注意力分配对双重任务模型平衡和计算能力的影响
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摘要
目的探讨执行计算-平衡双重任务时,注意力分配原则对平衡能力和计算能力的影响。方法 2016年10月至2017年12月,选取健康青年人20例,于坐位下进行睁眼+计算、闭眼+计算测试,于静态平衡仪上分别进行单腿站立+睁眼、单腿站立+闭眼、单腿站立+睁眼+计算、单腿站立+闭眼+计算测试。记录身体重心的左右最大摆幅、前后最大摆幅,外周面积,轨迹长,以及连续逆序减7计算的正确率。结果睁眼时身体重心左右、前后最大摆幅,外周面积,轨迹长显著小于闭眼时(t> 8.775, P <0.001);双重任务闭眼时身体重心左右、前后最大摆幅,外周面积小于单项任务(t> 2.276, P <0.05);双重任务睁眼时身体重心的左右、前后最大摆幅,外周面积,轨迹长与单项任务相比无显著性差异(t <1.379, P> 0.05)。睁眼坐位组、闭眼坐位组、睁眼平衡测试组、闭眼平衡测试组计算正确率无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。结论低难度的认知双重任务不通过注意力分配原则来影响平衡稳定性和计算能力,计算任务反而改善闭眼时的单腿静态平衡稳定性,但对睁眼时的平衡稳定性无影响。
Objectives To explore the impact of attentional distribution principle on balance and arithmetic ability when performing calculation-balance dual task.Methods From October, 2016 to December, 2017, 20 healthy young subjects were selected, and asked to perform eyes opened + calculation and eyes closed + calculation tests under sitting position, and perform single leg standing +eyes opened, single leg standing + eyes closed, single leg standing + eyes opened + calculation and single leg standing + eyes closed + calculation tests in the static balance instrument. The maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction of center of gravity, sway area and sway path length were recorded,as well as the accuracy of counting backwards in steps of seven.Results The maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction, sway area, sway path length were significantly less when eyes opened than eyes closed(t > 8.775, P < 0.001). The maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction, and sway area were less when eyes closed during the dual task than single task(t > 2.276, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction, and sway area and sway path length when eyes opened during the dual task compared with single task(t < 1.379, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the calculation accuracy among the eyes opened + sitting group, the eyes closed + sitting group, the eyes opened + balance test group and the eyes closed + balance test groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion The low-difficult cognitive dual task does not affect the balance stability and arithmetic ability through the attentional distribution principle, on the contrary, the arithmetic task improves the static balance ability of single leg standing when eyes closed, however, it has no effect on the static balance ability of single leg standing when eyes opened.
Objectives To explore the impact of attentional distribution principle on balance and arithmetic ability when performing calculation-balance dual task.Methods From October, 2016 to December, 2017, 20 healthy young subjects were selected, and asked to perform eyes opened + calculation and eyes closed + calculation tests under sitting position, and perform single leg standing +eyes opened, single leg standing + eyes closed, single leg standing + eyes opened + calculation and single leg standing + eyes closed + calculation tests in the static balance instrument. The maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction of center of gravity, sway area and sway path length were recorded,as well as the accuracy of counting backwards in steps of seven.Results The maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction, sway area, sway path length were significantly less when eyes opened than eyes closed(t > 8.775, P < 0.001). The maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction, and sway area were less when eyes closed during the dual task than single task(t > 2.276, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the maximum displacement in mediolateral direction and anteroposterior direction, and sway area and sway path length when eyes opened during the dual task compared with single task(t < 1.379, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the calculation accuracy among the eyes opened + sitting group, the eyes closed + sitting group, the eyes opened + balance test group and the eyes closed + balance test groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion The low-difficult cognitive dual task does not affect the balance stability and arithmetic ability through the attentional distribution principle, on the contrary, the arithmetic task improves the static balance ability of single leg standing when eyes closed, however, it has no effect on the static balance ability of single leg standing when eyes opened.
引文
[1]庄霁雯,郑洁皎,陈秀恩.认知双重任务训练对青年人动态平衡的影响[J].中国康复,2017,32(2):119-122.
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[6]Cheng K C,Pratt J,Maki B E.Effects of spatial-memory decay and dual-task interference on perturbation-evoked reach-tograsp reactions in the absence of online visual feedback[J]Hum Mov Sci,2013,32(2):328-342.
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[11]Alimardani M,Nishio S,Ishiguro H.Humanlike robot hands controlled by brain activity arouse illusion of ownership in operators[J].Sci Rep,2013,3:2396.
[12]Negahban H,Ahmadi P,Salehi R,et al.Attentional demands of postural control during single leg stance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction[J].Neurosci Lett,2013556:118-123.
[13]Resch J E,May B,Tomporowski P D,et al.Balance performance with a cognitive task:a continuation of the dual-task testing paradigm[J].J Athl Train,2011,46(2):170-175.
[14]Faulkner K A,Redfern M S,Cauley J A,et al.Multitasking:Association between poorer performance and a history of recurrent falls[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2007,55(4):570-576.
