婴幼儿呼吸道微生物群演替研究进展
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摘要
婴幼儿从出生开始正常呼吸道微生物就无时不刻地进行着演替,最终呼吸系统微生物形成动态平衡。婴幼儿时期是呼吸道微生物群演替的重要时期,也是免疫发育的关键时期,容易受外界因素的影响,这些影响因素包括分娩方式、喂养方式、抗生素、季节、疫苗接种等。研究表明婴幼儿时期的呼吸道微生物的组成和发育会影响微生物群的稳定性,从而影响呼吸道感染和过敏性疾病的发生。现对婴幼儿呼吸道微生物群演替及其影响因素,如分娩方式、喂养方式、抗生素使用、季节、疫苗接种等进行综述。
The succession of normal respiratory tract microbiota is continuously ongoing since the birth of infants, which results in a dynamic balance of respiratory microecology. The infancy is not only an important time period for the succession of respiratory microbiota, but also a critical period for the development of immune system. It is vulnerable to the mode of delivery, feeding type, antibiotic treatment, season and vaccination etc. Studies have shown that the composition and development of respiratory microbes in infancy will affect the stability of microbial community and thus affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases. This paper reviews the succession of respiratory microflora in infants and its influencing factors, such as mode of delivery, feeding type, antibiotic treatment, season, and vaccination etc.
The succession of normal respiratory tract microbiota is continuously ongoing since the birth of infants, which results in a dynamic balance of respiratory microecology. The infancy is not only an important time period for the succession of respiratory microbiota, but also a critical period for the development of immune system. It is vulnerable to the mode of delivery, feeding type, antibiotic treatment, season and vaccination etc. Studies have shown that the composition and development of respiratory microbes in infancy will affect the stability of microbial community and thus affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases. This paper reviews the succession of respiratory microflora in infants and its influencing factors, such as mode of delivery, feeding type, antibiotic treatment, season, and vaccination etc.
引文
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[15] Paricio Talayero JM, Lizňn-García M, Otero PA, et al. Full breastfeeding and hospitalization as a result of infections in the first year of life[J]. Pediatrics, 2006, 118(1): e92-9.
[16] Schanche M, Avershina E, Dotterud C, et al. High-resolution analyses of overlap in the microbiota between mothers and their children[J]. Curr Microbiol, 2015, 71(2): 283-290.
[17] Roberts SA, Freed DL. Neonatal IgA secretion enhanced by breast feeding[J]. Lancet, 1977, 2(8048): 1131.
[18] Fouhy F, Guinane CM, Hussey S, et al. High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2012, 56(11): 5811-5820.
[19] Blaser MJ, Falkow S. What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota?[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2009, 7(12): 887-894.
[20] Teo SM, Mok D, Pham K, et al. The infant nasopharyngeal microbiome impacts severity of lower respiratory infection and risk of asthma development[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2015, 17(5): 704-715.
[21] Prevaes SM, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, et al. Development of the nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with cystic fibrosis[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2015, 193(5): 504-515.
[22] Pettigrew MM, Laufer AS, Gent JF, et al. Upper respiratory tract microbial communities, acute otitis media pathogens, and antibiotic use in healthy and sick children[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2012, 78(17): 6262-6270.
[23] Leibovitz E, Greenberg D, Piglansky L, et al. Recurrent acute otitis media occurring within one month from completion of antibiotic therapy: Relationship to the original pathogen[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2003, 22(3): 209-216
[24] Murdoch KM, Mitra B, Lambert S, et al. What is the seasonal distribution of community acquired pneumonia over time? A systematic review[J]. Australas Emerg Nurs J, 2014, 17(1): 30-42.
[25] Numminen E, Chewapreecha C, Turner C, et al. Corrigendum: Climate induces seasonality in pneumococcal transmission[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 23307.
[26] Biesbroek G, Wang X, Keijser BJ, et al. Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy children[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2014, 20(2): 201-210.
[27] Tan TT, M?rgelin M, Forsgren A, et al. Haemophilus influenzae survival during complement-mediated attacks is promoted by Moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles[J]. J Infect Dis, 2007, 195(11): 1661-1670.
[28] Bogaert D, van Belkum A, Sluijter M, et al. Colonisation by Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children[J]. Lancet, 2004, 363(9424): 1871-1872.
[2] Bosch AATM, Levin E, van Houten MA, et al. Development of upper respiratory tract microbiota in infancy is affected by mode of delivery[J]. EBioMedicine, 2016, 9: 336-345.
[3] Biesbroek G, Tsivtsivadze E, Sanders EA, et al. Early respiratory microbiota composition determines bacterial succession patterns and respiratory health in children[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 190(11): 1283-1292.
