外源钙和钙调素拮抗剂对冷藏桃果实耐冷性的影响
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摘要
以‘白凤’水蜜桃为试材,分别用外源钙(CaCl_2)和钙调素拮抗剂三氟拉嗪(trifluoperazin,TFP)浸泡桃果实,以蒸馏水为对照,研究其对冷藏桃果实抗冷性的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,CaCl_2处理能有效减轻桃果实果心褐变程度,缓解冷害症状,降低相对电导率,降低丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、H_2O_2含量,降低超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)产生速率以及脯氨酸脱氢酶(proline dehydrogenase,PDH)活力,提高活性氧代谢相关酶(超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)、Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase,P5CS)、鸟氨酸氨基转移酶(ornithineδ-aminotransferase peroxidase,OAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase,GR))活力;另外,CaCl_2处理后的桃果实表现为较高的脯氨酸、VC和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量;而TFP处理后的桃果实冷藏特性与CaCl_2处理组相反。这说明钙-钙调素(Ca~(2+)-CaM)复合体参与了采后桃果实抗冷性调控,Ca~(2+)浓度的增加能维持桃果实活性氧代谢平衡,减少低温胁迫下膜脂过氧化与损伤,增加渗透调节物质脯氨酸的积累,从而减少桃果实冷藏期间冷害的发生,保持果实营养品质,延长果实贮藏时间。
The effects of calcium(CaCl_2) and calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazin(TFP) dipping treatments on chilling tolerance of postharvest peach fruit(Prunus persica Batsch ‘Baifeng') during cold storage were investigated with distilled water as control. The results showed that CaCl_2 treatment could significantly reduce internal browning of peach fruit during cold storage, mitigate chilling injury, decrease relative electric conductivity and malonaldehyde(MDA) content, reduce hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) content and superoxide anion radical(O_2~-·) production rate, and the activity of proline dehydrogenase(PDH). In addition, CaCl_2 treatment improved the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P5CS), ornithine δ-aminotransferase peroxidase(OAT) and glutathione reductase(GR). High levels of proline, vitamin C and glutathione(GSH) were also observed in peach fruit treated with CaCl_2. However, the opposite effect was observed with TFP treatment. These findings suggested that the Ca~(2+)-CaM complex was involved in the regulation of cold tolerance in postharvest peach fruit and that CaCl_2 treatment could maintain reactive oxygen metabolism balance, alleviate lipid peroxidation and membrane damage, and increase the accumulation of the osmoregulator proline, thereby reducing chilling injury, maintaining fruit quality and extending the storage life of peach fruits during cold storage.
The effects of calcium(CaCl_2) and calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazin(TFP) dipping treatments on chilling tolerance of postharvest peach fruit(Prunus persica Batsch ‘Baifeng') during cold storage were investigated with distilled water as control. The results showed that CaCl_2 treatment could significantly reduce internal browning of peach fruit during cold storage, mitigate chilling injury, decrease relative electric conductivity and malonaldehyde(MDA) content, reduce hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) content and superoxide anion radical(O_2~-·) production rate, and the activity of proline dehydrogenase(PDH). In addition, CaCl_2 treatment improved the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase(P5CS), ornithine δ-aminotransferase peroxidase(OAT) and glutathione reductase(GR). High levels of proline, vitamin C and glutathione(GSH) were also observed in peach fruit treated with CaCl_2. However, the opposite effect was observed with TFP treatment. These findings suggested that the Ca~(2+)-CaM complex was involved in the regulation of cold tolerance in postharvest peach fruit and that CaCl_2 treatment could maintain reactive oxygen metabolism balance, alleviate lipid peroxidation and membrane damage, and increase the accumulation of the osmoregulator proline, thereby reducing chilling injury, maintaining fruit quality and extending the storage life of peach fruits during cold storage.
引文
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[2]陈克明,陈伟,杨震峰.桃果实采后可溶性糖和果胶类物质的变化与低温冷害的关系[J].核农学报,2013,27(5):647-652.DOI:10.11869/hnxb.2013.05.0647.
[3]麻浩,王爽,周亚丽.植物中钙依赖蛋白激酶的研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(4):565-572.DOI:10.7685/janu.201701036.
[4]曾后清,张夏俊,张亚仙,等.植物类钙调素生理功能的研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,2016,46(6):705-715.
[5]王大伟,向延菊.采后钙处理对新疆和田地区冬枣贮藏特性的影响[J].食品工业,2016,37(8):92-95.
[6]刘萍,范七君,牛英,等.次氯酸钙处理对金柑采后腐烂及抗氧化物酶活性的影响[J].果树学报,2016,33(9):1148-1155.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150548.
[7]KOU Xiaohong,WU Mengshi,LI Lei,et al.Effects of CaCl2 dipping and pullulan coating on the development of brown spot on‘Huangguan’pears during cold storage[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2015,99:63-72.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.08.001.
[8]KOU Xiaohong,WANG Shuang,ZHANG Ying,et al.Effects of chitosan and calcium chloride treatments on malic acid-metabolizing enzymes and the related gene expression in post-harvest pear cv.‘Huang guan’[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,165:252-259.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2013.10.034.
[9]梁庆沙,张东亚,李芳,等.钙处理对白凤桃果实冰温贮藏后细胞壁代谢物质的影响[J].果树学报,2009,26(5):714-718.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2009.05.014.
[10]XIONG L M,SCHUMAKER K S,ZHU J K.Cell signaling during cold,drought,and salt stress[J].Plant Cell,2002,14:S165-S183.DOI:10.1105/tpc.000596.