[15]Tamura K,Kocher M,Finer L,et al.Reliability of clinically feasible dual-task tests:expanded timed get up and go test as a motor task on young healthy individuals[J].Gait Posture2018,60:22-27.
[16]Gay R K.Neurocognitive measures in the assessment of vestibular disturbance in patients with brain injury[J].NeuroRehabilitation,2013,32(3):473-482.
[17]Varghese R,Hui-Chan C W,Bhatt T.Reduced cognitive-motor interference on voluntary balance control in older Tai Chi practitioners[J].J Geriatr Phys Ther,2016,39(4):190-199.
[18]Brecl J G,Remsak T,Sega J S,et al.Step initiation interferes with working memory in nondisabled patients with the earliest multiple sclerosis-a dual-task study[J].Gait Posture,201751:201-207.
[19]Andersson G,Yardley L,Luxon L.A dual-task study of interference between mental activity and control of balance[J].Am J Otol,1998,19(5):632-637.
[20]Remaud A,Boyas S,Caron G A R,et al.Attentional demands associated with postural control depend on task difficulty and visual condition[J].J Mot Behav,2012,44(5):329-340.
[21]Yeh T T,Boulet J,Cluff T,et al.Contributions of delayed visual feedback and cognitive task load to postural dynamics[J]Neurosci Lett,2010,481(3):173-177.
[22]Swanenburg J,de Bruin E D,Uebelhart D,et al.Compromising postural balance in the elderly[J].Gerontology,2009,55(3):353-360.
[23]Fujita H,Kasubuchi K,Wakata S,et al.Role of the frontal cortex in standing postural sway tasks while dual-tasking:a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study examining working memory capacity[J].Biomed Res Int,2016,2016:7053867.
[24]Stins J F,Beek P J.A critical evaluation of the cognitive penetrability of posture[J].Exp Aging Res,2012,38(2):208-219.
[25]Yeh T T,Cluff T,Balasubramaniam R.Visual reliance for balance control in older adults persists when visual information is disrupted by artificial feedback delays[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):e91554.
[26]戚维璜,郑洁皎,安丙辰.认知双重任务干扰平衡功能的研究[J].中国康复,2014,29(2):83-85.
[27]Kotecha A,Chopra R,Fahy R T A,et al.Dual tasking and balance in those with central and peripheral vision loss[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2013,54(8):5408-5415.
[28]段林茹,郑洁皎,徐国会,等.感觉的平衡维持优先策略研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2017,23(11):1241-1244.
[29]Vuillerme N,Vincent H.How performing a mental arithmetic task modify the regulation of centre of foot pressure displacements during bipedal quiet standing[J].Exp Brain Res2006,169(1):130-134.
[30]Lajoie Y,Jehu D A,Richer N,et al.Continuous and difficult discrete cognitive tasks promote improved stability in older adults[J].Gait Posture,2017,55:43-48.
[31]Riley M A,Baker A A,Schmit J M,et al.Effects of visual and auditory short-term memory tasks on the spatiotemporal dynamics and variability of postural sway[J].J Mot Behav2005,37(4):311-324.
[32]Swan L,Otani H,Loubert P V.Reducing postural sway by manipulating the difficulty levels of a cognitive task and a balance task[J].Gait Posture,2007,26(3):470-474.
[33]Pellecchia G L.Postural sway increases with attentional demands of concurrent cognitive task[J].Gait Posture,2003,18(1):29-34.
[34]Bourlon C,Lehenaff L,Batifoulier C,et al.Dual-tasking postural control in patients with right brain damage[J].Gait Posture,2014,39(1):188-193.
[35]Sweller J.Cognitive load during problem solving:effects on learning[J].Cogn Sci,1988,12(2):257-285.
[36]Li K,Bherer L,Mirelman A,et al.Cognitive involvement in balance,gait and dual-tasking in aging:a focused review from a neuroscience of aging perspective[J].Front Neurol,20189:913.
[2]朱婷,安丙辰,梁贞文,等.认知对姿势控制能力影响的研究进展[J].中华老年病研究电子杂志,2015,2(1):35-38.
[3]Gibbons C T,Amazeen P G,Jondac J J.Thinking on your feet:An analysis of movement and cognition in a sit to stand task[J].Acta Psychol(Amst),2018,192:52-58.
[4]Potvin-Desrochers A,Richer N,Lajoie Y.Cognitive tasks promote automatization of postural control in young and older adults[J].Gait Posture,2017,57:40-45.
[5]Cheng K C,Pratt J,Maki B E.Do aging and dual-tasking impair the capacity to store and retrieve visuospatial information needed to guide perturbation-evoked reach-to-grasp reactions?[J].PLoS One,2013,8(11):e79401.
[6]Cheng K C,Pratt J,Maki B E.Effects of spatial-memory decay and dual-task interference on perturbation-evoked reach-tograsp reactions in the absence of online visual feedback[J]Hum Mov Sci,2013,32(2):328-342.
[7]Sosnoff J J,Balantrapu S,Pilutti L A,et al.Cognitive processing speed is related to fall frequency in older adults with multiple sclerosis[J].Arch Phys Med Rehabil,2013,94(8):1567-1572.
