基于地基激光雷达的采矿废弃地生态修复的植被参数提取
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摘要
植被恢复是矿山生态修复的重要阶段,而水平方向的植被覆盖和垂直方向的结构参数是评估植被恢复成效的重要指标。利用地基激光雷达(T-LiDAR)点云数据在植被垂直结构参数提取方面的优势,选取叶面积指数、间隙率和郁闭度3种植被参数,以漳州采矿废弃地为例,分析与探讨了数字高程模型(DEM)分辨率和三维点云像元对于不同生态修复阶段的植被结构参数提取的影响。结果表明:随着DEM分辨率的增大(精度降低),植被覆盖较好、半裸露的采矿废弃地提取的叶面积指数下降,间隙率提高,郁闭度下降,DEM的适宜分辨率分别为10和20 cm;裸露采矿废弃地的3种植被结构参数则没有发生变化,DEM的适宜分辨率为50 cm。随着三维点云像元的增大,不同生态修复阶段的采矿废弃地的叶面积指数和郁闭度均增大,间隙率均减小。植被覆盖较好、半裸露的采矿废弃地3种植被参数变化曲线基本一致,且明显高于裸露采矿废弃地。
Vegetation recovery is a key stage of mine ecological restoration,while the horizontal vegetation coverage and vertical structure parameters are important indicators for the evaluation of vegetation recovery effectiveness. The three parameters of vegetation structure( leaf area index,gap rate and crown density) were extracted through taking Zhangzhou abandoned mine area as a case study,based on the point cloud data produced by Terrestrial LiDAR( T-LiDAR). The impacts of Digital Elevation Model( DEM) resolution and three dimensional point cloud pixel size on the extraction of vegetation structure parameters in different stages of ecological restoration were then analyzed and discussed. The results show that:( 1) with the increase of the resolution of DEM( precision reduction),the leaf area index( LAI) and crown density on both well revegetated and semi-bare abandoned mine area decreased,while gap rate increased,the suitable resolution of DEM was 10 and 20 cm,respectively,three parameters of vegetation structure on bare abandoned mine area were all not changed with the increased of DEM resolution,the suitable resolution of DEM was 50 cm.( 2) With the increase of three dimensional point cloud pixel size,the LAI and crown density on different stages of ecological restoration on abandoned mine area all increased,while the gap rate decreased. Three parameters of vegetation structure on well revegetated abandoned mine area exhibited similar changing curves with semi-bare abandoned mine area,while both of them were higher than that of bare abandoned area.
Vegetation recovery is a key stage of mine ecological restoration,while the horizontal vegetation coverage and vertical structure parameters are important indicators for the evaluation of vegetation recovery effectiveness. The three parameters of vegetation structure( leaf area index,gap rate and crown density) were extracted through taking Zhangzhou abandoned mine area as a case study,based on the point cloud data produced by Terrestrial LiDAR( T-LiDAR). The impacts of Digital Elevation Model( DEM) resolution and three dimensional point cloud pixel size on the extraction of vegetation structure parameters in different stages of ecological restoration were then analyzed and discussed. The results show that:( 1) with the increase of the resolution of DEM( precision reduction),the leaf area index( LAI) and crown density on both well revegetated and semi-bare abandoned mine area decreased,while gap rate increased,the suitable resolution of DEM was 10 and 20 cm,respectively,three parameters of vegetation structure on bare abandoned mine area were all not changed with the increased of DEM resolution,the suitable resolution of DEM was 50 cm.( 2) With the increase of three dimensional point cloud pixel size,the LAI and crown density on different stages of ecological restoration on abandoned mine area all increased,while the gap rate decreased. Three parameters of vegetation structure on well revegetated abandoned mine area exhibited similar changing curves with semi-bare abandoned mine area,while both of them were higher than that of bare abandoned area.
引文
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[3]吕国屏,廖承锐,高媛赟,等.激光雷达技术在矿山生态环境监测中的应用[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(7):577-585.[LGuo-ping,LIAO Cheng-rui,GAO Yuan-yun,et al.Application of Li DAR Techniques to Monitoring of Eco-Environment in Mining Areas[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(7):577-585.
[4]苏阳,祁元,王建华,等.基于Li DAR数据的额济纳绿洲胡杨(Populus euphratica)河岸林植被覆盖分类与植被结构参数提取[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(4):689-697.[SU Yang,QI Yuan,WANG Jian-hua,et al.Vegetation Coverage Classification and Vegetation Structure Parameters Extraction of Populus euphratica Forest in Ejina Oasis by Li DAR Data[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(4):689-697.
[5]杨敏,林杰,顾哲衍,等.基于Landsat 8 OLI多光谱影像数据和BP经网路的叶面积指数反演[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(4):86-93.[YANG Min,LIN Jie,GU Zhe-yan,et al.Leaf Area index Retrieval Based on Landsat 8 OLI Multi-Spectral Image Data and BP Neural Network[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(4):86-93.]
[6]WULDER M.Optical Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Assessment of Forest Inventory and Biophysical Parameters[J].Progress in Physical Geography,1998,22(4):449-476.
[7]LIM K,TREITZ P,WULDER M,et al.LIDAR Remote Sensing of Forest Structure[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2003,27(1):88-106.
[8]郭向前,郝伟涛,李响.基于机载LIDAR技术的研究及其展望[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2013,36(2):69-72.[GUO Xiangqian,HAO Wei-tao,LI Xiang.Based on the Airborne LIDAR Technology Research and Its Prospect[J].Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology,2013,36(2):69-72.
[9]庞勇,李增元,陈尔学,等.激光雷达技术及其在林业上的应用[J].林业科学,2005,41(3):129-136.[PANG Yong,LI Zengyuan,CHEN Er-xue,et al.Lidar Remote Sensing Technology and Its Application in Forestry[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(3):129-136.
[10]李海东,沈渭寿,刘波,等.西藏高寒河谷沙地不同演替阶段植被的高光谱特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(4):521-525.[LI Hai-dong,SHEN Wei-shou,LIU Bo,et al.Hyperspectral Characteristics of Vegetations in Succession on Sandlot in Alpine Valleys of Tibet,China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2014,30(4):521-525.
[11]BONAN G B.Importance of Leaf Area Index and Forest Type When Estimating Photosynthesis in Boreal Forests[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1993,43(3):303-314.
[12]ANDERSEN J,DYBKJAER G,JENSEN K H,et al.Use of Remotely Sensed Precipitation and Leaf Area Index in a Distributed Hydrological Model[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,264(1/2/3/4):34-50.
[13]ALONZO M,BOOKHAGEN B,MCFADDEN J P,et al.Mapping Urban Forest Leaf Area Index With Airborne Lidar Using Penetration Metrics and Allometry[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,162:141-153.