[11]张晶晶,李金金,年洪娟.钙/钙调素信号途径在胁迫中的作用研究进展[J].中国微生态学杂志,2013,25(7):858-860.DOI:10.13381/j.cnki.cjm.2013.07.009.
[12]LYSIAK G,FLORKOWSKI W J,PRUSSIA S E.Postharvest calcium chloride application and moisture barrier influence on peach fruit quality[J].Horttechnology,2008,18(1):100-105.DOI:10.1590/S0102-05362008000100024.
[13]MANGANARIS G A,VASILAKAKIS M,DIAMANTIDIS G,et al.The effect of postharvest calcium application on tissue calcium concentration,quality attributes,incidence of flesh browning and cell wall physicochemical aspects of peach fruits[J].Food Chemistry,2007,100(4):1385-1392.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.036.
[14]高洪波,陈贵林.钙调素拮抗剂与Ca2+对茄子幼苗抗冷性的影响[J].园艺学报,2002,29(3):243-246.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2002.03.010.
[15]张化生,郭晓冬,王萍.Ca2+与钙调素拮抗剂对辣椒幼苗抗冷性的影响[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(3):209-212.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-3575.2007.03.048.
[16]焦彦生,郭世荣,李娟,等.钙调素拮抗剂W7对低氧胁迫下黄瓜根系抗氧化系统的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(5):1178-1182.
[17]LING Chen,XU Jia,SHAO Shuang,et al.Effect of ultrasonic treatment combined with peracetic acid treatment reduces decay and maintains quality in loquat fruit[J].Journal of Food Quality,2018,2018(4):1-8.DOI:10.1155/2018/7564056.
[18]梁敏华,雷建敏,邵佳蓉,等.UV-C处理对桃果实酚类物质代谢和贮藏品质的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(6):1088-1093.DOI:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2015.06.1088.
[19]JIN Peng,WANG Huanyu,ZHANG Yu,et al.UV-C enhances resistance against gray mold decay caused by botrytis cinerea in strawberry fruit[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,225:106-111.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.06.062.
[20]ZHANG Yu,JIN Peng,HUANG Yupin,et al.Effect of hot water combined with glycine betaine alleviates chilling injury in cold-stored loquat fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,118:141-147.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.04.010.
[21]孙玉洁,金鹏,单体敏,等.甜菜碱处理对枇杷果实采后冷害和活性氧代谢的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(14):210-215.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201414041.
[22]HAN Cong,LI Jing,JIN Peng,et al.The effect of temperature on phenolic content in wounded carrots[J].Food Chemistry,2017,215:116-123.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.172.
[23]LI Xiao’an,LONG Qinghong,GAO Fan,et al.Effect of cutting styles on quality and antioxidant activity in fresh-cut pitaya fruit[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2017,124:1-7.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.09.009.
[24]SHAN Timin,JIN Peng,ZHANG Yu,et al.Exogenous glycine betaine treatment enhances chilling tolerance of peach fruit during cold storage[J].Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,114(1):104-110.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.12.005.
[25]SHANG Haitao,CAO Shifeng,YANG Zhenfeng,et al.Effect of exogenousγ-aminobutyric acid treatment on proline accumulation and chilling injury in peach fruit after long-term cold storage[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59(4):1264-1268.DOI:10.1021/jf104424z.
[26]韩一林,王鑫朝,许馨露,等.毛竹幼苗抗氧化酶和AsA-GSH循环对高温干旱及协同胁迫的响应[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2):268-276.DOI:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2018.02.010.
[27]曲丹阳,顾万荣,李丽杰,等.壳聚糖对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片AsA-GSH循环的调控效应[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):291-299.DOI:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20291.
[28]张化生.Ca2+和钙调素拮抗剂对辣椒幼苗抗冷性的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007:17-23.
[29]王艳颖,胡文忠,田密霞,等.氯化钙处理对李果实抑制冷害作用的影响[J].食品科学,2011,32(8):286-290.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201108065.
[30]林素英,梁杰,黄志明,等.钙调素拮抗剂TFP对低温胁迫下枇杷幼果AsA-GSH循环的影响[J].热带作物学报,2012,33(11):1980-1984.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2012.11.012.
[31]陈钢.磷水平对西瓜产量、品质、养分吸收及幼苗耐冷性影响的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008:15-19.
[32]ALSCHER R G,ERTURK N,HEATH L S.Role of superoxide dismutases(SODs)in controlling oxidative stress in plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53:1331-1341.DOI:10.1093/jexbot/53.372.1331.
[33]APEL K,HIRT H.Reactive oxygen species:metabolism,oxidative stress,and signal transduction[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,2004,55(1):373-399.DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701.
[34]李园园,王莉,周梦洁,等.2,4-表油菜素内酯对草莓果实贮藏品质及抗氧化活性的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(1):279-284.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201801042.
[35]DE GARA L,DE PINTO M C,TOMMASI F.The antioxidant systems vis-à-vis reactive oxygen species during plant-pathogen interaction[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2003,41(10):863-870.DOI:10.1016/S0981-9428(03)00135-9.
[36]YANG T B,CHAUDHURI S,YANG L H,et al.A calcium/calmodulin-regulated member of the receptor-like kinase family confers cold tolerance in plants.[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2010,285(10):7119-7126.DOI:10.1074/jbc.M109.035659.
[37]黄玉婷,钱文俊,王博,等.外源Ca2+及钙离子信号抑制剂对茶树抗寒性的影响[J].茶叶科学,2015,35(6):520-526.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-369X.2015.06.002.