利用物理化学参数评价糟渣类副产品的饲料特性
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摘要
研究旨在明确糟渣类副产品的物理化学特性。收集并分析了20种糟渣类副产品的化学成分和物理特性参数及其相关关系。结果表明:20种糟渣类副产品的化学成分分布范围较大,其中粗蛋白质(crude protein,CP),中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid deter-gent fiber,ADF)含量分别为27~334 g/kg DM,200~717 g/kg DM,119~385 g/kg DM;容积密度(bulk density,BD)为0.265~0.902 kg/l,持水率(water holding capacity,WHC)为2.96~14.74 L/kg,干物质溶出率(drymatter solubility,DMSol)为0.574~6.577 g/l,灰分溶出率(ash solubility,Ashsol)为0.018~0.446 g/l。糟渣类副产品的BD与NDF显著负相关(R=-0.539,P<0.05),与可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)显著正相关(R=0.612,P<0.05);WHC与所有化学成分均无显著相关性(P>0.05);DMSol与NDF显著负相关(R=-0.459,P<0.05),与WSC显著正相关(R=0.779,P<0.05),与Ashsol显著正相关(R=0.556,P<0.05);Ashsol与粗灰分(R=0.527,P<0.05)显著正相关。以上可知,糟渣类副产品的物理化学参数,可以作为一项全面评价反刍动物饲料特性的有效指标,用以弥补单纯依靠饲料营养成分指标的不足。
This experiment was conducted to determine the physical and chemical characterizationof agro-industrial by-product.Twenty kind of agro-industrial by-products were collected and de-termined for their physical characteristics,chemical composition and the relationship of each oth-er.The results showed that the physical parameters and chemical composition of the 20 kinds ofagro-industrial by-products distributed widely,crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were 27~334 g/kg DM,200~717 g/kg DM,119~385 g/kgDM,respectively,bulk density(BD) of the 20 kind of agro-industrial by-products was 0.265~0.902 kg/l,water holding capacity(WHC) was 2.96~14.74 L/kg,dry matter solubility(DMSol) was0.574~6.577 g/l,ash solubility(Ashsol) was 0.018~0.446 g/l.BD was significantly negative relatedwith neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(R=-0.539,P<0.05),but significantly positive related with wa-ter soluble carbohydrate(WSC)(R=0.612,P<0.05).WHC was not significantly with any chemicalcomposition.DMSol was significantly negative related with NDF(R=-0.459,P<0.05) but signifi-cantly positive related with WSC(R=0.779,P<0.05) and Ashsol(R=0.556,P<0.05).Ashsol wassignificantly positive related with ash(R=0.527,P<0.05).It is concluded that physical-chemicalparameters of agro-industrial by-product can be used as effective indicators for comprehensiveevaluation of ruminant feed and make up forthe deficiency of relying simply on the feed nu-trients.
This experiment was conducted to determine the physical and chemical characterizationof agro-industrial by-product.Twenty kind of agro-industrial by-products were collected and de-termined for their physical characteristics,chemical composition and the relationship of each oth-er.The results showed that the physical parameters and chemical composition of the 20 kinds ofagro-industrial by-products distributed widely,crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were 27~334 g/kg DM,200~717 g/kg DM,119~385 g/kgDM,respectively,bulk density(BD) of the 20 kind of agro-industrial by-products was 0.265~0.902 kg/l,water holding capacity(WHC) was 2.96~14.74 L/kg,dry matter solubility(DMSol) was0.574~6.577 g/l,ash solubility(Ashsol) was 0.018~0.446 g/l.BD was significantly negative relatedwith neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(R=-0.539,P<0.05),but significantly positive related with wa-ter soluble carbohydrate(WSC)(R=0.612,P<0.05).WHC was not significantly with any chemicalcomposition.DMSol was significantly negative related with NDF(R=-0.459,P<0.05) but signifi-cantly positive related with WSC(R=0.779,P<0.05) and Ashsol(R=0.556,P<0.05).Ashsol wassignificantly positive related with ash(R=0.527,P<0.05).It is concluded that physical-chemicalparameters of agro-industrial by-product can be used as effective indicators for comprehensiveevaluation of ruminant feed and make up forthe deficiency of relying simply on the feed nu-trients.