[8]Powell J W,Barber-Foss K D.Traumatic brain injury in high school athletes[J].JAMA,1999,282(10):958-963.
[9]Zheng J J,Wang X Q,Xu Y Y,et al.Cognitive dual-task training improves balance function in patients with stroke[J]Health Med,2012,6(3):840-845.
[10]杜峰,王竹影.健美操运动员三种状态下的平衡能力[J].体育学刊,2007(4):51-53.
[11]Alimardani M,Nishio S,Ishiguro H.Humanlike robot hands controlled by brain activity arouse illusion of ownership in operators[J].Sci Rep,2013,3:2396.
[12]Negahban H,Ahmadi P,Salehi R,et al.Attentional demands of postural control during single leg stance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction[J].Neurosci Lett,2013556:118-123.
[13]Resch J E,May B,Tomporowski P D,et al.Balance performance with a cognitive task:a continuation of the dual-task testing paradigm[J].J Athl Train,2011,46(2):170-175.
[14]Faulkner K A,Redfern M S,Cauley J A,et al.Multitasking:Association between poorer performance and a history of recurrent falls[J].J Am Geriatr Soc,2007,55(4):570-576.
[15]Tamura K,Kocher M,Finer L,et al.Reliability of clinically feasible dual-task tests:expanded timed get up and go test as a motor task on young healthy individuals[J].Gait Posture2018,60:22-27.
[16]Gay R K.Neurocognitive measures in the assessment of vestibular disturbance in patients with brain injury[J].NeuroRehabilitation,2013,32(3):473-482.
[17]Varghese R,Hui-Chan C W,Bhatt T.Reduced cognitive-motor interference on voluntary balance control in older Tai Chi practitioners[J].J Geriatr Phys Ther,2016,39(4):190-199.
[18]Brecl J G,Remsak T,Sega J S,et al.Step initiation interferes with working memory in nondisabled patients with the earliest multiple sclerosis-a dual-task study[J].Gait Posture,201751:201-207.
[19]Andersson G,Yardley L,Luxon L.A dual-task study of interference between mental activity and control of balance[J].Am J Otol,1998,19(5):632-637.
[20]Remaud A,Boyas S,Caron G A R,et al.Attentional demands associated with postural control depend on task difficulty and visual condition[J].J Mot Behav,2012,44(5):329-340.
[21]Yeh T T,Boulet J,Cluff T,et al.Contributions of delayed visual feedback and cognitive task load to postural dynamics[J]Neurosci Lett,2010,481(3):173-177.
[22]Swanenburg J,de Bruin E D,Uebelhart D,et al.Compromising postural balance in the elderly[J].Gerontology,2009,55(3):353-360.
[23]Fujita H,Kasubuchi K,Wakata S,et al.Role of the frontal cortex in standing postural sway tasks while dual-tasking:a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study examining working memory capacity[J].Biomed Res Int,2016,2016:7053867.
[24]Stins J F,Beek P J.A critical evaluation of the cognitive penetrability of posture[J].Exp Aging Res,2012,38(2):208-219.
[25]Yeh T T,Cluff T,Balasubramaniam R.Visual reliance for balance control in older adults persists when visual information is disrupted by artificial feedback delays[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):e91554.
[26]戚维璜,郑洁皎,安丙辰.认知双重任务干扰平衡功能的研究[J].中国康复,2014,29(2):83-85.
[27]Kotecha A,Chopra R,Fahy R T A,et al.Dual tasking and balance in those with central and peripheral vision loss[J].Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci,2013,54(8):5408-5415.
[28]段林茹,郑洁皎,徐国会,等.感觉的平衡维持优先策略研究[J].中国康复理论与实践,2017,23(11):1241-1244.
[29]Vuillerme N,Vincent H.How performing a mental arithmetic task modify the regulation of centre of foot pressure displacements during bipedal quiet standing[J].Exp Brain Res2006,169(1):130-134.
[30]Lajoie Y,Jehu D A,Richer N,et al.Continuous and difficult discrete cognitive tasks promote improved stability in older adults[J].Gait Posture,2017,55:43-48.
[31]Riley M A,Baker A A,Schmit J M,et al.Effects of visual and auditory short-term memory tasks on the spatiotemporal dynamics and variability of postural sway[J].J Mot Behav2005,37(4):311-324.
[32]Swan L,Otani H,Loubert P V.Reducing postural sway by manipulating the difficulty levels of a cognitive task and a balance task[J].Gait Posture,2007,26(3):470-474.
[33]Pellecchia G L.Postural sway increases with attentional demands of concurrent cognitive task[J].Gait Posture,2003,18(1):29-34.
[34]Bourlon C,Lehenaff L,Batifoulier C,et al.Dual-tasking postural control in patients with right brain damage[J].Gait Posture,2014,39(1):188-193.
[35]Sweller J.Cognitive load during problem solving:effects on learning[J].Cogn Sci,1988,12(2):257-285.
[36]Li K,Bherer L,Mirelman A,et al.Cognitive involvement in balance,gait and dual-tasking in aging:a focused review from a neuroscience of aging perspective[J].Front Neurol,20189:913.
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