金属基复合材料高通量制备及表征技术研究进展
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摘要
"材料基因工程"计划是以大数据作为支撑,采用高通量设计、制备和表征技术,促使材料研究从传统的试错模式转向低成本、快速响应的新模式,从而加快新材料的研发速度,实现研发成本和周期"双减半"的目标。金属基复合材料由于组分复杂、制备过程为热力学非平衡状态,带来一些新的问题需要解决,包括:(1)高通量制备方法方面,针对合金块体样品开发的喷印合成法、多元结扩散法等基于热力学平衡理论的高通量制备技术无法直接用于金属基复合材料构件块体坯料的制造;(2)高通量表征技术方面,缺乏针对金属基复合材料单一样品成分、形貌、组织、结构和性能的多维、多场、多尺度同步采集技术,以及针对阵列样品成分、形貌、组织与结构的快速表征技术。鉴于上述问题,本文综述了金属基复合材料高通量制备及表征技术发展现状及已取得的进展,特别是在增强体呈梯度分布的金属基复合材料制备技术与高通量组合表征方法上取得的突破,推动了高通量制备及表征技术在金属基复合材料领域的应用。最后指出了金属基复合材料高通量计算、制备方法和表征技术方面存在的瓶颈问题,并对高通量制备与表征技术的发展进行了展望。
The "material genetic engineering" plan, based on the large data, is to investigate the high throughput design, fabrication and characterization techniques with the aim to shift the material research from traditional mode to high throughput mode with low cost and fast response speed, and to accelerate the research and development of new materials and achieve the goal of "double reduction halves". As the metal matrix composites(MMCs) exhibit multi-components and a thermodynamically non-equilibrium state during fabrication, some key issues occur and need to be addressed including:(1) for high throughput fabrication, currently developed high throughput technologies based on thermodynamically equilibrium conditions, such as spray printing and multi-node diffusion methods, are not applicable for MMCs;(2)for high throughput characterization, there is a lack of multi-dimensional, field and scale acquisition technique for the composition, morphology, microstructure and property of MMCs. In order to solve these problems, the progress on the research and development of high throughput fabrication and characterization techniques of MMCs was reviewed, especially, in the field of gradient reinforced MMCs and their high throughput combination characterization methods, which may promote the application of high throughput fabrication and characterization techniques in MMCs. Finally, the bottlenecks and prospects in the high throughput fabrication and characterization of MMCs are proposed.
The "material genetic engineering" plan, based on the large data, is to investigate the high throughput design, fabrication and characterization techniques with the aim to shift the material research from traditional mode to high throughput mode with low cost and fast response speed, and to accelerate the research and development of new materials and achieve the goal of "double reduction halves". As the metal matrix composites(MMCs) exhibit multi-components and a thermodynamically non-equilibrium state during fabrication, some key issues occur and need to be addressed including:(1) for high throughput fabrication, currently developed high throughput technologies based on thermodynamically equilibrium conditions, such as spray printing and multi-node diffusion methods, are not applicable for MMCs;(2)for high throughput characterization, there is a lack of multi-dimensional, field and scale acquisition technique for the composition, morphology, microstructure and property of MMCs. In order to solve these problems, the progress on the research and development of high throughput fabrication and characterization techniques of MMCs was reviewed, especially, in the field of gradient reinforced MMCs and their high throughput combination characterization methods, which may promote the application of high throughput fabrication and characterization techniques in MMCs. Finally, the bottlenecks and prospects in the high throughput fabrication and characterization of MMCs are proposed.
引文
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