引文
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[21]Serena A,Knudsen K E B.Chemical and physicochemical charac-terisation of co-products from the vegetable food and agro indus-tries[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,139(1/2):109-124.
[2]Behgar M,Valizadeh R,Mirzaee M,et al.Correlation between thephysical and chemical properties of some forages and non-foragefiber fources[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2009,8(11):2280-2285.
[3]Trujillo A I,Marichal M D,Carriquiry M.Comparison of dry matterand neutral detergent fibre degradation of fibrous feedstuffs as de-termined with in situ and in vitro gravimetric procedures[J].Ani-mal Feed Science and Technology,2010,161(1/2):49-57.
[4]Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A,Maheri-Sis N.Nutritive value of some agro-industrial by-products for ruminants-a review[J].World Journal ofZoology,2008,3(2):40-46.
[5]Negesse T,Makkar H P S,Becker K.Nutritive value of some non-conventional feed resources of Ethiopia determined by chemicalanalyses and an in vitro gas method[J].Animal Feed Science andTechnology,2009,154(3/4):204-217.
[6]Xu C C,Cai Y,Zhang J G,et al.Fermentation quality and nutri-tive value of a tongtal mixed ration silage contaning coffeegrounds an ten or twenty percent of dry matter[J].Journal of Ani-mal Science,2007,85(4):1024-1029.
[7]Xu C C,Cai Y,Fukasawa M,et al.Ensiling and subsequent rumi-nal degradation characteristics of barley tea grounds treated withcontrasting additives[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,141(3):368-374.
[8]Ehle F R.Influence of feed particle density on particulate passagefrom rumen of holstein cow[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1984,67(3):693-697.
[9]Martz F A,Belyea R L.Role of particle-size and forage quality indigestion and passage by cattle and sheep[J].Journal of Dairy Sci-ence,1986,69(7):1996-2008.
[10]Singh B,Narang M P.Some physico-chemical characteristics offorages and their relationships to digestibility[J].Indian Journal ofAnimal Nutrition,1991,8(3):179-186.
[11]Avila Queiroz M A,Susin I,Pires A V,et al.Physical-chemicalcharacteristics of protein sources and their interactions on rumi-nal degradation and passage rate[J].Revista Brasileira De Zootec-nia-Brazilian Journal of Animal Science,2010,39(7):1587-1594.
[12]Giger-Reverdin S.Characterisation of feedstuffs for ruminants us-ing some physical parameters[J].Animal Feed Science and Tech-nology,2000,86(1/2):53-69.
[13]Dehority B A,Johnson R R.Estimation of digestibility and nutri-tive value of forages by cellulose and dry matter solubility meth-ods[J].Journal of Animal Science,1964,23(1):203-207.
[14]Aoac,Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Official Meth-ods of Analysis.16th ed.,Virginia,USA,1995.
[15]Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fi-ber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[16]Mcdonald P,Henderson A R.Determination of water-soluble car-bohydrates in grass[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agricul-ture,1964,15(6):395-398.
[17]Rasmussen T S,Henry R J.Starch determination in horticulturalplant-material by an enzymatic-colorimetic procedure[J].Journalof the Science of Food and Agriculture,1990,52(2):159-170.
[18]永西修,柾木茂彦,佐伯真魚,等.物理化学的パラメータを用いた飼料の特性評価[J].日本草地学会誌,2004,50(5):399-407.
[19]SAS,SAS/STAT user’s guide version 9.1.Statistical Analysis Sys-tem(SAS)Institute Inc.,Cary,NC,USA.,2004.
[20]Arosemena A,Depeters E J,Fadel J G.Extent of variability in nu-trient composition within selected by-product feedstuffs[J],Ani-mal Feed Science and Technology,1995,54(1):103-120.
[21]Serena A,Knudsen K E B.Chemical and physicochemical charac-terisation of co-products from the vegetable food and agro indus-tries[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,139(1/2):109-124.