[4] Fukuyama S, Hiroi T, Yokota Y, et al. Initiation of NALT organogenesis is independent of the IL-7R, LTβR, and NIK signaling pathways but requires the Id2 gene and CD3(-) CD4(+) CD45(+) cells[J]. Immunity, 2002, 17(1): 31-40.
[5] Rangel-Moreno J, Carragher DM, de la Luz Garcia-Hemandez M, et al. The development of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue depends on IL-17[J]. Nat Immunol, 2011, 12(7): 639-646.
[6] Scharschmidt TC, Vasquez KS, Truong HA, et al. A wave of regulatory T cells into neonatal skin mediates tolerance to commensal microbes[J]. Immunity, 2015, 43(5): 1011-1021.
[7] Vissing NH, Chawes BL, Bisgaard H. Increased risk of pneumonia and bronchiolitis after bacterial colonization of the airways as neonates[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(10): 1246-1252.
[8] Hooper LV, Litaman DR, Macpherson AJ. Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system[J]. Science, 2012, 336(6086): 1268-1273.
[9] Karlstr?m A, Lindgren H, Hildingsson I. Maternal and infant outcome after caesarean section without recorded medical indication: Findings from a Swedish case-control study[J]. BJOG, 2013, 120(4): 479-486.
[10] Kristensen K, Fisker N, Haerskjold A, et al. Caesarean section and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: A population-based study[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2015, 34(2): 145-148.
[11] Guibas GV, Moschonis G, Xepapadaki P, et al. Conception via in vitro fertilization and delivery by Caesarean section are associated with paediatric asthma incidence[J]. Clin Exp Allergy, 2013, 43(9): 1058-1066.
[12] Biesbroek G, Bosch AA, Wang X, et al. The impact of breastfeeding on nasopharyngeal microbial communities in infants[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2014, 190(3): 298-308.
[13] Tarrant M, Kwok MK, Lam TH, Leung GM, et al. Breast-feeding and childhood hospitalizations for infections[J]. Epidemiology, 2010, 21(6): 847-854.
[14] López-Alarcón M, Villalpando S, Fajardo A. Breast-feeding lowers the frequency and duration of acute respiratory infection and diarrhea in infants under six months of age[J]. J Nutr, 1997, 127(3): 436-443.
[15] Paricio Talayero JM, Lizňn-García M, Otero PA, et al. Full breastfeeding and hospitalization as a result of infections in the first year of life[J]. Pediatrics, 2006, 118(1): e92-9.
[16] Schanche M, Avershina E, Dotterud C, et al. High-resolution analyses of overlap in the microbiota between mothers and their children[J]. Curr Microbiol, 2015, 71(2): 283-290.
[17] Roberts SA, Freed DL. Neonatal IgA secretion enhanced by breast feeding[J]. Lancet, 1977, 2(8048): 1131.
[18] Fouhy F, Guinane CM, Hussey S, et al. High-throughput sequencing reveals the incomplete, short-term recovery of infant gut microbiota following parenteral antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2012, 56(11): 5811-5820.
[19] Blaser MJ, Falkow S. What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota?[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2009, 7(12): 887-894.
[20] Teo SM, Mok D, Pham K, et al. The infant nasopharyngeal microbiome impacts severity of lower respiratory infection and risk of asthma development[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2015, 17(5): 704-715.
[21] Prevaes SM, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, et al. Development of the nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with cystic fibrosis[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2015, 193(5): 504-515.
[22] Pettigrew MM, Laufer AS, Gent JF, et al. Upper respiratory tract microbial communities, acute otitis media pathogens, and antibiotic use in healthy and sick children[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2012, 78(17): 6262-6270.
[23] Leibovitz E, Greenberg D, Piglansky L, et al. Recurrent acute otitis media occurring within one month from completion of antibiotic therapy: Relationship to the original pathogen[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2003, 22(3): 209-216
[24] Murdoch KM, Mitra B, Lambert S, et al. What is the seasonal distribution of community acquired pneumonia over time? A systematic review[J]. Australas Emerg Nurs J, 2014, 17(1): 30-42.
[25] Numminen E, Chewapreecha C, Turner C, et al. Corrigendum: Climate induces seasonality in pneumococcal transmission[J]. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 23307.
[26] Biesbroek G, Wang X, Keijser BJ, et al. Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy children[J]. Emerg Infect Dis, 2014, 20(2): 201-210.
[27] Tan TT, M?rgelin M, Forsgren A, et al. Haemophilus influenzae survival during complement-mediated attacks is promoted by Moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles[J]. J Infect Dis, 2007, 195(11): 1661-1670.
[28] Bogaert D, van Belkum A, Sluijter M, et al. Colonisation by Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children[J]. Lancet, 2004, 363(9424): 1871-1872.
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