more than 192 μm, in order to ensure the safety operation of power grid.
For overhead power transmission lines,the fittings' corrosion rate is fast and maintenance is inconvenient due to the high altitude. The fittings of overhead transmission lines in Hunan and Guangxi province were investigated by means of macro-morphology examinations,mechanical property tests,X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,scanning electron microscope (SEM) , electrochemical tests and zinc coating thickness measurement. Then the mechanism and behavior of fittings corrosion were discussed and the protection measures were proposed. The results show that three failure forms of cross section size decreasing, tensile strength decreasing and material brittle are caused by fittings corrosion; sulfur is the critical factor of fitting corrosion; the fittings corrosion is increased by both tensile stress and fretting friction. Therefore,the anti-corrosion measures for fittings in heavycorrosion industrial areas should be strengthened and the zinc coating thickness should be increased to more than 192 μm, in order to ensure the safety operation of power grid.
引文
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[6]张龚,曾光明,蒋益民,等.湖南省酸雨变化特征、现状及成因分析[J].环境科学研究,2003,16(5):14-17.
[7]邵天晓.架空送电线路的电线力学计算[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:365-368.
[8]黎学明,刘强,孔令峰,等.模拟酸雨溶液中应力对镀锌钢绞线腐蚀行为影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2008,20(1):44-46.
[9]徐丽,陈跃良,卞贵学,等.铝合金微动腐蚀损伤机制及防护措施[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2012,24(3),256-257.
[10]DL/T768.7—2002电力金具制造质量钢铁件热镀锌层[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[2]车德竞,张万友,张大全,等.输电线路合成绝缘子端部金具的腐蚀研究[J].腐蚀与防护,2004,25(11):461.
[3]GB/T2314—2008电力金具通用技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[4]黄建中,左禹.材料的耐蚀性和腐蚀数据[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:317,406-416.
[5]王安群,邹润莉,罗文华,等.湖南省酸雨污染现状特征分析及发展趋势研究[J].绿色科技,2011(5):3.
[6]张龚,曾光明,蒋益民,等.湖南省酸雨变化特征、现状及成因分析[J].环境科学研究,2003,16(5):14-17.
[7]邵天晓.架空送电线路的电线力学计算[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:365-368.
[8]黎学明,刘强,孔令峰,等.模拟酸雨溶液中应力对镀锌钢绞线腐蚀行为影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2008,20(1):44-46.
[9]徐丽,陈跃良,卞贵学,等.铝合金微动腐蚀损伤机制及防护措施[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2012,24(3),256-257.
[10]DL/T768.7—2002电力金具制造质量钢铁件热镀锌层[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.