渐变巴伦馈电的超宽带天线单元及阵列研究
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摘要
为了满足超宽带电子系统对天线的需求,研究了强互耦超宽带天线单元及阵列.首先设计了能够满足强耦合线极化的天线单元,然后研究了超宽带相控阵天线阵,设计了10×10天线单元组成的阵列.以此为基础,利用高频电磁场仿真软件在二维周期环境中模拟了无限大周期阵列.结果表明,在满足尺寸约束的前提下实现了二维周期边界下超宽带阵列的功能要求,同时,解决了强互耦效应下超宽带无限大偶极子相控阵进行全阵列仿真耗时极多、难度极大的问题.为了解决阵列单元如何有效馈电的问题,在分析了天线单元结构设计的基础上,研究了渐变结构巴伦的馈电特性,并将这种馈电结构与上述强耦合超宽带天线单元相结合,对单元结构和馈电方式进行了优化,实现了超宽带馈电的效果.加工了天线阵列并在微波暗室中对不同频点进行了测试,测试结果与仿真结果吻合.从测试结果可以看出,主平面辐射方向图在不同频点内的最大扫描角波束峰值增益均大于5dBi,最大达到20dBi,满足设计要求.说明所设计的阵列天线能够应用于实际微波系统中.
In order to meet the requirement of ultra-wideband(UWB)electronic system,the strong mutual coupling UWB antenna element and array are investigated in this paper.Firstly,the antenna element is designed to satisfy the linear polarization and the strong coupling.Then the UWB phased antenna array is studied,and the array consisting of 10×10 antenna elements is designed.The high frequency electromagnetic field simulation software is used to compute the infinite large period array in the 2D periodic environment.The function of the UWB arrays under 2D periodic boundaries can be realized with limited size.Meanwhile,the problem of full array simulation of ultra wideband infinite dipole phased array with strong mutual coupling effect is solved.To make array element work more effectively,we further study the gradient Barron feeding structure on the basis of analysis of the antenna unit structure design in detail.The feed method is optimized by combining the gradient structure and the strong coupling UWB antenna unit to achieve the effect of UWB feed.Finally,the antenna array sample is fabricated and tested at the different frequency in the microwave chamber,and the results agree well with the simulation data.The test results show that the main surface radiation pattern beam peak gain in the maximum scan angle at different frequency are greater than 5 dBi,up to 20 dBi maximum,which meets the design requirements.Thus,the designed array antenna can be applied to actual microwave system.
In order to meet the requirement of ultra-wideband(UWB)electronic system,the strong mutual coupling UWB antenna element and array are investigated in this paper.Firstly,the antenna element is designed to satisfy the linear polarization and the strong coupling.Then the UWB phased antenna array is studied,and the array consisting of 10×10 antenna elements is designed.The high frequency electromagnetic field simulation software is used to compute the infinite large period array in the 2D periodic environment.The function of the UWB arrays under 2D periodic boundaries can be realized with limited size.Meanwhile,the problem of full array simulation of ultra wideband infinite dipole phased array with strong mutual coupling effect is solved.To make array element work more effectively,we further study the gradient Barron feeding structure on the basis of analysis of the antenna unit structure design in detail.The feed method is optimized by combining the gradient structure and the strong coupling UWB antenna unit to achieve the effect of UWB feed.Finally,the antenna array sample is fabricated and tested at the different frequency in the microwave chamber,and the results agree well with the simulation data.The test results show that the main surface radiation pattern beam peak gain in the maximum scan angle at different frequency are greater than 5 dBi,up to 20 dBi maximum,which meets the design requirements.Thus,the designed array antenna can be applied to actual microwave system.
引文
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[2]BAO L Z,ZONG X,NIE Z,et al.Design and discussion of a broadband cross-dipole with high isolation and low cross-polarisation utilising strong mutual coupling[J].IET microwaves,antennas&propagation,2014,8(5):315-322.
[3]ALLEC N,HASSAN Z,DICK R P,et al.Thermal scope:multi-scale thermal analysis for nanometerscale integrated circuits[C]//IEEE International Conference on Computer-aided Design.San Jose,CA,November 10-13,2008:603-610.
[4]MICHAEL B S.Multi physics multi scale modeling of microwave circuits and systems hybridizing circuits,electromagnetic and thermal modeling[C]//IEEE Micro-wave,Radar and Wireless Communications,May 17-19,2004,3:1097-1105.
[5]DOGRUL M,COLLINS P J,SAVILLE M,et al.Simulation of improved bandwidth conformal bow-tie antennas for remote sensing printed on multi-scale triangular-patch high impedance ground planes[C]//IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Boston,MA,July 7-11,2008:1402-1405.
[6]APOSTOLOV P.Three-element broadband narrow beam without side lobes array antenna[J].IET microwaves,antennas&propagation,2016,10(11):1212-1217.
[7]BAEKELANDT L B,OLYSLAGER F,ZUTTER D D.An analysis of uniaxial bianisotropic two-dimensional periodic and nonperiodic structures using a boundary integral equation method[J].Radio science,1997,32(4):1361-1374.
[8]CONGSI M W,HONG B,FUSHUN Z,et al.Analysis of electrical performances of planar active phased array antennas with distorted array plane[J].Journal of systems engineering and electronics,2009,20(4):726-731.
[9]WASYLKIWSKYI A W.Mutual coupling effects in semi-infinite arrays[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,1973,21(3):277-285.
[10]ZHANG H,YANG S,CHEN Y,et al.Wideband dual-polarized linear array of tightly coupled elements[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,2018,66(1):476-480.